Negative Polarity Items, DPs and Phase Sliding

Year 2021, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 18 - 40, 30.06.2021

Murat Özgen

https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.802012

Abstract

A negative polarity item (henceforth, NPI) needs a licensor and it may be an overt negation, question force, or a conditional clause (Benmamoun, 1997; Kelepir, 2001; Kumar, 2006; Kural, 1997; Laka, 2013; Mahajan, 1990; Vasishth, 1999). Studies on NPI literature abound and various studies have suggested various licensing conditions of NPIs. However, literature on the licensing conditions of NPIs can be grouped under two major titles. One of them is clausemateness (Choe, 1988; Kelepir, 2001; Muraki, 1978), which basically requires that NPIs and negation be in the same clausal domain. On the other side of the coin stands a more recent account, i.e. phasemateness (Kayabaşı & Özgen 2018; Yamashita, 2003), which states that NPIs must be spelt out within the same domain in which negation exists. Given the two accounts, only phasemateness can predict the behaviors of NPIs in full finite CPs, whereas none of those accounts can predict the grammaticality of nominal DP domains in Turkish with a negative licensor outside of the spell-out domain of the same DP. I attempted to discuss this problem at length, and show that the structural hierarchy within Turkish DPs is somewhat tricky. I will follow Gallego (2010) and Chomsky (2001) and assume that there is phase sliding within DPs, thus NPIs are also licensed within the same domain on the grounds of weak phase impenetrability condition ‘PIC’ (a.k.a. PIC2). The system I will propose here is also borne out by other independent factors such as binding and embedding in Turkish.

Keywords

NPI, DP, Phase Sliding, Full Finite CP, Spell Out

Olumsuz Kutup Birimleri, BelÖ ve Evre Kaydırımı

Abstract

Olumsuz kutup birimleri (buradan sonra, OKB) kendisini yetkilendiren bir dilsel anlatım gerektirir. Bu dilsel anlatım, olumsuzluk, soru kipi ya da bir koşul tümcesi olabilir (Benmamoun, 1997; Kelepir, 2001; Kumar, 2006; Kural, 1997; Laka, 2013; Mahajan, 1990; Vasishth, 1999). OKB alanyazınındaki çalışmaların sayısı çok olmakla birlikte, çeşitli çalışmalar OKB’lerin yetkilendirilmesiyle ilgili farklı koşullar sunmuştur. Bununla beraber, OKB’lerin yetkilendirilmelerini açıklayan alanyazın iki temel başlık altında toplanabilir. Bunlardan birisi, temelde OKB ve olumsuzluğun aynı tümcesel alanda olmasını koşullayan tümcedeşlik koşuludur (Choe, 1988; Kelepir, 2001; Muraki, 1978). Diğeri ise, daha güncel bir yaklaşım olan evredeşliktir ve OKB ile olumsuzluğun aynı alan içerisinde dağıtıma yollanmasını öngörür (Kayabaşı & Özgen 2018; Yamashita, 2003). Bu iki yaklaşımı ele alırsak, yalnızca evredeşliğin tam çekimli TÖ’lerde yer alan OKB’lerin davranışlarını ve dağılımlarını açıklayabildiği görülür. Buna karşın, bu iki yaklaşımdan hiçbiri dağıtım alanı dışındaki bir olumsuzluk biriminin BelÖ dağıtım alanı içinde yer alan bir OKB’yi nasıl yetkilendirdiğini açıklayamaz. Biz öncelikle bu sorunu etraflıca tartışıp Türkçe BelÖ’lerin içyapısının göründüğünden daha karmaşık olduğunu gösterdik. Sonrasında, Gallego (2010) ve Chomsky’i (2001) izleyerek BelÖ’de evre kaydırımı gerçekleştiğini ve OKB’lerin bu sayede güçsüz evre girimsizliği koşulu ‘EGK’ (yani, EGK2) çerçevesinde çerçevesinde yetkilendirildiğini savladık. Burada önerdiğimiz sistem, bağlama ve içe yerleştirme gibi Türkçedeki bağımsız başkaca dilbilgisel verileri de açıklayabilmektedir.

Keywords

OKB, Evre kaydırımı, BelÖ, EGK, Tam Çekimli TÖ, Dağıtım

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