Yüksek voltajlı iletim hattı kamulaştırmalarında irtifak bedelinin hesaplanması için yeni bir yöntem önerisi

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 1 - 18, 03.05.2024

Seda Nur Marabaoğlu , Bayram Uzun

https://doi.org/10.9733/JGG.2024R0001.T

Abstract

Taşınmazlar üzerinden geçen yüksek voltajlı iletim hatları (YVİH) için irtifak kamulaştırması yapılmaktadır. Bu uygulama, 2942 sayılı Kamulaştırma Kanunu’nun yetersiz olması sebebiyle Yargıtay kararlarıyla yürütülmektedir. Her bir uygulama için yeni bir karar çıkarılmaktadır. Bu kararlar içinden, karşılaşılan yeni bir durumun çözümüne yönelik uygun hükmü aramak iş gücü ve zaman kaybı oluşturmaktadır. Taşınmaz değerini olumsuz etkileyen YVİH faktörleri ve bu faktörlerin değeri etkileme dereceleri de açık ve kesin değildir. Bu belirsizlik, irtifak bedelinin eksik veya fazla hesaplanmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; yerli ve yabancı gayrimenkul değerleme uzmanlarıyla yapılan görüşmeler, ulusal ve uluslararası anket çalışmaları (20 farklı ülkeden katılımcı), Yargıtay kararları ve bilirkişi raporlarının incelemesi ile hâkim ve avukatlarla yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda YVİH’nin taşınmaz değerini etkileyen faktörler belirlenmiştir. Bu faktörler Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi kullanılarak ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Böylelikle, irtifak bedelini otomatik olarak hesaplayan bir YVİH etki-değer modeli geliştirilmiştir. Node.js, Electron, TypeScript, React, Ant Design ve Webpack kullanılarak bu otomasyon modelinin arayüz yazılımı yapılmıştır. Model, Türkiye’deki çeşitli illerden toplanan 60 bilirkişi raporuyla test edilmiştir. Bu raporların 10 tanesi çalışmada örnek olarak gösterilmiştir. Otomasyon modeline göre, bilirkişi raporlarındaki yanılma oranı en az %17.21 ve en fazla %84.56 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu model, irtifak bedeli hesaplanmasında bir standart sağlayarak bu bedelin eksik veya fazla tespit edilmesi sorununu önemli ölçüde ortadan kaldıracaktır. İrtifak bedelinin tespitinde, kullanıcıların adım adım takip edebileceği tanımlı bir iş akış şeması mevcut olmadığı için hukuki süreçte karışıklık ve zaman kaybı meydana gelmektedir. Bu eksikliği gidermek içim, hâkim ve avukatlarla değerlendirmeler yapılarak irtifak kamulaştırma uygulamalarındaki hukuki prosedürü hızlandıracak bir iş akış şeması oluşturulmuş ve çalışmada sunulmuştur.

Keywords

İrtifak kamulaştırması, İrtifak bedeli, Değer düşüklüğü oranı, Yüksek voltajlı iletim hatları, Analitik hiyerarşi yöntemi

A new method proposal for calculating the easement price in high-voltage transmission line expropriations

Abstract

Easement expropriation is carried out for high voltage transmission lines (HVTL) passing over real estates. This practice is guided by the Supreme Court decisions due to the inadequacy of the Expropriation Law No. 2942. A new decision is made for each application. Among these decisions, searching for an appropriate provision to address a newly encountered situation results in both labor and time loss. HVTL factors that negatively affect the value of real estate and the degree to which these factors affect the value are not clear and certain. This uncertainty causes easement price to be underestimated or overestimated. In the study, the factors affecting the real estate value of HVTL were determined as a result of interviews with local and foreign real estate appraisers, national and international surveys (with participants from 20 countries), review of Supreme Court decisions and expert reports, and evaluations with judges and lawyers. These factors were weighted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Thus, a HVTL impact-value model was developed that automatically calculates the easement price. The interface software for this automation model was created using Node.js, Electron, TypeScript, React, Ant Design and Webpack. The model was tested with 60 expert reports collected from various provinces in Turkey. 10 of these reports are shown as examples in the study. According to the automation model, the error rate in expert reports was found to be at least 17.21% and at most 84.56%. This model will provide a standard in calculating the easement price and will significantly eliminate the problem of under- or over-determination of this price. Since there is no defined workflow chart that users can follow step by step in determining the easement price, confusion and loss of time occur in the legal process. In order to eliminate this deficiency, evaluations were made with judges and lawyers and a workflow chart that would speed up the legal procedure in easement expropriation applications was created and presented in the study.

Keywords

Easement expropriation, Easement price, Impairment rate, High voltage transmission lines, Analytical hierarchy process

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