Almanya’daki Suriyeli Mültecilerin İltica Ve Uyum Süreçleri

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 19, 93 - 115, 15.03.2022

İhsan Cetin

https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1039470

Abstract

Artan küresel eşitsizlik, siyasi istikrarsızlar ve diğer sebeplere bağlı olarak, göçmen ve mültecilerin yoğunlukla oluşturduğu uluslararası göç hareketleri günümüz sosyal bilimlerin başlıca konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Bu makale ülkelerinde 2011’den bu yana devam eden şiddetli iç savaş sebebiyle Almanya’ya sığınmış Suriyeli mültecileri incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, sığınma başvuruları süreçleri, ülke tercihleri, yerleşme gibi iltica süreci aşamaları ilk olarak irdelenmektedir. Ardından, Alman toplumuna uyum süreçleri, dil öğrenim becerileri, işgücüne katılımları, sosyal ve kültürel değişmeleri, aile birleşimleri, kadının statüsü konuları analiz edilmektedir. Son olarak, Suriyelilerin Almanya’da kalıcılaşma ihtimalleri ve eğilimleri tartışılmaktadır. Tartışmalar küresel yerinden edilmiş nüfus olgusu ve mülteci akını gibi üst başlıklar bağlamında yapılmaktadır. Makalede yapılan tartışmalar yazar tarafından Suriyeli mülteciler üzerine Almanya’da gerçekleştirilen saha çalışmasına dayanmaktadır. 

Keywords

Suriyeli mülteciler, Mülteci krizi, Yeriden edilmiş nüfus, Almanya

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

2219 Destek programı

Asylum and Integration Processes of Syrian Refugees in Germany

Abstract

Due to increasing global inequality, political instability and other reasons, international migration movements, which are mostly composed of immigrants and refugees, have become one of the main topics of today's social sciences. This article examines Syrian refugees who have taken refuge in Germany due to the ongoing civil war in Syria since 2011. In this context, I examine topics such as asylum application, country preferences, asylums process stages, settlement steps firstly. Then, I analyze integration processes of Syrians with German society, language-learning skills, labor-force participation, social and cultural changes, family reunifications and status of women. Finally, I discuss the possibilities and tendencies of Syrians for remaining permanent in Germany. The arguments are made within the context of the globally displaced population and flows of immigrants and refugees around the world. Analyses made in the article are based on the field study conducted by the author on Syrian refugees in Germany.

Keywords

Syrian refugees, Germany, refugee crisis, displaced people

Project Number

2219 Destek programı

References

• Avrupa’da en çok sığınmacı kabul eden ülkeler hangileri? (2018). Euronews. https://tr.euronews.com/2018/06/29/avrupa-da-en-cok-siginmaci-kabul-eden-ulkeler-hangileri-
• Bamf. (2018). 2009-2018 arası Almanya’ya iltica eden Suriyeli sayısı. http://www.bamf.de
• Bamf.de. (2019a). Forms of protection. federal office for migration and refugees. https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/AsylFluechtlingsschutz/AblaufAsylverfahrens/Schutzformen/schutzformen-node.html
• Bamf.de. (2019b). The content and stages of the procedure. federal office for migration and refugees. https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/Integration/ZugewanderteTeilnehmende/Integrationskurse/InhaltAblauf/inhaltablauf-node.html.
• Bartram, D., Poros, M.V., Monforte, P. (2017). Göç meselesinde temel kavramlar. İstanbul: Hece yayınları.
• Bundesarztekammer.de. (2018). Auslandische arztinnen und arzte. bundesarztekammer. https://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/ueber-uns/aerztestatistik/aerztestatistik-2018/auslaendische-aerztinnen-und-aerzte/
• Der bundesadler. (2015). Sommerpresskonferenz von bundeskanzlerin merkel. 31. Aug. 2015. https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/pressekonferenzen/sommerpressekonferenz-von-bundeskanzlerin-merkel-848300.
• Der bundeswahlleiter. (2017). 2017 Bundeswahlleiter. https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2017/ergebnisse/bund-99.html.
• Destatista.de. (2018). Federal costs in Germany for refugees and asylum from 2018-2023. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/665598/umfrage/kosten-des-bundes-in-deutschland-durch-die-fluechtlingskrise/
• Destatista.de. (2018). Anzahl der ausländer aus syrien in Deutschland von 2010 bis 2020. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/463384/umfrage/auslaender-aus-syrien-in-deutschland/
• Destatis.de. (2019). Germany with second lowest unemployment rate in the eu. https://www.destatis.de/Europa/EN/Topic/Population-Labour-Social-Issues/Labour-market/EULabourMarketCrisis.html
• DW (2018). Family reunification for refugees resumes in Germany. Dw. https://www.dw.com/en/family-reunification-for-refugees-resumes-in-germany/a-44903743
• DW (2021). Almanya Seçimlerinde Geçici Resmi Sonuçlar Açıklandı. https://www.dw.com/tr/almanya-se%C3%A7imlerinde-ge%C3%A7ici-resmi-sonu%C3%A7lar-a%C3%A7%C4%B1kland%C4%B1/a-59321747
• Groll, T. & Schuler, A. (2018). Was schon geschafft ist –und was nicht- zeit online. https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2019-06/fluechtlinge-integration-arbeitsmarkt-sprachkurse-wohnungen-daten#wie-viele-gefluechtete-haben-einen-job
• Hayden, S. (2019). Syrian refugees unwanted in Germany, afraid to go home. Irish times. 07.08.2019. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/syrian-refugees-unwanted-in-germany-afraid-to-go-home-1.3978624
• Liebig, T. (2018). Dreifach benachteiligt? ein erster überblick über die integration weiblicher flüchtlinge. Paris: OECD publisching.
• Macgregor, M. (2018). The asylum seekers’ benefits act. informigrants. 30.05.2018. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/9560/the-asylum-seekers-benefits-act
• Macgregor, M. (2019). Germany: refugee number in context. infomigrants. 20.06.2019. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/17641/germany-refugee-numbers-in-context
• Petzinger, J. (2018). More than 300,000 refugees have now found jobs in germany. quartz. https://qz.com/1364947/more-than-300000-refugees-have-now-found-jobs-in-germany/
• Statista. (2020). Avrupa ülkelerinde Suriyeli mültecilerin dağılımı. https://www.statista.com/statistics/740233/major-syrian-refugee-hosting-countriesworldwide/
• Statista. (2021). 2006-2021 yılları arası Almanya’ya sığınma başvuruları. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/76095/umfrage/asylantraege-insgesamt-indeutschland-seit-1995/
• Unhcr. (2015). A million refugees and migrants flee to europe in 2015. https://www.unhcr.org
• Unhcr. (2016). Global trends forced displacement in 2016. The UN refugee Agency. https://www.unhcr.org
• Unhcr. (2017). Global trends forced displacement in 2017. The UN refugee Agency. https://www.unhcr.org
• Unhcr. (2018a). Mid-year trends 2018. The UN refugee Agency. https://www.unhcr.org
• Unhcr. (2018b). Global trends force displacement in 2018. The UN refugee Agency. https://www.unhcr.org
• Unhcr. (2020). Global trends force displacement in 2020. The UN refugee Agency. https://www.unhcr.org
• Ec.europa.eu. (2019). Asylum applications (non-eu) in the eu-28 member states, 2008-2018. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_statistics.
• Worbs, S., Rother, N. & Kreienbrink, A. (2019). Syrische migranten in Deutschland als bedeutsame neue bevölkerungsgruppe. informationsdienst soziale indikatoren, 61, 2-6.
• Worldbank (2020). Refugee population by country or territory of asylum- European Union. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.REFG?locations=EU