Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Pandemisinde Türk Toplumunun Dijital Teknoloji Kullanımı, Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi, Ruhsal Sağlığı ve Uyku Kalitesi

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 573 - 581, 31.12.2023

Rüstem Mustafaoğlu , Zeynal Yasacı , Emel Kırıkçu , Filiz Ören , Mizgin Tekin , Ramazan Özpazar , Yasemin Tanrıkulu , Şevval Uzma , Duygulu Buyuran , Hasan Deniz

https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1286600

Abstract

Amaç: Türkiye’de COVID-19 salgını sürecinde toplumdaki bireylerin teknoloji kullanım alışkanlıkları, fiziksel aktivite durumu, ruhsal sağlığı ve uyku kalitesini araştırmaktır.
Materyal ve metod: Bu çalışma COVID-19 pandemisinde Türkiye genelinde 18-50 yaş grubu 970 gönüllü kişiler üzerinde çevrimiçi veri toplama yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiş bir anket çalışmasıdır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak alanında uzman kişilerin onayından geçmiş yarı yapılandırılmış değerlendirme formu kullanılmıştır. Değerlendirme formu bireylerin demografik bilgileri, teknolojik cihaz kullanım alışkanlıkları, fiziksel aktivite, ruhsal sağlık ve uyku kalitesini sorgulamak üzere üç bölümden oluşmaktadır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalamaları 26,56 yıl ve %69,8'i kadın idi. Katılımcıların pandemi sürecinde en sık kullandıkları teknolojik cihazların sırasıyla; %92,9 telefon, %72,3 televizyon ve %59 bilgisayar idi. Katılımcılar gün içerisinde ortalama olarak 6,23 saat teknolojik cihaz kullandıkları ve pandemi öncesine göre teknolojik cihaz kullanma sürelerinin ortalama olarak 3,28 saat arttığı saptandı. Pandemi sürecinde katılımcıların %92,8’i sağlık durumlarının etkilendiği ve %60,5’inde stres, %45,1’inde iştah artışı, %31,6’sında depresyon ve %28,9’unda ise takıntı gibi ruhsal problemler olduğu görüldü. Pandemi döneminde evinde sedanter şekilde vaktini oturarak ya da uzanarak geçirenlerin oranının %46,3 olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, katılımcıların %74,2’nin pandemi sürecinde uyku kalitelerinin etkilendiği, uyuma ve uyanma saatleri değişenlerin oranının ise %79,9 olduğu saptandı.
Sonuç: Katılımcıların salgın sürecinde en fazla kullandıkları teknolojik cihazın akıllı telefon olduğu ve pandemi döneminde teknolojik cihaz kullanım süresinin yaklaşık olarak 2 kat arttığı saptandı. Pandemi nedeniyle oluşan ruhsal sağlık problemlerin başında stres gelirken, fiziksel aktivite durumunun ve uyku kalitesinin de etkilendiği görüldü.

Keywords

covid-19, koronavirüs, teknoloji, akıllı telefon, sağlık, ruhsal sağlık, stres, uyku

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Thanks

Yok

Digital Technology Use, Physical Activity Level, Mental Health and Sleep Quality of Turkish Society in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

Abstract

Background: To investigate technology usage habits, physical activity status, mental health, and sleep quality of individuals in the society during the COVID-19 epidemic in Turkey.
Materials and Methods: This study is a survey study conducted with online data collection method on 970 volunteers in the 18-50 age group across Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the research, a semi-structured evaluation form approved by experts in the field was used as a data collection tool. The evaluation form consists of three parts to question the demographic information of individuals, technological device usage habits, physical activity, mental health and sleep quality.
Results: The mean age of the individuals participating in the study was 26.56 years and 69.8% of them were women. The most frequently used technological devices by the participants during the pandemic, respectively; 92.9% telephone, 72.3% television and 59% computer. It was found that the duration of use of technological devices during the day of the participants was on average 6.23 hours and increased by 3.28 hours compared to the pre-pandemic. During the pandemic, 92.8% of the participants reported that their health status was affected and 60.5% had mental problems such as stress, 45.1% increased appetite, 31.6% depression and 28.9% obsession. It has been observed that the rate of those who spend their time sitting or lying down sedentary at home during the pandemic period is 46.3%. However, it was determined that 74.2% of the participants were affected by their sleep quality during the pandemic, and the rate of those whose sleeping and waking hours changed was 79.9%.
Conclusions: It was determined that the most used technological device by the participants during the epidemic process was the smart phone, and the duration of the use of technological devices increased approximately 2 times during the pandemic period. Stress was one of the main mental health problems caused by the pandemic, while physical activity and sleep quality were also affected.

