Research Article
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The Effects of Macroeconomic Variables and Ownership Structure on Banking Profitability in Turkey: Dynamic Panel Analysis

Year 2022, , 884 - 902, 27.12.2022

Taner Turan

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.1022971
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Keywords

Bank Profits Macroeconomic variables Ownership Structure Bank Profits, Macroeconomic variables, Ownership Structure, GMM

Supporting Institution

Cukurova Universitesi

Project Number

13216

References

  • Adekunle, I. A., Onanuga, A. T., Akinola, O. O., & Ogunbanjo, O. W. (2020). Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa. Science of the Environment, 729, 138998, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2020.138998
  • Albertazzi, U., & Gambacorta, L. (2009). Bank profitability and the business cycle. Journal of Financial Stability, 5(4), 393-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2008.10.002
  • Al-Homaidi, E., Tabash, M., Farhan, N. S., & Almaqtari, F.A. (2018). Bank-specific and macro-economic determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks: A panel data approach. Cogent Economics & Finance, 6(1), 1548072. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2018.1548072
  • Alper, D., & Anbar, A. (2011). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of commercial bank profitability: empirical evidence from Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2), 139-152. http://www.berjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/downloads-manager/upload/BERJ%202(2)2011%20article8%20pp139-152.pdf
  • Arellano, M., & Bond, S.R. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58, 277-297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297968
  • Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Component Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 29-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D
  • Athanasoglou, P., Brissimis, S. N., & Delis, M. D. (2008). Bank-Specific, industry specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 18, 121–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2006.07.001
  • Athanasoglou P., Delis, M., & Staikouras, C. (2006). Determinants of Banking Profitability in the South Eastern European Region. Bank of Greece Working Paper, 06/47. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10274/
  • Aydın, Y. (2019). Türk bankacılık sektöründe karlılığı etkileyen faktörlerin panel veri analizi ile incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 10(1), 181-189. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/679392
  • Aysan, A. F., & Ceyhan, S. P. (2008). What determines the banking sector performance in globalized financial markets? The Case of Turkey. Physica A, 387(7), 1593-1602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2007.11.003
  • Batten, J., & Vo, X.V. (2019). Determinants of Bank Profitability—Evidence from Vietnam. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 55(6), 1417-1428. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1524326
  • Berger, A. (1995). The Relationship between Capital and Earnings in Banking. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 27(2), 432-456. https://doi.org/10.2307/2077877
  • Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87, 115-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00009-8
  • Bikker, J.A., & Vervliet, T.M. (2017). Bank profitability and risk‐taking under low interest rates. Int J Fin Econ. 23, 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1595
  • Bourke, P. (1989). Concentration and other determinants of bank profitability in Europe, North America and Australia. Journal of Banking and Finance,13(1), 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(89)90020-4
  • Bouzgarrou, H., Jouidaa, S., & Louhichib, W. (2018). Bank profitability during and before the financial crisis: Domestic versus foreign banks. Research in International Business and Finance, 44, 26-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.05.011
  • Claessens, S., Coleman, N., & Donnelly, M. (2018). Low-For-Long interest rates and banks’ interest margins and profitability: Cross-country evidence. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 35, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2017.05.004
  • Çiftçi, C., & Durusu- Çiftçi, D. (2019). Güçlü Ekonomiye Geçiş Programı Sonrası Türkiye’de Banka Kârlılığının Belirleyicileri. Sosyoekonomi, 27(39), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.01.07
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Huizinga, H. (1999). Determinants of commercial bank Interest margins and profitability: some international evidence. The World Bank Economic Review, 13(2), 379-408. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3990103
  • Dietrich, A., & Wanzenried, G. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability before and during the crisis: Evidence from Switzerland. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 21, 307-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2010.11.002
  • Dietrich, A., & Wanzenried, G. (2014). The determinants of commercial banking profitability in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 54, 337–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2014.03.001
  • He, T. L., Fayman, A., & Casey, K.M. (2014). Bank profitability: The impact of foreign currency fluctuations. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 16(2), 98104. http://m.www.na-businesspress.com/JABE/CaseyKM_Web16_2_.pdf
  • Hasanov, F. J., Bayramli, N. & Al-Musehel, N. (2018). Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Bank Profitability: Evidence from an Oil-Dependent Economy. International Journal of Financial Studies, 6(78), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs6030078
  • Goddard, J. Molyneux, P. & Wilson, J. O. S. (2004). The profitability of european banks: A cross-sectional and dynamic panel analysis. The Manchester School, 72(3), 1463-6786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.2004.00397.x
  • Gökçe, A., & Sarıtaş, H. (2017). Döviz kurlarındaki değişmelerin Türkiye’deki özel sermayeli bankaların bilançoları üzerine etkileri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28, 1-18. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/pausbed/issue/36282/409496
  • Gülhan, Ü., & Uzunlar, E. (2011). Bankacılık sektöründe kârlılığı etkileyen faktörler: Türk bankacılık sektörüne yönelik bir uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1), 341-368. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunisosbil/issue/2827/38307
  • Fungáčová, Z., & Poghosyan, T. (2011). Determinants of bank interest margins in Russia: Does bank ownership matter? Economic Systems, 35(4), 481-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2010.11.007
  • Jara-Bertin, M., Moya J., & Perales, A.R. (2014). Determinants of bank performance: Evidence for Latin America. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 27(2), 164-182. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-04-2013-0030
  • King, R. G., & Levine, R. (1993). Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108 (3), 717-736. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118406 Kohlscheen, E., Murcia, A. & Contreras, J. (2018). Determinants of bank profitability in emerging markets. BIS Working Papers No 686. https://www.bis.org/publ/work686.pdf
  • Levine, R., Loayza, N., & Beck, T. (2000). Financial intermediation and growth: Causality and causes. Journal of Monetary Economics, 46, 31-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3932(00)00017-9
  • Liu, H., & Wilson, J. S. (2010). The profitability of banks in Japan. Applied Financial Economics, 20(24), 1851-1866. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2010.526577
  • Micco, A., Panizza, U. & Yanez, M. (2007). Bank ownership and performance: does politics matter? Journal of Banking and Finance, 31, 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.02.007
  • Mishkin, F. S. (2019). The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, Twelfth edition, Pearson.
  • Molyneux, P., & Thornton, J. (1992). Determinants of European bank profitability: A note. Journal of Banking and Finance, 16, 1173-1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(92)90065-8
  • Ozgur, O., & Gorus, M. S. (2016). Determinants of deposit bank profitability: evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 6(3), 218-231. http://www.aebrjournal.org/uploads/6/6/2/2/6622240/joaebrseptember2016_218_231.pdf
  • Pesaran M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.951
  • Pesaran M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. IZA Discussion Paper Series, 1240. https://docs.iza.org/dp1240.pdf Rajan, R. G, & Zingales, L. (1996). Financial dependence and growth. NBER Working Paper No 5758. https://www.jstor.org/stable/116849
  • Rossi, S., Borroni, M., Lippi, A., & Piva, M. (2018). Determinants of bank profitability in the Euro Area: what has changed during the recent financial crisis? International Business Research, 11(5), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n5p18
  • Sayılgan, G., & Yıldırım, O. (2009). Determinants of profitability in Turkish banking sector: 2002-2007. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 28, 207-2013. http://www.internationalresearchjournaloffinanceandeconomics.com/ISSUES/irjfe_28_18.pdf
  • Short, B. (1979). The Relation between Commercial Bank Profit Rates and Banking Concentration in Canada, Western Union, and Japan. Journal of Banking and Finance, 3, 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(79)90016-5
  • Smirlock, M. (1985). Evidence of the (non) relationship between concentration and profitability in banking. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 17, 69-83. https://doi.org/10.2307/1992507
  • Staikouras, C. K., & Wood, G.E. (2004). The determinants of European bank profitability. International Business & Economic Research Journal, 3, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v3i6.3699
  • Sufian, F. (2009). Determinants of bank profitability in a developing economy: empirical evidence from the china banking sector. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 10(4), 281-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/10599230903340205
  • Sufian, F. (2011). Profitability of the Korean banking sector: panel evidence on bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants. Journal of Economics and Management, 7, 43-72. https://jem.fcu.edu.tw/content/pdf/Vol.7No.1/03.pdf
  • Sufian, F. (2012). Determinants of bank profitability in developing economies: empirical evidence from the South Asian banking sectors. Contemporary South Asia, 20(3), 375-399. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2012.696089
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MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ

