A Study on the Development of a Health Literacy Assessment Scale

Rüstem Kuzan; Burcu Beyazgül; Doğukan Karadağ

doi:10.35440/hutfd.1491977

Research Article

Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Değerlendirme Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 393 - 401

Rüstem Kuzan , Burcu Beyazgül , Doğukan Karadağ

https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1491977

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışma, Şanlıurfa'daki 18 yaş üstü bireylere uygulanabilecek, toplum tarafından anlaşıla-bilir ve sosyokültürel düzeylerine uygun bir Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Değerlendirme Ölçeği (SOYDÖ) geliştirmeyi ve ölçek puanlarını etkileyebileceği düşünülen bazı sosyodemografik değişkenlerin etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Materyal ve Metod: Araştırma metodolojik türdedir. Çalışma verileri 01.07.2021-15.08.2021 döneminde, Haliliye ilçesinde bulunan ve 6 birim barındıran Zeliha Öncel Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’nde toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya birinci pilot için 100, ikinci pilot için 100 ve ana çalışma için 330 kişi dâhil edilmiştir. Ölçekte yer alan maddeler sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulmuştur.
Bulgular: Toplam medyan puanları erkeklerde kadınlara göre, 18-24 ve 25-34 yaş gruplarında diğer yaş gruplarına göre, üniversite mezunlarında diğer eğitim düzeylerine göre, evli olmayanlarda ve boşanmış/ayrı yaşayanlarda diğer medeni durumlara göre ve sosyal güvencesi olanlarda diğerlerine göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri ile desteklenen aday ölçeğin böl-gedeki bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığını değerlendirmek için kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, ölçek geliştirme, Türkiye

