Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients with post-COVID-19

Year 2022, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 581 - 588, 27.12.2022

Fulden Sari , Selin Bayram , Gamze Gülsün Pala , Fatma Çömçe , Hamit Küçük , Deran Oskay

https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1136549

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Background: The aim of research is to investigate the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on exercise capacity, lower muscle strength, dyspnea, anxiety-depression, quality of life, physical activity and fatigue in individuals with respiratory effects involvement who have had COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients were seperated to 2 groups as treatment group (TG) (breathing exercise, resistance training, IMT) and control group (CG) (breathing exercise, resistance training). All patients were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks later in terms of exercise capacity, lower muscle strength, dyspnea, quality of life, fatigue, physical activity and anxiety-depression.
Results: Significant difference was found in all parameters within the group after treatment. (p<0.05). TG was found superior to CG for increasing exercise capacity (p<0.05), lower muscle strength (p=0.001), anxiety-depression (p<0.05).
Conclusions: IMT improves exercise capacity and lower muscle strength and decreases anxiety-depression in the patients.

Keywords

Dyspnea, Exercise, Fatigue, Functional capacity, Muscle strength, Rehabilitation

COVID-19 Geçirmiş Hastalarda Solunum Kas Eğitiminin Etkileri

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı pulmoner etkilenmi olan COVID-19 geçirmiş hastalarda inspiratuar kas eğitiminin (İKE) egzersiz kapasitesi, alt ekstremite periferik kas kuvveti, nefes darlığı, yaşam kalitesi, yorgunluk, fiziksel aktivite ve anksiyete-depresyonu üzerindeki etkinliğini araştırmaktır.
Materyal ve metod: 26 hasta tedavi grubu (TG) (solunum egzersizi, dirençli egzersiz, İKE) ve kontrol grubu (KG) (solunum egzersizi, dirençli egzersiz) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Tüm hastalar başlangıçta ve 6 hafta sonra egzersiz kapasitesi, alt ekstremite periferik kas kuvveti, nefes darlığı, yaşam kalitesi, yorgunluk, fiziksel aktivite ve anksiyete-depresyonu açısından değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Tedavi sonrası grup içi bütün parametrelerde anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0.05). Ancak; TG, egzersiz kapasitesi (p<0.05), alt ekstremite periferik kas kuvveti (p=0.001) ve anksiyete-depresyon düzeyindeki (p<0.05) gelişme KG göre daha üstün bulundu.
Sonuç: İKE, bu hastalarda egzersiz kapasitesi ve alt ekstremite periferik kas kuvvetini artırırken anksiyete-depresyon düzeyini azaltır.

