EFFECT OF TIME INVESTMENT IN CHILDREN ON THE LABOR MARKET GENDER GAP IN EARNINGS

Year 2017, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 121 - 151, 30.06.2017

Mehmet Ali Soytaş

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.324814

Abstract

This
paper attempts to address that both the educational advances of women are not
proportionally reflected in the earnings gap as expected and that these more
educated women are not gaining greater work experience than their less educated
predecessors. The goal is to estimate a model using data on females and their
children to understand how much of their time females use to invest in their
children and how it varies depending on demographic characteristics. The
dynastic framework provides a natural way to aggregate the adult outcomes of
children as it is measured by their next generation valuation function. This
serves as a good proxy for the expected returns from investing in children.
Female’s valuation function incorporates both the loss of income due to not
working and the returns from the children who achieves better prospects. To the
extent that later compensates the loss from the former, females will not
increase the amount of time they spend working in the labor market. This
trade-off however depends on education, making it on the margin for highly
educated females who can do superior in both. Estimated model and the policy
simulations based on the estimated model find that maternal time investment is
an important channel affecting the labor supply decision of women and time
investment plays a significant role in children’s adult outcomes.

Keywords

Female labor supply, time investment in children, intergenerational transfers, gender gap, human capital

ÇOCUĞA YAPILAN ZAMAN YATIRIMLARININ İŞ GÜCÜ PİYASASINDAKİ KADIN-ERKEK ÜCRET FARKLILIĞINA ETKİLERİ

Abstract

Bu
çalışma kadınların eğitimde elde ettikleri ilerlemelere karşın, bunun
ücretlerine neden beklenen oranda yansımadığını ve eğitim seviyesi artmış
kadınların neden daha fazla iş deneyimi edinmediklerini anlamayı
hedeflemektedir. Amaç kadınların zamanlarının ne kadarını çocuklarına zaman
yatırımı olarak kullandıklarının ve bunun demografik özelliklerle nasıl
değiştiğinin anlaşılması için, kadın ve çocuklarının oluşturduğu bir veri seti
kullanarak model tahmini yapmaktır. Nesiller arası yapı, çocukların yetişkin
çıktılarını toplulaştırmak için doğal bir yol sağlar çünkü bu çıktılar modelde
gelecek jenerasyondaki çocukların değer fonksiyonu ile ölçülür. Bu ölçüt,
çocuklara yapılan yatırımların beklenen getirisi için iyi bir temsil sağlar.
Kadının değer fonksiyonu, hem kendi çalışmadığı durumdaki gelir kaybını, hem de
yatırım yaptığı durumda çocuklarına dair beklentileri içerir. Bu iki faktörden
ikincisinin, ilkinden kaynaklanan kaybı telafi ettiği ölçüde, kadınlar iş gücü
piyasasında çalışmaya harcadıkları zamanı arttırmayacaklardır. Bu ödünleşme
aynı zamanda eğitime de dayalıdır, dolayısıyla her ikisinde de iyi olabilecek
eğitimli kadınlar için durumu daha da marjinal hale getirmektedir. Tahmin
edilen model ve politika simülasyonları, zaman yatırımının kadınların iş gücü
tercihini etkileyen önemli bir kanal olduğunu ve zaman yatırımının çocukların
gelecekteki çıktılarını etkilemede önemli bir rol oynadığını bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Kadın iş gücü, çocuklara zaman yatırımı, nesiller arası transferler, kadın-erkek ücret farklılığı, beşeri sermaye

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