Tarım topraklarının jeoistatistiksel modelleme ile kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 23 Issue: 4, 489 - 499, 23.12.2019

Yakup Kenan Koca , Mert Acar , Yavuz Şahin Turgut

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.556103

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Tarımsal
üretimde sürdürülebilirlik son yıllarda daha fazla önem verilen konulardan
birisidir. Bu kapsamda toprakların mevcut durumunu bilmek ve uygun olmayan
toprak özelliklerini belirlemek ve iyileştirmek en önemli adımdır. Mevcut
duruma yapılacak her türlü etki kısa sürede kendini göstermese de uzun sürede
olumlu veya olumsuz olarak toprak kalitesine yansıyacaktır. Bu sebeple,
Türkiye’nin Çukurova Bölgesi sahil kesiminde yer alan Yumurtalık ilçe merkezi
ve yakın çevresindeki toprakların verimlilik düzeyleri göz önünde
bulundurularak toprak kalitesinin belirlenmesi ve dağılım haritasının
oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için, daha önceden toprak etüdü yapılmış
olan çalışma alanında rastgele belirlenen 110 noktaya ait toprakların pH,
elektriksel iletkenlik, kireç, katyon değişim kapasitesi, organik madde, kum,
silt ve kil değerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Toprak kalite indeksi standart
skorlama fonksiyonları ile skorlanan göstergelere analitik hiyerarşi süreci ile
ağırlık verilerek belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, yaklaşık 7694 ha arazinin toprak
kalite sınıfları elde edilmiş ve jeoistatistiksel modelleme ile
haritalanmıştır. Kalite düzeyleri bakımından beş sınıfta değerlendirilen
topraklarda en fazla %68.3 ile orta kaliteli topraklar belirlenmiştir. Buna
karşın, çok düşük kaliteye sahip topraklar ise 82 ha ile çalışma alanının
yalnızca %1.1’inde yayılım göstermektedir. Çok yüksek kaliteli olarak
tanımlanan topraklar ise çalışma alanında bulunmamaktadır. Çalışma alanında yer
alan toprakların kalitesinin ilerleyen yıllarda tekrardan belirlenmesi ve
zamanla meydana gelen değişimlerin ortaya çıkarılması, tarımda
sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması açısından oldukça önemlidir.

Keywords

Verimlilik, Toprak kalitesi, Analitik hiyerarşi süreci, Standart skorlama fonksiyonu

Evaluation of quality of agricultural soils with geostatistical modeling

Abstract

Sustainability
in agricultural production is one of the issues that are given more importance
in recent years. In this context, to know the current situation of soils and to
determine and improve the inappropriate soil properties are the most important
step. Although any impact to the current situation doesn’t appear in a short
period, it will be reflected to the soil quality as positive or negative for a
long time. For this reason, it is aimed to determine soil quality and spatial distribution
map by considering the productivity levels of the soils in the Yumurtalık
county center and its vicinity in the coastal area of Çukurova region, Turkey.
pH, electrical conductivity, lime, cation exchange capacity, organic matter,
sand, silt and clay values of the soils for this purpose were taken into
consideration as the productivity indicator of 110 points which were randomly
determined in the study area which was previously surveyed. The soil quality
index was determined by giving weight with analytic hierarchy process to
scoring indicators with standard scoring functions. In this study, soil quality
classes of approximately 7694 ha of land were obtained and mapped with
geostatistical modeling. Soils with medium quality were determined with 68.3%
at most in the soils evaluated in five classes in terms of quality  levels. On the other hand, very low quality
soils showed only 1.1% of the study area with 82 ha. Soils identified as very
high quality weren’t in the study area. The determination of the quality of the
soils in the study area in the following years and revealing the changes taking
place over time are very important in terms of ensuring sustainability in
agriculture.

Keywords

Productivity, soil quality, analytic hierarchy process, standard scoring Function, geostatistic

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