Keywords

pandemic, covid-19, coronavirus, technology, smartphone, health, mental health, stress, sleep

Project Number

Yok

References

• 1. Organization WH. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 86. 2020.
• 2. Özçakmak S, Işıl V. Covid-19 salgınının yayılmasını önleyici hijyen uygulamaları. Akademik Gıda. 2020;18(4):433-41.
• 3. Taylor S. The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2019.
• 4. Leigh-Hunt N, Bagguley D, Bash K, Turner V, Turnbull S, Val-torta N, et al. An overview of systematic reviews on the pub-lic health consequences of social isolation and loneliness. Public health. 2017;152:157-71.
• 5. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lan-cet. 2020;395(10227):912-20.
• 6. Kocabaş A. COVID-19 pandemisi ve sağlığın sosyal bileşenleri. Türk Toraks Derneği COVID-19 E-Kitapları Serisi. 2020.
• 7. Hawryluck L, Gold WL, Robinson S, Pogorski S, Galea S, Styra R. SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, To-ronto, Canada. Emerging infectious diseases. 2004;10(7):1206.
• 8. Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. 2005;18(1):39-42.
• 9. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the ini-tial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epi-demic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(5):1729.
• 10. Chao M, Xue D, Liu T, Yang H, Hall BJ. Media use and acute psychological outcomes during COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2020;74:102248.
• 11. Mustafaoğlu R, Zirek E, Yasacı Z, Razak Özdinçler A. The negative effects of digital technology usage on children’s de-velopment and health. Addicta: the Turkish Journal on addic-tions. 2018;5(2):13-21.
• 12. Bastani P, Bahrami MA. COVID-19 related misinformation on social media: A Qualitative Study from Iran. Journal of medi-cal Internet research. 2020.
• 13. Garcia-Priego BA, Triana-Romero A, Pinto-Galvez SM, Duran-Ramos C, Salas-Nolasco O, Reyes MM, et al. Anxiety, depres-sion, attitudes, and internet addiction during the initial phase of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic: A cross-sectional study in Mexico. MedRxiv. 2020.05.10.20095844
• 14. Kouzy R, Abi Jaoude J, Kraitem A, El Alam MB, Karam B, Adib E, et al. Coronavirus goes viral: quantifying the COVID-19 mis-information epidemic on Twitter. Cureus. 2020;12(3),1863-4.
• 15. Dikmen M. COVID-19 pandemisinde üniversite öğrencilerinin depresyon düzeyleri ile sosyal medya bağımlılıkları arasındaki ilişki: Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 2021;22(1), 20-30.
• 16. Gökler ME, Turan Ş. COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde problemli teknoloji kullanimi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2020;5:108-14.
• 17. Sun Y, Li Y, Bao Y, Meng S, Sun Y, Schumann G, et al. Brief report: increased addictive internet and substance use behav-ior during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China. The American Journal on Addictions. 2020;29(4):268-70.
• 18. Bozdağ F. Pandemi sürecinde psikolojik sağlamlık. Electronic Turkish Studies. 2020;15(6),247-257.
• 19. Balhara YPS, Kattula D, Singh S, Chukkali S, Bhargava R. Impact of lockdown following COVID-19 on the gaming be-havior of college students. Indian journal of public health. 2020;64(6):172 -S176.
• 20. Yao H. The more exposure to media information about COVID-19, the more distressed you will feel. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2020;87:167-169.
• 21. Kahraman ME. COVID-19 salgınının uygulamalı derslere etkisi ve bu derslerin uzaktan eğitimle yürütülmesi: Temel tasarım dersi örneği. Medeniyet Sanat Dergisi. 2020;6(1):44-56.
• 22. Telli SG, Altun D. Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;3(1):25-34.
• 23. Baysal EA, Gürbüz O, Ergun M, Yurtseven R. Ortaöğretimde uzaktan eğitim aracı olarak EBA ve EBA TV kullanımına ilişkin öğrenci, öğretmen ve veli görüşleri. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;24(1):82-96.