Year 2022, , 884 - 902, 27.12.2022

Taner Turan

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.1022971
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Makroekonomik değişkenlerin ve sermaye yapısının Türkiye’de banka kârlılığı üzerindeki etkisini sistem GMM yöntemiyle inceleyen bu çalışma hem küresel kriz hem de Covid-19 salgınının etkilerini de analize dahil ederek literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Sağlıklı ve iyi işleyen bir bankacılık sisteminin ekonomik faaliyetlerin devamı açısından son derece önemli bir rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Ampirik bulgular 2002-2020 döneminde faiz dışı gelir, faaliyet giderleri ve döviz kurunun banka kârlılığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkide bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, bazı tahminlerde enflasyonun kârlılığı negatif etkilediği, ekonomik büyümenin ise önemli olmadığı sonucuna varılmaktadır. Kamu, özel veya yabancı sermayeli olmanın banka kârlılığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Benzer şekilde, hem 2009 küresel finansal kriz hem de Covid-19 salgını için oluşturulan kukla değişkenler de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Veri seti 2002-2009 ve 2010-2020 olarak ikiye bölündüğünde banka kârlılığını anlamlı biçimde etkileyen değişkenlerin farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Genel olarak makroekonomik istikrarın sağlanmasının banka kârlılığı bakımından önemli olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

makroekonomik değişkenler GMM banka karliligi Bank Profits Macroeconomic variables Ownership Structure

