Belâgat ve Edebî Tenkit Terimlerinin Teşekkülü Üzerine Bir Bibliyografya Denemesi I

İsa Güceyüz

doi:10.14395/hititilahiyat.685217

Other

A Bibliography Trial on the Formation of Rhetoric and Literary Criticism Terms I

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 477 - 508, 30.06.2020

İsa Güceyüz

https://doi.org/10.14395/hititilahiyat.685217

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bibliography research is significant
for scientific progress since they are mirroring the previous accumulation of
the studies in one piece. Although rhetoric (balaqat) and literary criticism (naqd) are important elements of Arab literature, no bibliography
research has been conducted about balaqat
and naqd in the Turkish language.
This study aims to investigate rhetorical and literary criticism studies in the
Arab world by looking at a large number of scientific works. There are
uncountable studies including balaqat
and naqd; therefore, this study
analyzes only some part of the existing literature involving the formation of
these two terms. Following steps
illustrate the methodological process: first, electronic libraries were
searched; second, the bibliography studies on rhetoric and literacy criticism terms
were examined comparatively based on their formation; and third, a total of 213
studies related to balaqat and naqd terms including 10 books, 10 Ph.D. theses,
33 master's thesis, 17 symposium papers and 143 articles were included. The selected
studies were examined in five categories as doctoral theses, master's theses,
symposium papers and articles that can be also separated into two categories
regarding the subject of the manuscripts as periodical/historical studies and the
studies including the rhetoricians' perspectives on this topic. This study also
provides background information about the theses and articles such as author,
supervisor, country, and journal names. The results show that the majority of
the studies are conducted in North Africa countries (Maghreb) and Jordan. It is
also be found that the studies on the formation of rhetoric and literary
criticism date back to the early 1970s.

Summary

The bibliography is the
study that specifies the names, publication years, page numbers and publication
places for books, articles, or other scientific studies previously written in a
specific field. In other words, it is the compilation of works that gathers
together the imprint information of the studies carried out in certain fields
of discipline. Such works generally aim to systematically transfer existing
scientific knowledge to the next generations. Rhetoric (Balaqat) is a
discipline that includes literary principles and literary arts such as maānī, bayān and bādi. As for literary
criticism or naqd; it is the discipline that deals with the examination
and analysis of a work of art or a work of literature according to specified
criteria.

This study focuses on the
studies written about the formation of rhetoric and literary criticism terms
because it is possible to explain the historical development of discipline only
by revealing its literature and terminology development. This study also presents
the stages through which terms of rhetoric gained their current forms, and from
which social environment and philosophy the concepts benefited during their
formation. This study sheds light on issues such as the abundance of rhetoric
terms, the problem of meaning and indication and the problem of naming.
Although certain qualitative studies on rhetoric and literary criticism have
been done in Arab countries, the studies in our country are quite limited.
Moreover, there aren’t any studies done on bibliography in the Arab countries,
which presents the literature in this field. The materials about the formation
of rhetoric and literary criticism terms are discussed in five categories;
namely, books, doctoral and master's theses, symposium papers and articles. In
this study; 213 studies are given a place in total, including 10 books, 10
doctoral theses, 33 master’s theses, 17 symposium papers and 143 articles
related to the terms of rhetoric and literary criticism. Also, information is
given about who the advisor of an academic thesis is. The volume and issue
numbers and information about the year of the journals in which the articles
were published are also presented. The study has been prepared alphabetically
to provide easy access to researchers.

In our study, we first
discussed the separate books written in this field. The separate books were written
on the formation of terms of rhetoric and literary criticism covering topics
such as the structures of rhetoric terms until the Hijri third century, the theory
and the practice dimension, and the scholars’ rhetoric understanding. It is
seen that these separate works, which are mostly voluminous, discuss the
subjects in detail. Some separate works were formed by means of compiling or
expanding articles or theses. In this study, secondly, doctoral theses are
given place. Doctoral studies address the rhetoric terms mostly in age or
person. In this context, it is possible to mention scholars such as Ibn Sinân al-Hafâcî and Abd
el-Kâhir al-Curcani. In the third category, we examined the master's
theses. We can say that master's studies we have reached, which are more than
thirty, are more diverse than doctoral theses in terms of subject. The
rhetoricians and their understanding of terms are separately discussed. In
these studies, a scholar’s term method is discussed in detail rather than how a
term has been formed historically. As for periodical studies, they tried to
make a general evaluation about which characteristic features the terms have
had, and in which periods. In this direction, some classifications have been
made. In almost all works, it was emphasized that rhetoric did not have a
homogeneous structure in its early periods. Likewise, how other sciences apart
from rhetoric contributed to the development of rhetoric terms is another
subject discussed in the studies. In the fourth group, we discussed the
symposium papers. It is seen that these papers are generally presented in
symposiums with specific themes related to rhetoric, literary criticism and
literature. In the fifth and the last category, we have discussed articles
written within the field. This section is the one that provides a lot more
literature than others on the formation of terms for rhetoric and literary
criticism. A great deal of variety is observed in terms of the issues addressed
in these articles. In the articles, the emergence of some rhetoric terms is
separately discussed. Furthermore, issues such as the reasons for the abundance
of rhetoric terms, the indication problem of the terms, the factors and
processes that affect the formation of the term, and the variation experienced
in the understandings of terms were also touched upon.

It is seen that the vast
majority of the studies were written in Maghreb countries and Jordan. Each
category has been evaluated within itself and their remarkable characteristics
have been conveyed. Studies related to rhetoric arts, which are not directly
related to the formation of terms, are not included in this study. However, if
the historical process of that branch of art is mentioned when dealing with
art, it is included in the bibliography study. Arabic, English and Turkish
literature have been reviewed, studies in Arab countries being in the first
place. Firstly, the works were electronically scanned, the content
compatibility of the works reached was checked, and then the bibliographies of
the works were comparatively examined. In this research, it has been tried to
put forward that some studies in the same field are not aware of the previous
studies or ignore them. It is possible to take back the studies on the terms of
rhetoric and literary criticism until the early 1970s. Our research aims to
provide systematic literature information to researchers who will study
rhetoric terms. The research has been completed with the findings-evaluation
chapter, where a general evaluation on the study was made, and the
bibliography.

Keywords

Arabic Language, Rhetoric, Literary Criticism, Bibliography, Rhetoric Terms, Literary Criticism Terms, Balaqat, Naqd

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