References

1. Larson JS. The conceptualization of health. Med Care Res Rev. 1999;56(2):123-36. doi: 10.1177/107755879905600201.
2. WHO. Constitution of The World Health Organization [cited 9 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution.
3. Gözlü K. Sağlığın Sosyal Bir Belirleyicisi: Sağlık Okurya-zarlığı A Socıal Determınant Of Health: Health Lıteracy. Sdü Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;27(1):137-44.
4. WHO. Improving Health Literacy [cited 12 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-promotion/enhanced-wellbeing/improving-health-literay.
5. Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Crotty K. Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(2):97-107. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005.
6. Sheridan SL, Halpern DJ, Viera AJ, Berkman ND, Donahue KE, Crotty K. Interventions for individuals with low health literacy: a systematic review. J Health Commun. 2011;16 Suppl 3:30-54. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2011.604391.
7. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a chal-lenge for contemporary health education and communica-tion strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion In-ternational. 2000;15(3):259-67. doi: 10.1093/heapro/15.3.259.
8. Jordan JE, Osborne RH, Buchbinder R. Critical appraisal of health literacy indices revealed variable underlying con-structs, narrow content and psychometric weaknesses. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):366-79.
9. Haun JN, Valerio MA, McCormack LA, Sørensen K, Paasche-Orlow MK. Health literacy measurement: an inventory and descriptive summary of 51 instruments. J Health Commun. 2014;19 Suppl 2:302-33. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2014.936571.
10. Baker DW. The meaning and the measure of health litera-cy. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(8):878-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00540.x.
11. Erkuş A. Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları; 2012.
12. WMA. WMA Declaration of Helsinki– Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects [cited 01 March 2024]. Available from: https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/.
13. Lawshe CH. A Quantitative Approach to Content Validity. Personnel Psychology. 2006;28:563 - 75. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x.
14. Ayre C, Scally A. Critical Values for Lawshe’s Content Valid-ity Ratio. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. 2013;47:79-86. doi: 10.1177/0748175613513808.
15. Ozdemir H, Alper Z, Uncu Y, Bilgel N. Health literacy among adults: a study from Turkey. Health Educ Res. 2010;25(3):464-77. Epub 20100115. doi: 10.1093/her/cyp068.
16. Abacigil F, Harlak H, Okyay P, Evci Kiraz ED, Turan S, Sar-uhan G, et al. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire. Health Promotion International. 2019;34. doi: 10.1093/heapro/day020.
17. Sencan H. Sosyal ve davranissal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. 1. Baski. Ankara: Seçkin Yayinevi. 2005:384-6.
18. Kavuncuoğlu D. Erzurum il merkezinde yetişkinlerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ve etkili faktörler [Master Thesis]. Ata-türk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı: Atatürk Üniversitesi; 2020.
19. Sørensen K, Pelikan JM, Röthlin F, Ganahl K, Slonska Z, Doyle G, et al. Health literacy in Europe: comparative re-sults of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). Eur J Public Health. 2015;25(6):1053-8. Epub 20150405. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv043.
20. Nakayama K, Osaka W, Togari T, Ishikawa H, Yonekura Y, Sekido A, et al. Comprehensive health literacy in Japan is lower than in Europe: a validated Japanese-language as-sessment of health literacy. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):505. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1835-x.
21. Kaya Ş, Uludağ A. Relationship between the Health and Media Literacy - SaĞlik Ve Medya Okuryazarlik Arasindakİ İlİŞkİ. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler En-stitüsü Dergisi. 2017. doi: 10.20875/makusobed.307031.
22. Von Wagner C, Knight K, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Functional health literacy and health-promoting behaviour in a na-tional sample of British adults. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(12):1086-90. doi: 10.1136/jech.2006.053967. PubMed PMID: 18000132;
23. Okyay P, Abacigil F. Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçekleri Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması: T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2016.
24. Tanriöver M, Yıldırım H, Ready F, Çakir B, Akalin H. Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Araştırması: SAĞLIK-SEN YAYINLARI; 2014.
25. Yakar B, Gomleksiz M, Pirincci E. Bir üniversite hastanesi polikliniğine başvuran hastaların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler. Euras J Fam Med. 2019;8(1):27-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.33880/ejfm.2019080104.
26. Sørensen K, Van den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, et al. Health literacy and public health: A sys-tematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):80. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-80.
27. Jovic-Vranes A, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V, Marinkovic J. Func-tional health literacy among primary health-care patients: data from the Belgrade pilot study. J Public Health (Oxf). 2009;31(4):490-5. Epub 20090519. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdp049.
28. Gökkaya V. Sosyal ÖĞrenme Kurami Ve Aİle İÇİ Şİddet. Journal of International Social Research. 2017;10:389-94. doi: 10.17719/jisr.2017.1508.
29. Akers R, Jensen G. The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory of Crime and Deviance: The Past, Present, and Fu-ture. In F. T. Cullen, J. P. Wright, & K. R. Blevins (Eds.), Tak-ing stock: The status of criminological theory (pp. 37–76). Transaction Publishers. 2006.
30. Maiz E. La importancia de involucrar a las/los niñas/niños en la preparación de las comidas. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2018;35. doi: 10.20960/nh.2139.
31. Ginde AA, Weiner SG, Pallin DJ, Camargo CA, Jr. Multicen-ter study of limited health literacy in emergency depart-ment patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(6):577-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00116.x.
32. Van der Heide I, Rademakers J, Schipper M, Droomers M, Sørensen K, Uiters E. Health literacy of Dutch adults: a cross sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):179. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-179.
33. Kobayashi LC, Wardle J, Wolf MS, von Wagner C. Aging and Functional Health Literacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2016;71(3):445-57. Epub 20141211. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu161.
34. Tiller D, Herzog B, Kluttig A, Haerting J. Health literacy in an urban elderly East-German population - results from the population-based CARLA study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:883. Epub 20150910. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2210-7.
35. Stormacq C, Van den Broucke S, Wosinski J. Does health literacy mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and health disparities? Integrative review. Health Promot Int. 2019 Oct 1;34(5):e1-e17. doi: 10.1093/heapro/day062.

