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IN THE MECMŪ‘ FĪ ’L-FİLĀHA (TRADATO DE AGRICULTURA) BOOK OF AGRICULTURIST PHYSICIAN ABDURRAHMAN IBNI WAFID FROM THE ANDALUSIA SCHOOL OF AGRONOMY: THE OLIVE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 66 - 75, 24.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.51973/head.984087

Abstract

Abdurahman İbni Wafid [998 (1008) – 1074 (Toledo, Spain)], a distinguished place in the history of science as a botanist and pharmacist (pharmacologist) also medicine physician, is one of the key figures of the Andalusian Agronomy School with his agronomist (agronomist) activities. This person, also known as Abenguefith in medieval Europe, wrote a work called Mecmū‘ fī ’l-filāḥa (A Document on Agriculture) in the field of agriculture, and unfortunately the full Arabic original of this manuscript is lost. The Spanish (Castellano) translation of this book was made under the name Tradato de Agricultura during the reign of Alfonso X El Sabio (1252-1284). This Spanish text was published in 1997 by C. Caudrado Romero (Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Department of Linguistics) at the University of Malaga, Spain, with the necessary notes added. In this article, the current chapter 73 of this printed text, including olive oil and table olive production (agricultural tecnology), is discussed. According to the present manuscript, olive technologyy-related issues are grouped into two main groups: 1. The improvement of the smelly (sedimentary) olive oil (use of salt, heating and leaves) and 2. Table olive production (brine and rolling/saddle). The aim of this study is to inform the Turkish scientific community about one of the oldest written agricultural resources from Muslim Spain (Andalusia), which belongs to the roots of the olive culture from the past to the future and has a distinguished place in the history of science. This agricultural text written in the middle ages, contains remarkable information on the preservation of the quality of natural olive oil, as a halal food source, as well as against possible fraud and adulteration. 

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

Thanks

OK

References

  • Bakır A., ‘‘Ortaçağ İslam Dünyasında Itriyat, Gıda, İlaç Üretimi ve Tağşişi’’, 2000, Ankara. 340 Sayfa. ISBN 9758201085.
  • Dıraman H.,“An overview of agricultural sources written in the medieval Islamic world’’, 2002, Newsletter of Ibn Sina Academy. Vol 2 (4): 7–14, Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh, India.
  • Dıraman H., “An Overview of Some Important Agricultural Sciences Medieval Sources on the History of Olive Cultivation (Oral Presantation). 1st International Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Symposium for the History of Science in Islam 13-15 June 2019, İstanbul/Turkey Proceedings Book 437 – 448 https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/CAD02B9115C74333A74BE91434DCBF42
  • De Herrera Gabriel Alonso, “Obra de Agricultura Paperback (Alcalá Arnao Guillén de Brocar,1513)’’, 1979, Thomas F. Glick (Editor) Valencia, Hispaniae Scientia.
  • El-Faiz, M. 1996.,‘‘L'apport des traites agronomiques hispano-arabes a 1'histoire economique d'al-Andalus.’’ Pages 403-433 in E. Garcia Sanchez, ed., Ciencias de la Naturaleza en al-Andalus, C.S.I.C., Granada.
  • Fairchild Ruggles, D. “Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain”, 2000, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Hehn V.,‘‘Zeytin, Üzüm, İncir, Kültür Tarihi Eskizleri’’, 1998, Dost Kitabevi. Ankara. 111 sayfa. ISBN 9757501310008.
  • Hernández Bermejo JE, García Sánchez E., ‘‘Economic Botany and Ethnobotany in Al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula: Tenth-Fifteenth Centuries), an Unknown Heritage of Mankind’’, Economic Botany, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 1998), pp. 15-26.
  • Ibn Wafid, Abd Al Rahman,“Tradato de Agricultura. Traduccion Castellana (Ms.S.XIV)”, 1997, C. Cuadrado Romero,ed. Analecta Malacitana. Anajo 14.Malaga, Spain.
  • Vernet, J. and Samsó, J., ‘‘Panorama de la ciencia andalusí en el siglo XI’. In: Actas de las Jornadas de Cultura Arabe e Islámica (1978)’’, 1981, Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, 1981, pp. 135-163.
  • Özdemir, M., ‘‘Endülüs’’ 2014, İSAM Yayınları 155 Temel Kültür Dizisi 29. İstanbul
  • Watson A M., “Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World”, 1983, Cambridge University Press.

