Kangal Irkı Köpeklerde Fenol Kırmızısı Pamuk İpliği Testi (FKPT) Kullanılarak Fizyolojik Aköz Gözyaşı Üretim Miktarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 64 - 69, 01.07.2019

Kadri Kulualp , İbrahim Yurdakul , Servet Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.591127

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Prekorneal gözyaşı filmi (PGF), lakrimal fonksiyonel
ünitenin önemli parçalarından biridir. Evcil hayvanlarda aköz gözyaşı üretim
miktarının ölçümünde Schirmer gözyaşı testi (SGT) ile fenol kırmızısı pamuk
ipliği testi (FKPT) kullanılmaktadır. SGT’ye alternatif olarak geliştirilen
FKPT’nin minimal invaziv olması, uygulama süresinin kısalığı ve daha az refleks
gözyaşı stimülasyonuna neden olması gibi avantajları bulunmasına rağmen SGT’ye
oranla daha az tercih edildiği bilinmektedir. Sunulan çalışmada bölgemizde
yaygın bir şekilde yetiştirilen Kangal ırkı köpeklerde FKPT ile daha önce rapor
edilmeyen fizyolojik aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı.
Çalışmanın materyalini, 14’ü 1 yaş altı (7 Erkek, 7 Dişi, n=14, 28 göz), 14’ü
ise 1 yaş üstü (7 Erkek, 7 Dişi, n=14, 28 göz) olmak üzere eşit sayıda 2 gruba
(I. grup, II. grup) ayrılan toplam 28 adet Kangal ırkı sağlıklı köpek
oluşturdu. Deneklerin her iki gözünün aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarları, lateral
kantuslarına 15 saniye süreyle yerleştirilen fenol kırmızısı pamuk iplikleriyle
ölçüldü. Ölçümler sonunda her iki grubun sağ ve sol gözlerinden alınan aköz
gözyaşı üretim miktarı ortalamaları arasındaki fark istatistiki açıdan önemsiz
bulundu (P>0.05). Ölçüm ortalaması 27.55±0.25 mm/15 sn. olarak kaydedilen I.
grup ile ölçüm ortalaması 27.07±0.31 mm/15 sn. olarak saptanan II. grup
arasındaki fark da önemsiz bulundu (P>0.05). Yaş ve göz yönü gibi
değişkenler dikkate alınmaksızın tüm köpeklerin (n=28, 56 göz) fizyolojik aköz
gözyaşı üretim miktarı ortalaması ise 27.31±0.20 mm/15 sn. olarak kaydedildi.
Bu çıktılar, FKPT’nin Kangal ırkı köpeklerde aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarının
ölçümünde güvenli ve hızlı sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen
verilerin bu alanda çalışan araştırmacılar ile klinisyenler tarafından referans
olarak alınabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Prekorneal gözyaşı filmi, Fizyolojik aköz gözyaşı üretim miktarı, Fenol kırmızısı pamuk ipliği testi, Kangal ırkı köpek

Determination of the Physiological Aqueous Tear Production Rate by Using Phenol Red Thread Test (PRTT) in Kangal Breed Dogs

Abstract

Precorneal tear film (PTF)
is an important part of the lacrimal functional unit. Schirmer tear test (STT)
and phenol red thread test (PRTT) are used for the measurement of aqueous tear
production rate in domestic animals. Although PRTT which has been developed as
an alternative to STT, has advantages such as minimally invasive, shorter
application time and less reflex tear stimulation, it is less preferred than
STT. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the physiological aqueous
tear production rate that has not been previously reported with PRTT in Kangal
breed dogs, grown commonly in our region. The material of the study was
consisted of a total of 28 Kangal breed healthy dogs, allocated to two equal
groups (group I and group II), 14 lower (7 male, 7 female, n = 14, 28 eyes) and
14 higher (7 male, 7 female, n = 14, 28 eyes) than 1 years old. The aqueous
tear production rate of both eyes of the subjects was measured with phenol red
thread, placed in the lateral cantus for 15 seconds. The average of
physiological aqueous tear production rate of the all dogs, regardless of age
and eye side, was recorded as 27.31±0.20 mm/15 sec. The difference between the
average of the aqueous tear production rate taken from the right and left eyes
of both groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The difference
between the mean values of group I (27.55±0.25 mm/15 sec.) and group II
(27.07±0.31 mm/15 sec.) was also insignificant (P>0.05). These results show
that PRTT provides safe and rapid results in the measurement of aqueous tear
production rate in Kangal breed dogs. It is thought that the obtained data can
be taken as reference by researchers working in this field and clinicians.

Keywords

Precorneal tear film, Physiological aqueous tear production rate, Phenol red thread test, Kangal breed dog