A Study on the Development of a Health Literacy Assessment Scale

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 393 - 401

Rüstem Kuzan , Burcu Beyazgül , Doğukan Karadağ

https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1491977

Abstract

Background: The study aims to develop a Health Literacy Assessment Scale (HLAS) that would be applied to 18+ year-old individuals in Şanlıurfa, can be understood by the society, and fits to their sociocultural levels, as well as aiming to assess the effects of some sociodemographic variables that are thought to affect the scale scores.
Materials and Methods: The research is of methodological type. The study data were collected in Zeliha Öncel Family Healthcare Center, which has 6 units and is located in Haliliye district, be-tween 01.07.2021 and 15.08.2021. 100 for the first pilot, 100 for the second pilot and 330 for the main study were included in the study. The items in the scale were created by the researcher to determine the level of health literacy.
Results: Total median scores were found to be higher among males in comparison to females, among the age groups of 18-24 and 25-34 years in comparison to other age groups, among uni-versity graduates in comparison to other educational levels, among non-married and di-vorced/separated individuals in comparison to other marital statuses, and among those having social security in comparison to others.
Conclusions: As a result of this study, it was determined that the candidate scale, which was supported by validity and reliability analyzes, could be used to evaluate the health literacy of individuals in the region.

Keywords

Health Literacy, scale development, Turkey

References

1. Larson JS. The conceptualization of health. Med Care Res Rev. 1999;56(2):123-36. doi: 10.1177/107755879905600201.
2. WHO. Constitution of The World Health Organization [cited 9 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution.
3. Gözlü K. Sağlığın Sosyal Bir Belirleyicisi: Sağlık Okurya-zarlığı A Socıal Determınant Of Health: Health Lıteracy. Sdü Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;27(1):137-44.
4. WHO. Improving Health Literacy [cited 12 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-promotion/enhanced-wellbeing/improving-health-literay.
5. Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Crotty K. Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(2):97-107. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005.
6. Sheridan SL, Halpern DJ, Viera AJ, Berkman ND, Donahue KE, Crotty K. Interventions for individuals with low health literacy: a systematic review. J Health Commun. 2011;16 Suppl 3:30-54. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2011.604391.
7. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a chal-lenge for contemporary health education and communica-tion strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion In-ternational. 2000;15(3):259-67. doi: 10.1093/heapro/15.3.259.
8. Jordan JE, Osborne RH, Buchbinder R. Critical appraisal of health literacy indices revealed variable underlying con-structs, narrow content and psychometric weaknesses. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):366-79.
9. Haun JN, Valerio MA, McCormack LA, Sørensen K, Paasche-Orlow MK. Health literacy measurement: an inventory and descriptive summary of 51 instruments. J Health Commun. 2014;19 Suppl 2:302-33. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2014.936571.
10. Baker DW. The meaning and the measure of health litera-cy. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(8):878-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00540.x.
11. Erkuş A. Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları; 2012.
12. WMA. WMA Declaration of Helsinki– Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects [cited 01 March 2024]. Available from: https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/.
13. Lawshe CH. A Quantitative Approach to Content Validity. Personnel Psychology. 2006;28:563 - 75. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x.
14. Ayre C, Scally A. Critical Values for Lawshe’s Content Valid-ity Ratio. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. 2013;47:79-86. doi: 10.1177/0748175613513808.
15. Ozdemir H, Alper Z, Uncu Y, Bilgel N. Health literacy among adults: a study from Turkey. Health Educ Res. 2010;25(3):464-77. Epub 20100115. doi: 10.1093/her/cyp068.
16. Abacigil F, Harlak H, Okyay P, Evci Kiraz ED, Turan S, Sar-uhan G, et al. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire. Health Promotion International. 2019;34. doi: 10.1093/heapro/day020.
17. Sencan H. Sosyal ve davranissal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. 1. Baski. Ankara: Seçkin Yayinevi. 2005:384-6.
18. Kavuncuoğlu D. Erzurum il merkezinde yetişkinlerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ve etkili faktörler [Master Thesis]. Ata-türk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı: Atatürk Üniversitesi; 2020.