Project Number

13216

References

  • Adekunle, I. A., Onanuga, A. T., Akinola, O. O., & Ogunbanjo, O. W. (2020). Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa. Science of the Environment, 729, 138998, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2020.138998
  • Albertazzi, U., & Gambacorta, L. (2009). Bank profitability and the business cycle. Journal of Financial Stability, 5(4), 393-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2008.10.002
  • Al-Homaidi, E., Tabash, M., Farhan, N. S., & Almaqtari, F.A. (2018). Bank-specific and macro-economic determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks: A panel data approach. Cogent Economics & Finance, 6(1), 1548072. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2018.1548072
  • Alper, D., & Anbar, A. (2011). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of commercial bank profitability: empirical evidence from Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2), 139-152. http://www.berjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/downloads-manager/upload/BERJ%202(2)2011%20article8%20pp139-152.pdf
  • Arellano, M., & Bond, S.R. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58, 277-297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297968
  • Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Component Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 29-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D
  • Athanasoglou, P., Brissimis, S. N., & Delis, M. D. (2008). Bank-Specific, industry specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 18, 121–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2006.07.001
  • Athanasoglou P., Delis, M., & Staikouras, C. (2006). Determinants of Banking Profitability in the South Eastern European Region. Bank of Greece Working Paper, 06/47. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10274/
  • Aydın, Y. (2019). Türk bankacılık sektöründe karlılığı etkileyen faktörlerin panel veri analizi ile incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 10(1), 181-189. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/679392
  • Aysan, A. F., & Ceyhan, S. P. (2008). What determines the banking sector performance in globalized financial markets? The Case of Turkey. Physica A, 387(7), 1593-1602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2007.11.003
  • Batten, J., & Vo, X.V. (2019). Determinants of Bank Profitability—Evidence from Vietnam. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 55(6), 1417-1428. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1524326
  • Berger, A. (1995). The Relationship between Capital and Earnings in Banking. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 27(2), 432-456. https://doi.org/10.2307/2077877
  • Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87, 115-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00009-8
  • Bikker, J.A., & Vervliet, T.M. (2017). Bank profitability and risk‐taking under low interest rates. Int J Fin Econ. 23, 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1595
  • Bourke, P. (1989). Concentration and other determinants of bank profitability in Europe, North America and Australia. Journal of Banking and Finance,13(1), 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(89)90020-4
  • Bouzgarrou, H., Jouidaa, S., & Louhichib, W. (2018). Bank profitability during and before the financial crisis: Domestic versus foreign banks. Research in International Business and Finance, 44, 26-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.05.011
  • Claessens, S., Coleman, N., & Donnelly, M. (2018). Low-For-Long interest rates and banks’ interest margins and profitability: Cross-country evidence. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 35, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2017.05.004
  • Çiftçi, C., & Durusu- Çiftçi, D. (2019). Güçlü Ekonomiye Geçiş Programı Sonrası Türkiye’de Banka Kârlılığının Belirleyicileri. Sosyoekonomi, 27(39), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.01.07
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Huizinga, H. (1999). Determinants of commercial bank Interest margins and profitability: some international evidence. The World Bank Economic Review, 13(2), 379-408. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3990103
  • Dietrich, A., & Wanzenried, G. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability before and during the crisis: Evidence from Switzerland. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 21, 307-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2010.11.002
  • Dietrich, A., & Wanzenried, G. (2014). The determinants of commercial banking profitability in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 54, 337–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2014.03.001
  • He, T. L., Fayman, A., & Casey, K.M. (2014). Bank profitability: The impact of foreign currency fluctuations. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 16(2), 98104. http://m.www.na-businesspress.com/JABE/CaseyKM_Web16_2_.pdf
  • Hasanov, F. J., Bayramli, N. & Al-Musehel, N. (2018). Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Bank Profitability: Evidence from an Oil-Dependent Economy. International Journal of Financial Studies, 6(78), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs6030078
  • Goddard, J. Molyneux, P. & Wilson, J. O. S. (2004). The profitability of european banks: A cross-sectional and dynamic panel analysis. The Manchester School, 72(3), 1463-6786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.2004.00397.x
  • Gökçe, A., & Sarıtaş, H. (2017). Döviz kurlarındaki değişmelerin Türkiye’deki özel sermayeli bankaların bilançoları üzerine etkileri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28, 1-18. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/pausbed/issue/36282/409496