References

• Alkan F, Izci C, Tepeli C, Koc Y, 2004: Evaluation of the Schirmer tear test in clinically normal Turkish hunting dogs. Vlaams Dier ge nees kun dig Tijd schrift, 73, 263-279.
• Barabino S, Chen W, Dana MR, 2004: Tear film and ocular surface tests in animal models of dry eye: uses and limitations. Exp Eye Res, 79, 613–621.
• Biricik HS, Oğuz H, Köse M, 2003: Kuzularda Gözyaşı Sekresyonunun İplik Testi ile Klinik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. FÜ Sağ BİL Vet Derg, 17, 211-215.
• Biricik HS, Oğuz H, Sindak N, Gürkan T, Hayat A, 2005: Evaluation of the Schirmer and phenol red thread tests for measuring tear secretion in rabbits. Vet Rec, 156, 485-7.
• Cho P, 1993: The cotton thread test: a brief review and a clinical study of its reliability on Hong Kong-Chinese. Optom Vis Sci, 70, 804-8.
• Douet JY, Regnier A, Dongay A, Jugant S, Jourdan G, Concordet D, 2018: Effect of sedation with butorphanol on variables pertaining to the ophthalmic examination in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol, 21, 52-458.
• Erol M, Erol H, Atalan G, Doğan Z, Yönez MK, Melek Ş, 2018: Tavşanlarda Sistemik Olarak Kullanılan Midazolam, Ketamin ve İsofluranın Gözyaşı Üretimi ve Göziçi Basıncı Üzerine Olan Etkilerinin Deneysel Olarak Araştırılması. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg, 7, 21-25.
• Gayton JL, 2009: Etiology, prevalence, and treatment of dry eye disease. Clin Ophthalmol, 3, 405–412.
• Gelatt KN, 2012: Basic veterinary ophthalmology. Malatya (Turkey): Medipres Printing.
• Hakanson NW, Arnesson K, 1997: Temporal variation in tear production in normal beagle dogs as determined by Schirmer tear test. Vet Comp Ophtalmol, 7, 196-203.
• Hamano H, Hori M, Hamano T, Mitsunaga S, Maeshima J, Kojima S, Kawabe H, Hamano T, 1983: A new method for measuring tears. CLAO J, 9, 281-9.
• Hamor RE, Roberts SM, Severin GA, Chavkin MJ, 2000: Evaluation of results for Schirmer tear tests conducted with and without application of a topical anesthetic in clinically normal dogs of 5 breeds. Am J Vet Res, 61, 1422-1425.
• Izci C, Avki S, Alkan F, 1995: An Experimental study on the effect of topically used atropine on tear production of dogs. J Vet Sci, 11, 25-31.
• Kulualp K, Kilic S, 2012: Evaluation of the effects of different therapeutic agents on experimental dry eye (DE) for the purposes of ocular surface impairment in mice. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11, 1555–1563.
• Lange RR, Lima L, Przydzimirski AC, Montiani-Ferreira F, 2013: Reference values for the production of the aqueous fraction of the tear film measured by the standardized endodontic absorbent paper point test in different exotic and laboratory animal species. Vet Ophthalmol, 17, 41–45.
• Lima L, Lange RR, Turner-Giannico A, Montiani-Ferreira F, 2015: Evaluation of standardized endodontic paper point tear test in New Zealand white rabbits and comparison between corneal sensitivity followed tear tests, Vet Ophthalmol, 1, 119–124.
• McCabe E, Narayanan S, 2009: Advancements in anti-inflammatory therapy for dry eye syndrome. Optometry, 80, 555–566.
• Mun MA, Dhaliwal GK, Abullah NC, Hassan L, Min CS, 2010: Baseline Values of Canine Tear Production Determined by Schirmer Tear and Phenol Red Thread Tests. 5th Proceedings of the Seminar in Veterinary Sciences, 5 - 8 January 2010.
• Oguz H, Karadede S, Gurler B, Kilic A, 2001: “Cotton thread” testinin (fenol kirmizisi emdirilmis iplik testi) klinik olarak kullanilmasi [The clinical use of cotton thread test (phenol red impregnated thread test)]. Turk J Ophthalmol, 31, 465-469.
• Perry HD, 2008: Dry-eye disease: pathophysiology, classification, and diagnosis. Am J Manag Care, 14, 79–87.
• Rolando M, Zierhut M, 2001: The ocular surface and tear film and their dysfunction in dry eye disease. Surv Ophthalmol, 45, 203–210.
• Rubin LF, Lynch RK, Stockman WS, 1965: Clinical estimation of lacrimal function in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 147, 946-947.
• Saito A, Kotani T, 1999: Tear production in dogs with epiphora and corneal epitheliopathy. Vet Ophtalmol, 3, 173-178.
• Saito A, Kotani T, 2001: Estimation of lacrimal level and testing methods on normal beagles. Vet Ophtalmology, 4, 7-11.
• Saito A, Izumisawa Y, Yamashita K, Kotani T, 2001: The effect of third eyelid gland removal on the ocular surface of dogs. Vet Ophthalmol, 4, 13-18.
• SPSS, 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
• Tavares FP, Fernandes RS, Bernardes TF, Bonfioli AA, Soares EJ, 2010: Dry eye disease, Semin Ophthalmol, 25, 84-93.
• Verboven CA, Djajadiningrat-Laanen SC, Teske E, Boevé MH, 2014: Development of tear production and intraocular pressure in healthy canine neonates. Vet Ophthalmol, 17, 426-31.
• Wyman M, Gilber B, Mueller P, Norris K, 1995: Clinical evaluation of a new Schirmer tear test in the dog. Vet Comp Ophtalmol, 5, 211-214.
• Yokoi N, Kinoshita S, Bron AJ, Tiffany JM, Sugita J, Inatomi T, 2000: Tear meniscus changes during cotton thread and Schirmer testing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 41, 3748–3753.
• Zhu Z, Stevenson D, Schechter JE, Mircheff AK, Atkinson R, Trousdale, MD, 2003: Lacrimal histopathology and ocular surface disease in a rabbit model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis. Cornea, 22, 25-32.