Relationships between pyridaben resistance ratio and esterase, GST and P450 monooxygenase enzyme in Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 201 - 208, 21.06.2024

Gizem Berber Tortop , Sibel Yorulmaz

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1416292

Abstract

The two-spotted spider mite [Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)] is a pest organism that feeds on various plant species and has become a serious problem in the agricultural sector. Chemical control methods are often preferred in the control against this pest. METI acaricides are among the commonly used chemicals. In the study, the T. urticae (GSS) population was selected 10 fold with pyridaben. In the experiments, LC50 values were determined as 1 control + 7 concentrations, 3 replicates for each concentration and 25 individuals in each replicate. Dead live counts were determined after 24 hours. In addition, esterase, P450 monooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities were determined in pyridaben-selected T. urticae under
laboratory conditions using a microplate reader. It was found that the resistance rate increased 64.2-fold when the T. urticae (GSS) population was selected 10 folds with pyridaben. The esterase activities were 10.38, 11.45, 17.82 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein; P450 monooxygenase activities were 0.0018, 0.0033 and 0.0068 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein; GST activities were 3.0, 3.1 and 3.5 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively, in the initial, Selection 5 (S5) and Selection 10 (S10) populations. These results suggest that esterase and monooxygenase enzymes may play a role in the pest's resistance to pyridaben. Regular monitoring of the susceptibility levels of pest organisms and controlling resistance is an important step to maintain productivity and plant health in agricultural production.

Keywords

resistance, chemical control, METI acaricides, Tetranychus urticae, Detoxification enzymes

Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)’de pyridaben direnç oranı ve esteraz, GST ve P450 monooksijenaz enzim ilişkileri

Abstract

İki noktalı kırmızıörümcek [Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)], çeşitli bitki türlerinde beslenen ve tarım ürünlerinde ekonomik kayıp oluşturan zararlı organizmalardan biridir. Bu zararlının mücadelesinde sıklıkla sentetik kimyasalların kullanımı tercih edilmektedir. METI akarisitleri, yaygın olarak kullanılan kimyasal maddeler arasındadır. Yapılan çalışmada, T. urticae (GSS) popülasyonu pyridaben ile 10 kez selekte edilmiştir. Denemelerde LC50 değerleri, 1 kontrol+7 konsantrasyon, her konsantrasyon için 3 tekerrür ve her tekerrürde 25 birey olacak şekilde belirlenmiştir. Ölü canlı sayımları 24 saat sonra yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, laboratuvar koşullarında pyridaben ile selekte edilmiş T. urticae bireylerinde mikro plaka okuyucu kullanarak esteraz, P450 monooksijenaz ve glutatyon S-transferaz (GST) enzim aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. T. urticae (GSS) popülasyonunun pyridaben ile 10 kez selekte edilmesi sonucu direnç oranının 64.2 kat arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Başlangıç, Seleksiyon 5 (S5) ve Seleksiyon 10 (S10) popülasyonlarında esteraz aktiviteleri sırasıyla 10.38, 11.45, 17.82 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein; P450 monooksijenaz aktiviteleri 0.0018, 0.0033 ve 0.0068 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein; GST aktiviteleri ise 3.0, 3.1 ve 3.5 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, zararlının pyridaben etken maddesine karşı direnç geliştirmesinde esteraz ve monooksijenaz enzimlerinin rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Zararlı organizmaların duyarlılık düzeylerinin düzenli olarak izlenmesi ve direncin kontrol altına alınması, tarımsal üretimde verimliliği ve bitki sağlığını korumak adına oldukça önemli bir adımdır.

Keywords

Detoksifikasyon, direnç, kimyasal mücadele, METI akarisitleri, Tetranychus urticae

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