19. Sørensen K, Pelikan JM, Röthlin F, Ganahl K, Slonska Z, Doyle G, et al. Health literacy in Europe: comparative re-sults of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). Eur J Public Health. 2015;25(6):1053-8. Epub 20150405. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv043.
20. Nakayama K, Osaka W, Togari T, Ishikawa H, Yonekura Y, Sekido A, et al. Comprehensive health literacy in Japan is lower than in Europe: a validated Japanese-language as-sessment of health literacy. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):505. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1835-x.
21. Kaya Ş, Uludağ A. Relationship between the Health and Media Literacy - SaĞlik Ve Medya Okuryazarlik Arasindakİ İlİŞkİ. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler En-stitüsü Dergisi. 2017. doi: 10.20875/makusobed.307031.
22. Von Wagner C, Knight K, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Functional health literacy and health-promoting behaviour in a na-tional sample of British adults. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(12):1086-90. doi: 10.1136/jech.2006.053967. PubMed PMID: 18000132;
23. Okyay P, Abacigil F. Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçekleri Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması: T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2016.
24. Tanriöver M, Yıldırım H, Ready F, Çakir B, Akalin H. Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Araştırması: SAĞLIK-SEN YAYINLARI; 2014.
25. Yakar B, Gomleksiz M, Pirincci E. Bir üniversite hastanesi polikliniğine başvuran hastaların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler. Euras J Fam Med. 2019;8(1):27-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.33880/ejfm.2019080104.
26. Sørensen K, Van den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, et al. Health literacy and public health: A sys-tematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):80. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-80.
27. Jovic-Vranes A, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V, Marinkovic J. Func-tional health literacy among primary health-care patients: data from the Belgrade pilot study. J Public Health (Oxf). 2009;31(4):490-5. Epub 20090519. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdp049.
28. Gökkaya V. Sosyal ÖĞrenme Kurami Ve Aİle İÇİ Şİddet. Journal of International Social Research. 2017;10:389-94. doi: 10.17719/jisr.2017.1508.
29. Akers R, Jensen G. The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory of Crime and Deviance: The Past, Present, and Fu-ture. In F. T. Cullen, J. P. Wright, & K. R. Blevins (Eds.), Tak-ing stock: The status of criminological theory (pp. 37–76). Transaction Publishers. 2006.
30. Maiz E. La importancia de involucrar a las/los niñas/niños en la preparación de las comidas. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2018;35. doi: 10.20960/nh.2139.
31. Ginde AA, Weiner SG, Pallin DJ, Camargo CA, Jr. Multicen-ter study of limited health literacy in emergency depart-ment patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(6):577-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00116.x.
32. Van der Heide I, Rademakers J, Schipper M, Droomers M, Sørensen K, Uiters E. Health literacy of Dutch adults: a cross sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):179. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-179.
33. Kobayashi LC, Wardle J, Wolf MS, von Wagner C. Aging and Functional Health Literacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2016;71(3):445-57. Epub 20141211. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu161.
34. Tiller D, Herzog B, Kluttig A, Haerting J. Health literacy in an urban elderly East-German population - results from the population-based CARLA study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:883. Epub 20150910. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2210-7.
35. Stormacq C, Van den Broucke S, Wosinski J. Does health literacy mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and health disparities? Integrative review. Health Promot Int. 2019 Oct 1;34(5):e1-e17. doi: 10.1093/heapro/day062.

There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Rüstem Kuzan 0000-0002-5284-0525 Burcu Beyazgül 0000-0002-0417-3588 Doğukan Karadağ 0000-0002-1537-5652
Early Pub Date	November 8, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date	May 29, 2024
Acceptance Date	October 17, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024 Volume: 21 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver	Kuzan R, Beyazgül B, Karadağ D. A Study on the Development of a Health Literacy Assessment Scale. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024;21(3):393-401.

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Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi _/Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty