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Sepiyolit / Bentonit Killerin Saflaştırılması ve Yapısal Karakterizasyonu

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 10 - 21, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.46578/humder.1411500

Abstract

Gelişen teknoloji ile birçok alanda polimer sektörüne talep artırmıştır. Ancak polimer üretim prosesinin bazı kısımlarında üretim aksaklıkları meydana gelmektedir. Bu aksaklıklar yüksek üretim hızlarından dolayı düzensiz akış, torku birikmesi, yüzeyde dalgalanma gibi üretim verimliliğini ve kalitesini düşürmektedir. Üretim hızı ve kalitenin düşmesi maddi kayıplara sebep olmaktadır. Üretim esnasında akış kararsızlığını ve kanallarda biriken torku miktarını azaltmak için çeşitli yardımcı kimyasal maddeler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak akış istikrarsızlığını azaltmak için kullanılan kimyasal maddeler maliyetli ve sağlığa zararlı olduğu için doğal kaynaklardan alternatif çözümler aranmaktadır. Kaygan yapılarından dolayı killerin polimer üretim prosesine dahil edilmesi bu meseleye doğal bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken konu killerin direk kimyasallarla temas edilmeden önce başarılı bir şekilde saflaştırma işleminin gerçekleşmesidir. Saflaştırma işlemi ile, kil numenlerinin boyutları küçülerek uygulanacak diğer katkı maddeleri ile etkileşimi arttırılmış olur. Bu çalışmada, temin edilen sepiyolit kili ve sodyum bentonit kilinin asit ile seyreltilerek saflaştırma işlemi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen ürünlerin SEM/EDX, XRD ve FTIR spektrumlarına bakıldığında ürünün fiziksel ve morfolojik özelliklerini anlamlı şekilde iyileştirdiği görülmüştür.