• 24. Ozkaya G, Aydin MO. Transition to web‐based asynchronous education in biostatistics education during the Covid-19 Pan-demic: A Case of Bursa Uludag University. International Jour-nal of Current Medical and Biological Sciences. 2022;2(2):103-10.
• 25. Fardin MA. COVID-19 and anxiety: A review of psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks. Archives of clinical infectious diseases. 2020;(15):e102779.
• 26. Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, et al. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. Plos one. 2020;15(4):e0231924.
• 27. Kwok KO, Li KK, Chan HH, Yi YY, Tang A, Wei WI, et al. Com-munity responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 ep-idemic in Hong Kong: risk perception, information exposure and preventive measures. MedRxiv. 2020;26(7), 1575
• 28. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N. Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 out-break in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cadernos de saude publica. 2020;36:e00054020.
• 29. Parmet WE, Sinha MS. Covid-19—the law and limits of quar-antine. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(15):e28.
• 30. Tull MT, Edmonds KA, Scamaldo KM, Richmond JR, Rose JP, Gratz KL. Psychological outcomes associated with stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life. Psychiatry research. 2020;289:113098.
• 31. Krings A, Heeren A, Fontaine P, Blairy S. Attentional biases in depression: Relation to disorder severity, rumination, and an-hedonia. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2020;100:152173.
• 32. Newby JM, O’Moore K, Tang S, Christensen H, Faasse K. Acute mental health responses during the COVID-19 pandem-ic in Australia. PloS one. 2020;15(7):e0236562.
• 33. Vickers NJ. Animal communication: when i’m calling you, will you answer too? Current biology. 2017;27(14):R713-R5.
• 34. Çimen İD, Çetin E, Fındık H, Memik NÇ. Pandemi döneminde çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran çocuklarda uyku bozukluğu ve ilişkili faktörler. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine. 2023;10:26-35
• 35. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11:306.
• 36. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry re-search. 2020;288:112954.
• 37. Sher L. COVID-19, anxiety, sleep disturbances and suicide. Sleep medicine. 2020. 70:124.
• 38. ÇITAK Ş, Pekdemir Ü. An analysis on sleep habits and gener-alized anxiety levels of individuals during the COVID-19 pan-demic. Journal of Family Counseling and Education. 2020;5(1):60-73.
• 39. Sünbül EA, Karaci R, Domaç FM. A reason for admission to the sleep outpatient clinic during COVID-19 Pandemic: In-somnia. Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.22(Special Issue):29-33.
• 40. Cellini N, Canale N, Mioni G, Costa S. Changes in sleep pat-tern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID‐19 lockdown in Italy. Journal of Sleep Research. 2020;29(4):e13074.
• 41. Alp Sİ, Deveci M, Erdal B, Akalin RB, Terzi D. Coronavirüs hastaliği 2019 (COVİD 19) döneminde üniversite öğrencil-erinde uyku kalitesi ve insomni şiddeti. Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi.2020; 8(3):288-95.
• 42. Demir AU, Ardic S, Firat H, Karadeniz D, Aksu M, Ucar ZZ, et al. Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Turkish adult popula-tion epidemiology of sleep study. Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 2015;13(4):298-308.
• 43. Guan W-j, Liang W-h, Zhao Y, Liang H-r, Chen Z-s, Li Y-m, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. European Respiratory Journal. 2020;55(5);14;55(5):2000547.
• 44. Bulguroğlu Hİ, Bulguroğlu M, Özaslan A. Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite, yaşam kalitesi ve depresyon seviyelerinin incelenmesi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;12(2):306-11.
• 45. Ciddi PK, Yazgan E. Covid-19 salgininda sosyal izolasyon si-rasinda fiziksel aktivite durumunun yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020;19(37):262-79.