Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

IS THE STOCK MARKET A BAROMETER OF THE ECONOMY? THE CAUSALITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND STOCK PRICES IN TURKEY

Year 2018, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 89 - 106, 27.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.317090

Abstract

The relationship between the economy
and the stock market has long been an important subject of economic research. The
observed relationship between the fluctuations in stock prices and economic
activity has led to a widespread view that the stock market is a barometer of
the economy. This view is tested in this study. In the study, the causality
relationship between economic activity and stock prices in Turkey is investigated
using quartely data for the period 2000-2016. Toda-Yamamoto causality test is
used in the empirical analysis. The results of the causality tests show that
there is unidirectional causality running from stock prices to economic
activity in Turkey. This is a result supporting the view that the stock market is
a barometer of the economy.

References

  • Abdullah, D.A., S.C. Hayworth (1993), “Macroeconometrics of Stock Price Fluctuations”, Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 32(1), 50-67.
  • Adrangi, B., A. Chatrath, K. Raffiee (1999), “Inflation, Output and Stock Prices: Evidence from Two Major Emerging Markets”, Journal of Economics and Finance, 23(3), 266-278.
  • Ando, A., F. Modigliani (1963), “The ‘Life-Cycle’ Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests”, The American Economic Review, 53(1), 55-84.
  • Barro, R.J. (1990), “The Stock Market and Investment”, The Review of Financial Studies, 3(1), 115-131.
  • Bram, J., S. Ludvigson (1998), “Does Consumer Confidence Forecast Household Expenditure? A Sentiment Index Horse Race”, Economic Policy Review, 4(2), 59-78.
  • Carroll, C.D., J.C. Fuhrer, D.W. Wilcox (1994), “Does Consumer Sentiment Forecast Household Spending? If So, Why?”, The American Economic Review, 84(5), 1397-1408.
  • Chen, N., R. Roll, S.A. Ross (1986), “Economic Forces and the Stock Market”, The Journal of Business, 59(3), 383-403.
  • Dickey, D.A., W.A. Fuller (1979), “Distributions of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431.
  • Dickey, D.A., W.A. Fuller (1981), “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Duca, G. (2007), “The Relationship between the Stock Market and the Economy: Experience from International Financial Markets”, Bank of Valletta Review, 36, 1-12.
  • Elmas, B., İ. Göçer, H. Aksu (2011), “İMKB Performansı-Ekonomik Büyüme Oranı Arasındaki İlişki: 1998:Ç1-2010:Ç3 Dönemi”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22, 152-167.
  • Fama, E.F. (1981), “Stock Returns, Real Activity, Inflation and Money”, The American Economic Review, 71(4), 545-565.
  • Fama, E.F. (1990), “Stock Returns, Expected Returns and Real Activity”, The Journal of Finance, 45(4), 1089-1108.
  • Fischer, S., R.C. Merton (1984), Macroeconomics and Finance: The Role of the Stock Market, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper, No 1291.
  • Galbraith, J.K. (1955), The Great Crash 1929, Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Gallinger, G.W. (1994), “Causality Tests of the Real Stock Return-Real Activity Hypothesis”, The Journal of Financial Research, 17(2), 271-288.
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1969), “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models: Cross Spectral Methods”, Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438.
  • Granger, C.W.J., P. Newbold (1974), “Spurious Regressions in Econometrics”, Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111-120.
  • Hürriyet (2001), SPK’dan Piyasalara Yakın Takip, 29 Ocak 2001, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/spkdan-piyasalara-yakin-takip-39220982, E.T.: 27.05.2017.
  • Jansen, W.J., N.J. Nahuis (2003), “The Stock Market and Consumer Confidence: European Evidence”, Economics Letters, 79(1), 89-98.
  • Kaplan, M. (2008), “The Impact of Stock Market on Real Economic Activity: Evidence from Turkey”, Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(2), 374-378.
  • Kaul, G. (1987), “Stock Returns and Inflation: The Role of the Monetary Sector”, Journal of Financial Economics, 18(2), 253-276.
  • Lintner, J. (1965), “The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 47(1), 13-37.
  • MacKinnon, J.G. (1996), “Numerical Distribution Functions for Unit Root and Cointegration Tests”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6), 601-618.
  • Mahdavi, S., A. Sohrabian (1991), “The Link between the Rate of Growth of Stock Prices and the Rate of Growth of GNP in the United States: A Granger Causality Test”, The American Economist, 35(2), 41-48.
  • Mossin, J. (1966), “Equilibrium in a Capital Asset Market”, Econometrica, 34(4), 768-783.
  • Otoo, M.W. (1999), Consumer Sentiment and the Stock Market, The Federal Reserve Board, Finance and Economics Discussion Series Working Paper, No 1999-60.
  • Özer, A., A. Kaya, N. Özer (2011), “Hisse Senedi Fiyatları ile Makroekonomik Değişkenlerin Etkileşimi”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1), 163-182.
  • Pearce, D.K. (1983), “Stock Prices and the Economy”, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 68(9), 7-22.
  • Phillips, P.C.B., P. Perron (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346.
  • Poterba, J.M., A.A. Samwick (1995), “Stock Ownership Patterns, Stock Market Fluctuations and Consumption”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1995(2), 295-357.
  • Ross, S.A. (1976), “The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing”, Journal of Economic Theory, 13(3), 341-360.
  • Samuelson, P. (1966), “Science and Stocks”, Newsweek, 19 September 1966, 92.
  • Sawhney, B., E. Anoruo, M. Feridun (2006), “Long-Run Relationship between Economic Growth and Stock Returns: An Empirical Investigation on Canada and the United States”, Ekonomicky Casopis, 54(6), 584-596.
  • Schwert, W.G. (1990), “Stock Returns and Real Activity: A Century of Evidence”, The Journal of Finance, 45(4), 1237-1257.
  • Sharpe, W.F. (1964), “Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk”, The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425-442.
  • Tobin, J. (1969), “A General Equilibrium Approach To Monetary Theory”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 1(1), 15-29.
  • Toda, H.Y., T. Yamamoto (1995), “Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes”, Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., B. Güngör, V. Kaya (2007), “Hisse Senedi Fiyatları ve Makro Ekonomik Değişkenler Arasındaki Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik”, İMKB Dergisi, 9(34), 1-16.

BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ

Year 2018, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 89 - 106, 27.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.317090

Abstract

Ekonomi ile borsa arasındaki ilişki
uzun zamandır önemli bir ekonomik araştırma konusu olmuştur. Hisse senedi
fiyatları ile ekonomik aktivitedeki dalgalanmalar arasında gözlenen ilişki,
borsanın ekonominin barometresi olduğu şeklinde yaygın bir görüşün ortaya
çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada bu görüş test edilmiştir. Çalışmada Türkiye’deki
ekonomik aktivite ile hisse senedi fiyatları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi, üç
aylık veriler kullanılarak, 2000-2016 dönemi için araştırılmıştır. Ampirik
analizde Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Nedensellik testlerinin
sonuçları, Türkiye’de hisse senedi fiyatlarından ekonomik aktiviteye doğru tek
yönlü nedensellik olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu, borsanın ekonominin barometresi
olduğu görüşünü destekleyen bir sonuçtur.

References

  • Abdullah, D.A., S.C. Hayworth (1993), “Macroeconometrics of Stock Price Fluctuations”, Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 32(1), 50-67.
  • Adrangi, B., A. Chatrath, K. Raffiee (1999), “Inflation, Output and Stock Prices: Evidence from Two Major Emerging Markets”, Journal of Economics and Finance, 23(3), 266-278.
  • Ando, A., F. Modigliani (1963), “The ‘Life-Cycle’ Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests”, The American Economic Review, 53(1), 55-84.
  • Barro, R.J. (1990), “The Stock Market and Investment”, The Review of Financial Studies, 3(1), 115-131.
  • Bram, J., S. Ludvigson (1998), “Does Consumer Confidence Forecast Household Expenditure? A Sentiment Index Horse Race”, Economic Policy Review, 4(2), 59-78.
  • Carroll, C.D., J.C. Fuhrer, D.W. Wilcox (1994), “Does Consumer Sentiment Forecast Household Spending? If So, Why?”, The American Economic Review, 84(5), 1397-1408.
  • Chen, N., R. Roll, S.A. Ross (1986), “Economic Forces and the Stock Market”, The Journal of Business, 59(3), 383-403.
  • Dickey, D.A., W.A. Fuller (1979), “Distributions of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431.
  • Dickey, D.A., W.A. Fuller (1981), “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Duca, G. (2007), “The Relationship between the Stock Market and the Economy: Experience from International Financial Markets”, Bank of Valletta Review, 36, 1-12.
  • Elmas, B., İ. Göçer, H. Aksu (2011), “İMKB Performansı-Ekonomik Büyüme Oranı Arasındaki İlişki: 1998:Ç1-2010:Ç3 Dönemi”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22, 152-167.
  • Fama, E.F. (1981), “Stock Returns, Real Activity, Inflation and Money”, The American Economic Review, 71(4), 545-565.
  • Fama, E.F. (1990), “Stock Returns, Expected Returns and Real Activity”, The Journal of Finance, 45(4), 1089-1108.
  • Fischer, S., R.C. Merton (1984), Macroeconomics and Finance: The Role of the Stock Market, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper, No 1291.
  • Galbraith, J.K. (1955), The Great Crash 1929, Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Gallinger, G.W. (1994), “Causality Tests of the Real Stock Return-Real Activity Hypothesis”, The Journal of Financial Research, 17(2), 271-288.
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1969), “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models: Cross Spectral Methods”, Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438.
  • Granger, C.W.J., P. Newbold (1974), “Spurious Regressions in Econometrics”, Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111-120.
  • Hürriyet (2001), SPK’dan Piyasalara Yakın Takip, 29 Ocak 2001, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/spkdan-piyasalara-yakin-takip-39220982, E.T.: 27.05.2017.
  • Jansen, W.J., N.J. Nahuis (2003), “The Stock Market and Consumer Confidence: European Evidence”, Economics Letters, 79(1), 89-98.
  • Kaplan, M. (2008), “The Impact of Stock Market on Real Economic Activity: Evidence from Turkey”, Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(2), 374-378.
  • Kaul, G. (1987), “Stock Returns and Inflation: The Role of the Monetary Sector”, Journal of Financial Economics, 18(2), 253-276.