ENDÜLÜS AGRONOMİ OKULUNDAN ZİRAATÇİ BİR HEKİM ABDURAHMAN İBNİ VAFİD’İN MECMŪ‘ FĪ ’L-FİLĀHA (TRADATO DE AGRICULTURA) ESERİNDE ZEYTİN İŞLEME TEKNOLOJİSİ

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 66 - 75, 24.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.51973/head.984087

Abstract

Hekim kimliğinin yanında, botanikçi ve eczacı (farmakolojist) olarak bilim tarihinde seçkin bir yere sahip olan Abdurahman İbni Vafid 998 (1008) – 1074 (Toledo, İspanya); aynı zamanda taşıdığı agronomist (tarım bilimci) faaliyetleri ile Endülüs Agronomi Okulu’nun anahtar şahsiyetlerinden biridir. Orta Çağ Avrupası’nda Abenguefith adıyla da bilinen bu zat, tarım alanında da Mecmū‘ fī ’l-filāḥa (Ziraat hakkında Bir Doküman) adıyla bir eser yazmış olup, maalesef bu eserin tam Arapça orijinali kayıptır. Bu kitabın İspanyolca (Castellano) tercümesi Tradato de Agricultura adı altında Alfonso X El Sabio (1252-1284) hükümdarlığı döneminde yapılmıştır. Bu İspanyolca metin 1997 yılında İspanya’daki Malaga Üniversitesinde C. Caudrado Romero (Felsefe ve Edebiyat Fakültesi, Dilbilimi Bölümü) tarafından gerekli notlar ilave edilmek suretiyle yayınlanmıştır. Bu makalede, adı geçen bu basılı metinin zeytinyağı ve sofralık zeytin üretimini (tarımsal teknoloji) içeren mevcut 73. bölümü ele alınmıştır. Mevcut yazmaya göre zeytin teknolojisine ilişkin konular iki ana başlık: 1. Kötü kokulu (tortulu) zeytinyağının iyileştirilmesi [tuz, ısıtma ve yaprak kullanımı] ve 2. Yemeklik (Sofralık) zeytin üretimi [salamura ve yuvarlama/sele]) altında incelemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geçmişten geleceğe uzanan zeytincilik kültürünün köklerine ait ve bilim tarihinde de seçkin bir yere sahip olan Müslüman İspanya’dan (Endülüs) gelen en eski yazılı tarım kaynaklarından biri hakkında Türk bilim camiasına bilgi vermektir. Orta Çağ’da yazılan bu zirai eser, helal bir gıda kaynağı olarak natürel zeytinyağının kalitesinin korunması ve ayrıca muhtemel hile ve tağşişlere karşı dikkate değer bilgileri kapsamaktadır.

Project Number

YOK

References

  • Bakır A., ‘‘Ortaçağ İslam Dünyasında Itriyat, Gıda, İlaç Üretimi ve Tağşişi’’, 2000, Ankara. 340 Sayfa. ISBN 9758201085.
  • Dıraman H.,“An overview of agricultural sources written in the medieval Islamic world’’, 2002, Newsletter of Ibn Sina Academy. Vol 2 (4): 7–14, Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh, India.
  • Dıraman H., “An Overview of Some Important Agricultural Sciences Medieval Sources on the History of Olive Cultivation (Oral Presantation). 1st International Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Symposium for the History of Science in Islam 13-15 June 2019, İstanbul/Turkey Proceedings Book 437 – 448 https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/CAD02B9115C74333A74BE91434DCBF42
  • De Herrera Gabriel Alonso, “Obra de Agricultura Paperback (Alcalá Arnao Guillén de Brocar,1513)’’, 1979, Thomas F. Glick (Editor) Valencia, Hispaniae Scientia.
  • El-Faiz, M. 1996.,‘‘L'apport des traites agronomiques hispano-arabes a 1'histoire economique d'al-Andalus.’’ Pages 403-433 in E. Garcia Sanchez, ed., Ciencias de la Naturaleza en al-Andalus, C.S.I.C., Granada.
  • Fairchild Ruggles, D. “Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain”, 2000, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Hehn V.,‘‘Zeytin, Üzüm, İncir, Kültür Tarihi Eskizleri’’, 1998, Dost Kitabevi. Ankara. 111 sayfa. ISBN 9757501310008.
  • Hernández Bermejo JE, García Sánchez E., ‘‘Economic Botany and Ethnobotany in Al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula: Tenth-Fifteenth Centuries), an Unknown Heritage of Mankind’’, Economic Botany, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 1998), pp. 15-26.
  • Ibn Wafid, Abd Al Rahman,“Tradato de Agricultura. Traduccion Castellana (Ms.S.XIV)”, 1997, C. Cuadrado Romero,ed. Analecta Malacitana. Anajo 14.Malaga, Spain.
  • Vernet, J. and Samsó, J., ‘‘Panorama de la ciencia andalusí en el siglo XI’. In: Actas de las Jornadas de Cultura Arabe e Islámica (1978)’’, 1981, Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, 1981, pp. 135-163.
  • Özdemir, M., ‘‘Endülüs’’ 2014, İSAM Yayınları 155 Temel Kültür Dizisi 29. İstanbul
  • Watson A M., “Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World”, 1983, Cambridge University Press.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Harun Dıraman 0000-0002-7431-7524

Mehmet Ulas 0000-0001-6777-4922

Project Number YOK
Publication Date December 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dıraman, H., & Ulas, M. (2021). ENDÜLÜS AGRONOMİ OKULUNDAN ZİRAATÇİ BİR HEKİM ABDURAHMAN İBNİ VAFİD’İN MECMŪ‘ FĪ ’L-FİLĀHA (TRADATO DE AGRICULTURA) ESERİNDE ZEYTİN İŞLEME TEKNOLOJİSİ. Helal Ve Etik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(2), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.51973/head.984087

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