References

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  • B. Tan and N. L. Thomas, A review of the water barrier properties of polymer/clay and polymer/graphene nanocomposites. Journal of Membrane Science, 514: (2016) 595-612.
  • R., Salzer and H. W. Siesler, (Eds.). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging. John Wiley & Sons, (2014).
  • T. Kossentini Kallel, R. Taktak, N. Guermazi and N. Mnif, Mechanical and structural properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (PPGF) composites. Polymer Composites, 39: 10 (2018) 3497-3508.
  • W. Zhiming, Synthesis of chain-end functionalized polyolefins and fluoropolymers and applications in nanocomposites. The Pennsylvania State University, (2005).
  • B. Schampera, D. Tunega, R. Šolc, S. K. Woche, R. Mikutta, R. Wirth and S. Dultz, G. Guggenberger, (Eds). External surface structure of organoclays analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 478: (2016) 188-200.
  • S. Slobodan and O. Yukihiro, Raman, infrared, and near-infrared chemical imaging. John Wiley & Sons, (2011).
  • K. G. Sergei and K. L. A. Chan, ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging: recent advances and applications to biological systems. Analyst, 138:7 (2013) 1940-1951.
  • S. Hideyuki, M. J. Kazarıan and G. Sergei, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging analysis of partially miscible PMMA–PEG blends using two-dimensional disrelation mapping. Applied Spectroscopy, 71: 6 (2017) 1189-1197.
  • E. Reza, Poli (Vinil Alkol) Kil Nanokompozitlerinden Hibrit Hidrojel Hazırlanması, (2013).
  • T. Christian and R. Stephanie, Double resonant Raman scattering in graphite. Physical review letters, 85:24 (2000) 5214.
  • Z. Sevda, Gümüş İçeren Nanopartiküller Tuzlar ile Yüklü Montmorillonit Esaslı Nanokompozitlerin Geliştirilmesi ve Antikanser Özellikleri, (2013).
  • S. Gu, H. Liu, X. Li, C. Mercier, and Y. Li, (Eds.). Interfacial designing of PP/GF composites by binary incorporation of MAH-g-PP and lithium bis (trifloromethanesulfonyl) imide: towards high strength composites with excellent antistatic performance. Composites Science and Technology, 156: (2018) 247-253.
  • J. Madejová, FTIR techniques in clay mineral studies. Vibrational spectroscopy, 31:1 (2003) 1-10
  • H. A. Majid, Characterization of nano‐porous bentonite (montmorillonite) particles using FTIR and BET‐BJH analyses. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 28:3‐4 (2011) 71-76.
  • Ç. Muazzez, N. Karakaya, T. Abidin, Clay minerals in hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47: (1999) 708-717. Z. Ding, J. Sun and R. G. B. Zhu, Eolian origin of the red clay deposits in the Loess Plateau and implications for Pliocene climatic changes. Quaternary Sciences, 17:2 (1997) 147-157.
  • R. Reiner and H. Siesler, Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging. John Wiley & Sons, (2014).
  • M. V. Rodriguez, J. D. D. L. Gonzalez, M. B. Munoz, Acid activation of a Spanish sepiolite: physico-chemical characterization, free silica content and surface area of products obtained. Clay Minerals, 29:3 (1994) 361-367.
  • S. İşçi, Bentonit dispersiyonlarına organik ve inorganik katkıların adsorbsiyonunun reolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisi. PhD Thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2002).
  • R. A. Bedirhanoğlu, Organo-bentonit bileşiklerinin hazırlanması, karakterizasyonu ve p-kloro-fenolun çözeltiden adsorpsiyonunda kullanılması. Master's Thesis. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2009).
  • P. Sadanand, A comprehensive review on recent developments in bentonite-based materials used as adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 241: (2017) 1091-1113.
  • E. Ruiz-Hitzky, Molecular access to intracrystalline tunnels of sepiolite Basis of a presentation given at Materials Discussion No. 3, 24–26 September 2000, University of Cambridge, UK. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 11:1 (2001) 86-91.
  • T. Arasan Kil karakterizasyonunda ön işlemlerin etkisi ve uygulamaları. İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2015).
  • P. Komadel, Chemically modified smectites. Clay Minerals, 38:1 (2003) 127-138.
  • S. Korıchı, A. Elıas, A. Meftı, Characterization of smectite after acid activation with microwave irradiation. Applied Clay Science, 42:3-4 (2009) 432-438.
  • M.A. Darmawan, B. Z. Muhammad, A. F. P. Harahap, M. Y. A. Ramadhan, M. Sahlan, T. Supriyadi, S. Abd-Aziz and M. Gozan, Reduction of the acidity and peroxide numbers of tengkawang butter (Shorea stenoptera) using thermal and acid activated bentonites. Heliyon, (2020) 6:12
  • E. Kuru, M. Yayla, Ş. Demırci, Effect of Bentonite Composition on the Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids. In: VII. National Clay Symposium. Ankara, (1995).
  • Q. Tang, F. Wang, M. Tang, J. Liang, and C. Ren, Study on pore distribution and formation rule of sepiolite mineral nanomaterials. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012: (2012) 2-2.
  • G. Demircan, M. Kisa, M. Ozen, A. Acikgoz, Y. Işıker and E. Aytar, Nano-gelcoat application of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites for marine application: Structural, mechanical, and thermal analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 194: (2023) 115412.
  • G. Demircan, M. Ozen, M. Kisa, A. Acikgoz and Y. Işıker, The effect of nano-gelcoat on freeze-thaw resistance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite for marine applications. Ocean Engineering, 269: (2023) 113589.
Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 10 - 21, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.46578/humder.1411500