  • Lintner, J. (1965), “The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 47(1), 13-37.
  • MacKinnon, J.G. (1996), “Numerical Distribution Functions for Unit Root and Cointegration Tests”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6), 601-618.
  • Mahdavi, S., A. Sohrabian (1991), “The Link between the Rate of Growth of Stock Prices and the Rate of Growth of GNP in the United States: A Granger Causality Test”, The American Economist, 35(2), 41-48.
  • Mossin, J. (1966), “Equilibrium in a Capital Asset Market”, Econometrica, 34(4), 768-783.
  • Otoo, M.W. (1999), Consumer Sentiment and the Stock Market, The Federal Reserve Board, Finance and Economics Discussion Series Working Paper, No 1999-60.
  • Özer, A., A. Kaya, N. Özer (2011), “Hisse Senedi Fiyatları ile Makroekonomik Değişkenlerin Etkileşimi”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1), 163-182.
  • Pearce, D.K. (1983), “Stock Prices and the Economy”, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 68(9), 7-22.
  • Phillips, P.C.B., P. Perron (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346.
  • Poterba, J.M., A.A. Samwick (1995), “Stock Ownership Patterns, Stock Market Fluctuations and Consumption”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1995(2), 295-357.
  • Ross, S.A. (1976), “The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing”, Journal of Economic Theory, 13(3), 341-360.
  • Samuelson, P. (1966), “Science and Stocks”, Newsweek, 19 September 1966, 92.
  • Sawhney, B., E. Anoruo, M. Feridun (2006), “Long-Run Relationship between Economic Growth and Stock Returns: An Empirical Investigation on Canada and the United States”, Ekonomicky Casopis, 54(6), 584-596.
  • Schwert, W.G. (1990), “Stock Returns and Real Activity: A Century of Evidence”, The Journal of Finance, 45(4), 1237-1257.
  • Sharpe, W.F. (1964), “Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk”, The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425-442.
  • Tobin, J. (1969), “A General Equilibrium Approach To Monetary Theory”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 1(1), 15-29.
  • Toda, H.Y., T. Yamamoto (1995), “Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes”, Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., B. Güngör, V. Kaya (2007), “Hisse Senedi Fiyatları ve Makro Ekonomik Değişkenler Arasındaki Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik”, İMKB Dergisi, 9(34), 1-16.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Orhan Karaca 0000-0001-8660-5892

Publication Date September 27, 2018
Submission Date May 30, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 36 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Karaca, O. (2018). BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(3), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.317090
AMA Karaca O. BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. September 2018;36(3):89-106. doi:10.17065/huniibf.317090
Chicago Karaca, Orhan. “BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 36, no. 3 (September 2018): 89-106. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.317090.
EndNote Karaca O (September 1, 2018) BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 36 3 89–106.
IEEE O. Karaca, “BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 89–106, 2018, doi: 10.17065/huniibf.317090.
ISNAD Karaca, Orhan. “BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 36/3 (September 2018), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.317090.
JAMA Karaca O. BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;36:89–106.
MLA Karaca, Orhan. “BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 36, no. 3, 2018, pp. 89-106, doi:10.17065/huniibf.317090.
Vancouver Karaca O. BORSA EKONOMİNİN BAROMETRESİ MİDİR? TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK AKTİVİTE İLE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;36(3):89-106.

Manuscripts must conform to the requirements indicated on the last page of the Journal - Guide for Authors- and in the web page.


Privacy Statement

Names and e-mail addresses in this Journal Web page will only be used for the specified purposes of the Journal; they will not be opened for any other purpose or use by any other person.