  • Gülhan, Ü., & Uzunlar, E. (2011). Bankacılık sektöründe kârlılığı etkileyen faktörler: Türk bankacılık sektörüne yönelik bir uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1), 341-368. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunisosbil/issue/2827/38307
  • Fungáčová, Z., & Poghosyan, T. (2011). Determinants of bank interest margins in Russia: Does bank ownership matter? Economic Systems, 35(4), 481-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2010.11.007
  • Jara-Bertin, M., Moya J., & Perales, A.R. (2014). Determinants of bank performance: Evidence for Latin America. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 27(2), 164-182. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-04-2013-0030
  • King, R. G., & Levine, R. (1993). Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108 (3), 717-736. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118406 Kohlscheen, E., Murcia, A. & Contreras, J. (2018). Determinants of bank profitability in emerging markets. BIS Working Papers No 686. https://www.bis.org/publ/work686.pdf
  • Levine, R., Loayza, N., & Beck, T. (2000). Financial intermediation and growth: Causality and causes. Journal of Monetary Economics, 46, 31-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3932(00)00017-9
  • Liu, H., & Wilson, J. S. (2010). The profitability of banks in Japan. Applied Financial Economics, 20(24), 1851-1866. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2010.526577
  • Micco, A., Panizza, U. & Yanez, M. (2007). Bank ownership and performance: does politics matter? Journal of Banking and Finance, 31, 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.02.007
  • Mishkin, F. S. (2019). The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, Twelfth edition, Pearson.
  • Molyneux, P., & Thornton, J. (1992). Determinants of European bank profitability: A note. Journal of Banking and Finance, 16, 1173-1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(92)90065-8
  • Ozgur, O., & Gorus, M. S. (2016). Determinants of deposit bank profitability: evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 6(3), 218-231. http://www.aebrjournal.org/uploads/6/6/2/2/6622240/joaebrseptember2016_218_231.pdf
  • Pesaran M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.951
  • Pesaran M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. IZA Discussion Paper Series, 1240. https://docs.iza.org/dp1240.pdf Rajan, R. G, & Zingales, L. (1996). Financial dependence and growth. NBER Working Paper No 5758. https://www.jstor.org/stable/116849
  • Rossi, S., Borroni, M., Lippi, A., & Piva, M. (2018). Determinants of bank profitability in the Euro Area: what has changed during the recent financial crisis? International Business Research, 11(5), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n5p18
  • Sayılgan, G., & Yıldırım, O. (2009). Determinants of profitability in Turkish banking sector: 2002-2007. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 28, 207-2013. http://www.internationalresearchjournaloffinanceandeconomics.com/ISSUES/irjfe_28_18.pdf
  • Short, B. (1979). The Relation between Commercial Bank Profit Rates and Banking Concentration in Canada, Western Union, and Japan. Journal of Banking and Finance, 3, 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4266(79)90016-5
  • Smirlock, M. (1985). Evidence of the (non) relationship between concentration and profitability in banking. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 17, 69-83. https://doi.org/10.2307/1992507
  • Staikouras, C. K., & Wood, G.E. (2004). The determinants of European bank profitability. International Business & Economic Research Journal, 3, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v3i6.3699
  • Sufian, F. (2009). Determinants of bank profitability in a developing economy: empirical evidence from the china banking sector. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 10(4), 281-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/10599230903340205
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There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Taner Turan 0000-0003-3012-340X

Project Number 13216
Publication Date December 27, 2022
Submission Date November 13, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Turan, T. (2022). MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(4), 884-902. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.1022971
AMA Turan T. MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. December 2022;40(4):884-902. doi:10.17065/huniibf.1022971
Chicago Turan, Taner. “MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 40, no. 4 (December 2022): 884-902. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.1022971.
EndNote Turan T (December 1, 2022) MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 40 4 884–902.
IEEE T. Turan, “MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 884–902, 2022, doi: 10.17065/huniibf.1022971.
ISNAD Turan, Taner. “MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 40/4 (December 2022), 884-902. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.1022971.
JAMA Turan T. MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;40:884–902.
MLA Turan, Taner. “MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 40, no. 4, 2022, pp. 884-02, doi:10.17065/huniibf.1022971.
Vancouver Turan T. MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE SERMAYE YAPISININ TÜRKİYE’DE BANKA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: DİNAMİK PANEL ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;40(4):884-902.

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