Abstract

References

  • Q. H. Zeng, A. B. Yu, G. Q. Lu and D. R. Paul, Clay-based polymer nanocomposites: research and commercial development. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 5: 10 (2005) 1574-1592.
  • B. Tan and N. L. Thomas, A review of the water barrier properties of polymer/clay and polymer/graphene nanocomposites. Journal of Membrane Science, 514: (2016) 595-612.
  • R., Salzer and H. W. Siesler, (Eds.). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging. John Wiley & Sons, (2014).
  • T. Kossentini Kallel, R. Taktak, N. Guermazi and N. Mnif, Mechanical and structural properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (PPGF) composites. Polymer Composites, 39: 10 (2018) 3497-3508.
  • W. Zhiming, Synthesis of chain-end functionalized polyolefins and fluoropolymers and applications in nanocomposites. The Pennsylvania State University, (2005).
  • B. Schampera, D. Tunega, R. Šolc, S. K. Woche, R. Mikutta, R. Wirth and S. Dultz, G. Guggenberger, (Eds). External surface structure of organoclays analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 478: (2016) 188-200.
  • S. Slobodan and O. Yukihiro, Raman, infrared, and near-infrared chemical imaging. John Wiley & Sons, (2011).
  • K. G. Sergei and K. L. A. Chan, ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging: recent advances and applications to biological systems. Analyst, 138:7 (2013) 1940-1951.
  • S. Hideyuki, M. J. Kazarıan and G. Sergei, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging analysis of partially miscible PMMA–PEG blends using two-dimensional disrelation mapping. Applied Spectroscopy, 71: 6 (2017) 1189-1197.
  • E. Reza, Poli (Vinil Alkol) Kil Nanokompozitlerinden Hibrit Hidrojel Hazırlanması, (2013).
  • T. Christian and R. Stephanie, Double resonant Raman scattering in graphite. Physical review letters, 85:24 (2000) 5214.
  • Z. Sevda, Gümüş İçeren Nanopartiküller Tuzlar ile Yüklü Montmorillonit Esaslı Nanokompozitlerin Geliştirilmesi ve Antikanser Özellikleri, (2013).
  • S. Gu, H. Liu, X. Li, C. Mercier, and Y. Li, (Eds.). Interfacial designing of PP/GF composites by binary incorporation of MAH-g-PP and lithium bis (trifloromethanesulfonyl) imide: towards high strength composites with excellent antistatic performance. Composites Science and Technology, 156: (2018) 247-253.
  • J. Madejová, FTIR techniques in clay mineral studies. Vibrational spectroscopy, 31:1 (2003) 1-10
  • H. A. Majid, Characterization of nano‐porous bentonite (montmorillonite) particles using FTIR and BET‐BJH analyses. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 28:3‐4 (2011) 71-76.
  • Ç. Muazzez, N. Karakaya, T. Abidin, Clay minerals in hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47: (1999) 708-717. Z. Ding, J. Sun and R. G. B. Zhu, Eolian origin of the red clay deposits in the Loess Plateau and implications for Pliocene climatic changes. Quaternary Sciences, 17:2 (1997) 147-157.
  • R. Reiner and H. Siesler, Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging. John Wiley & Sons, (2014).
  • M. V. Rodriguez, J. D. D. L. Gonzalez, M. B. Munoz, Acid activation of a Spanish sepiolite: physico-chemical characterization, free silica content and surface area of products obtained. Clay Minerals, 29:3 (1994) 361-367.
  • S. İşçi, Bentonit dispersiyonlarına organik ve inorganik katkıların adsorbsiyonunun reolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisi. PhD Thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2002).
  • R. A. Bedirhanoğlu, Organo-bentonit bileşiklerinin hazırlanması, karakterizasyonu ve p-kloro-fenolun çözeltiden adsorpsiyonunda kullanılması. Master's Thesis. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2009).
  • P. Sadanand, A comprehensive review on recent developments in bentonite-based materials used as adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 241: (2017) 1091-1113.
  • E. Ruiz-Hitzky, Molecular access to intracrystalline tunnels of sepiolite Basis of a presentation given at Materials Discussion No. 3, 24–26 September 2000, University of Cambridge, UK. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 11:1 (2001) 86-91.
  • T. Arasan Kil karakterizasyonunda ön işlemlerin etkisi ve uygulamaları. İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2015).
  • P. Komadel, Chemically modified smectites. Clay Minerals, 38:1 (2003) 127-138.
  • S. Korıchı, A. Elıas, A. Meftı, Characterization of smectite after acid activation with microwave irradiation. Applied Clay Science, 42:3-4 (2009) 432-438.
  • M.A. Darmawan, B. Z. Muhammad, A. F. P. Harahap, M. Y. A. Ramadhan, M. Sahlan, T. Supriyadi, S. Abd-Aziz and M. Gozan, Reduction of the acidity and peroxide numbers of tengkawang butter (Shorea stenoptera) using thermal and acid activated bentonites. Heliyon, (2020) 6:12
  • E. Kuru, M. Yayla, Ş. Demırci, Effect of Bentonite Composition on the Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids. In: VII. National Clay Symposium. Ankara, (1995).
  • Q. Tang, F. Wang, M. Tang, J. Liang, and C. Ren, Study on pore distribution and formation rule of sepiolite mineral nanomaterials. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012: (2012) 2-2.
  • G. Demircan, M. Kisa, M. Ozen, A. Acikgoz, Y. Işıker and E. Aytar, Nano-gelcoat application of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites for marine application: Structural, mechanical, and thermal analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 194: (2023) 115412.
  • G. Demircan, M. Ozen, M. Kisa, A. Acikgoz and Y. Işıker, The effect of nano-gelcoat on freeze-thaw resistance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite for marine applications. Ocean Engineering, 269: (2023) 113589.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Chemical Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Eylem Erol 0000-0001-9868-6829

Gökhan Ceyhan 0000-0002-9127-2348

Early Pub Date April 30, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date December 29, 2023
Acceptance Date January 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erol, E., & Ceyhan, G. (2024). Sepiyolit / Bentonit Killerin Saflaştırılması ve Yapısal Karakterizasyonu. Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 9(1), 10-21. https://doi.org/10.46578/humder.1411500