Keywords

Nefes darlığı, Egzersiz, Fonksiyonel kapasite, Kas kuvveti, Rehabilitasyon

References

• Referans1. Cruz MP, Santos E, Cervantes MV, Juárez ML. COVID-19, a worldwide public health emergency. Rev Clin Esp. 2021; 221:55-61.
• Referans2. Assessment ER. Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Associated with a Novel Coronavirus, China: First Local Transmission In The EU/EEA—Third Update. 2020.
• Referans3. Update C. 2,503,392 cases and 171,796 deaths from COVID-19 virus pandemic-Worldometer [Internet]. Worldometers info. 2020. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.
• Referans4. Organization WH, Organization WH. Report of the WHO-China joint mission on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Geneva. 2020.
• Referans5. Zhang J-j, Dong X, Cao Y-y, Yuan Y-d, Yang Y-b, Yan Y-q, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 2020; 75(7):1730-41.
• Referans6. Stam HJ, Stucki G, Bickenbach J. Covid-19 and post intensive care syndrome: a call for action. J Rehabil Med. 2020; 52:1-4.
• Referans7. Medica EM. First impact on services and their preparation.“Instant paper from the field” on rehabilitation answers to the Covid-19 emergency. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020.
• Referans8. Yan CH, Faraji F, Prajapati DP, Boone CE, DeConde AS. Association of chemosensory dysfunction and Covid‐19 in patients presenting with influenza‐like symptoms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020; 806-13.
• Referans9. Shukla M, Chauhan D, Raj R. Breathing exercises and pranayamas to decrease perceived exertion during breath-holding while locked-down due to COVID-19 online randomized study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020; 41:101248.
• Referans10. Gonzalez-Gerez JJ, Bernal-Utrera C, Anarte-Lazo E, Garcia-Vidal JA, Botella-Rico JM, Rodriguez-Blanco C. Therapeutic pulmonary telerehabilitation protocol for patients affected by COVID-19, confined to their homes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020; 21:1-9.
• Referans11. Liu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Chen Y. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020; 39:101166.
• Referans12. Liaw MY, Wang YH, Tsai YC, Huang KT, Chang PW, Chen YC, et al. Inspiratory muscle training in bronchiectasis patients: a prospective randomized controlled study. Clin Rehabil. 2011; 25:524-36.
• Referans13. Karadallı MN, Boşnak-Güçlü M, Camcıoğlu B, Kokturk N, Türktaş H. Effects of inspiratory muscle training in subjects with sarcoidosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Respir Care. 2016; 61:483-94.
• Referans14. Keles MN, Elbasan B, Apaydin U, Aribas Z, Bakirtas A, Kokturk N. Effects of inspiratory muscle training in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2018; 22:493-501.
• Referans15. Abodonya AM, Abdelbasset WK, Awad EA, Elalfy IE, Salem HA, Elsayed SH. Inspiratory muscle training for recovered COVID-19 patients after weaning from mechanical ventilation: A pilot control clinical study. Medicine. 2021; 100(13).
• Referans16. Enright PL, Sherrill DL. Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998; 158:1384-87.
• Referans17. Zanini A, Aiello M, Cherubino F, Zampogna E, Azzola A, Chetta A, et al. The one repetition maximum test and the sit-to-stand test in the assessment of a specific pulmonary rehabilitation program on peripheral muscle strength in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015; 10:2423.
• Referans18. Stenton C. The MRC breathlessness scale. Occupational Medicine 2008; 58:226-7.
• Referans19. Fess E. Grip strength Second ed. Chicago: American Society of Hand Therapists, 1992:6-25.
• Referans20. Aydemir Ö, Guvenir T, Kuey L, Kultur S. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1997; 8:280-7.
• Referans21. Kücükdeveci A, McKenna S, Kutlay S, Gürsel Y, Whalley D, Arasil T. The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res. 2000; 23:31-8.
• Referans22. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010; 111:278-84.
• Referans23. Armutlu K, Korkmaz NC, Keser I, Sumbuloglu V, Akbiyik DI, Guney Z, et al. The validity and reliability of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Rehabil Res. 2007; 30:81-5.
• Referans24. Spagnolo P, Balestro E, Aliberti S, Cocconcelli E, Biondini D, Della Casa G, et al. Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms? The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020; 8:750-2.
• Referans25. Gosselink R, De Vos J, Van Den Heuvel S, Segers J, Decramer M, Kwakkel G. Impact of inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: what is the evidence? Eur Respir J. 2011; 37:416-25.
• Referans26. Duruturk N, Acar M, Doğrul MI. Effect of inspiratory muscle training in the management of patients with asthma. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2018; 38:198-203.
• Referans27. Csuka M, McCarty DJ. Simple method for measurement of lower extremity muscle strength. Am J Med. 1985; 78:77-81.
• Referans28. Figueiredo PHS, Lima MMO, Costa HS, Martins JB, Flecha OD, Gonçalves PF, et al. Effects of the inspiratory muscle training and aerobic training on respiratory and functional parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, redox status and quality of life in hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial. PloS One. 2018; 13: e0200727.
• Referans29. Marco E, Ramírez‐Sarmiento AL, Coloma A, Sartor M, Comin‐Colet J, Vila J, et al. High‐intensity vs. sham inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic heart failure: a prospective randomized trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013; 15:892-901.
• Referans30. Turquetto ALR, Dos Santos MR, Agostinho DR, Sayegh ALC, de Souza FR, Amato LP, et al. Aerobic exercise and inspiratory muscle training increase functional capacity in patients with univentricular physiology after Fontan operation: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Cardiol. 2021; 330:50-8.
• Referans31. Soumyashree S, Kaur J. Effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on aerobic capacity, respiratory muscle strength and rate of perceived exertion in paraplegics. J Spinal Cord Med. 2020; 43:53-9.
• Referans32. Langer D, Ciavaglia C, Faisal A, Webb KA, Neder JA, Gosselink R, et al. Inspiratory muscle training reduces diaphragm activation and dyspnea during exercise in COPD. J Appl Physiol. 2018; 125:381-92.
• Referans33. Panagioti M, Scott C, Blakemore A, Coventry PA. Overview of the prevalence, impact, and management of depression and anxiety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014; 9:1289.
• Referans34. Saka S, Gurses HN, Bayram M. Effect of inspiratory muscle training on dyspnea-related kinesiophobia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Ther Clin Pract. 2021; 44:101418.
• Referans35. Pellizzaro CO, Thomé FS, Veronese FV. Effect of peripheral and respiratory muscle training on the functional capacity of hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2013; 35:189-97.
• Referans36. Aslan GK, Akıncı B, Yeldan I, Okumus G. A randomized controlled trial on inspiratory muscle training in pulmonary hypertension: Effects on respiratory functions, functional exercise capacity, physical activity, and quality of life. Heart Lung. 2020; 49:381-7.
• Referans37. Hossein Pour AH, Gholami M, Saki M, Birjandi M. The effect of inspiratory muscle training on fatigue and dyspnea in patients with heart failure: A randomized, controlled trial. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2020; 17:e12290.