Investigation of the temperature effect on the mechanical properties of 3D printed composites

Year 2021, , 188 - 193, 15.08.2021

Hamed Tanabi

https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.862304

Cited By: 8

Abstract

Short fiber reinforced additively manufactured components are lightweight yet durable materials with a wide range of potential applications in various industries such as aerospace and automotive. The fabricated specimens may be subjected to various thermal conditions ranging from -20 up to 60 °C during their service life. This study aims to investigate the of effect temperature on mechanical properties of the 3D printed short glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 (GFPA6) composites and ABS as an unreinforced polymer. In accordance with ASTM D638, tensile test specimens were fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. The fabricated samples were subjected to tensile load to investigate the stiffness and strength while temperatures set to -20, 20, 40, and 60 °C. The mechanisms of failure were identified based on fracture surface microscopic analysis. The glass fiber reinforced PA6 showed higher stiffness and strength up to 56% and 59% compare to ABS. At elevated temperatures, specimens showed a large deformation with a significant decline in tensile strength. It was observed that the dominant failure mechanism for ABS was the breakage of the deposed filaments while fiber pull-out was the dominant failure mechanism for GFPA6 material.

Keywords

Additive manufacturing, FDM, Fiber reinforcement, Structural analysis, 3D print

References

• 1. Dey A. and Yodo N. , A systematic survey of FDM process parameter optimization and their influence on part characteristics. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2019. 3(3).
• 2. Daminabo S.C., Goel S., Grammatikos S.A., Nezhad H.Y. and Thakur V.K., Fused deposition modeling-based additive manufacturing (3D printing): techniques for polymer material systems. Materials Today Chemistry, 2020. 16: p. 100248.
• 3. Mohammadizadeh M., Imeri A., Fidan I. and Elkelany M., 3D printed fiber reinforced polymer composites - Structural analysis. Composites Part B, 2019. 175: p. 107112.
• 4. Mortazavian S. and Fatemi A., Effects of fiber orientation and anisotropy on tensile strength and elastic modulus of short fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B, 2015. 72: p. 116–129.
• 5. Tian X., Liu T., Yang C., Wang Q. and Li D., Interface and performance of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016. 88: p. 198–205.
• 6. Justo J., Távara L. and París F., Characterization of 3D printed long fibre reinforced composites. Composite Structures, 2018. 185: p. 537–548.
• 7. Ning F., Cong W., Qiu J., Wei J. and Wang S., Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modeling. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2015. 80: p. 369–378.
• 8. Li N., Li Y. and Liu S., Rapid prototyping of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites by 3D printing. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2016. 238: p. 218–225.
• 9. Heidari-Rarani M., Rafiee-Afarani M. and Zahedi A.M., Mechanical characterization of FDM 3D printing of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019. 175: p. 107147.
• 10. Caminero M.A., Chacón J.M., García-moreno I. and Rodríguez G.P., Impact damage resistance of 3D printed continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modelling. Composites Part B, 2018. 148: p. 93–103.
• 11. Yasa E. and Ersoy K., Dimensional Accuracy and Mechanical Properties of Chopped Carbon Reinforced Polymers Produced by Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing. Materials, 2019. 12(3885).
• 12. Yu S., Hyeong Y., Yeon J. and Hyung S., Analytical study on the 3D-printed structure and mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced PLA composites using X-ray microscopy. Composites Science and Technology, 2019. 175: p. 18–27.
• 13. Attaran M., The rise of 3-D printing: The advantages of additive manufacturing over traditional manufacturing. Business Horizons, 2017. 60(5): p. 677–688.
• 14. Ngo T.D., Kashani A., Imbalzano G., Nguyen K.T.Q. and Hui D., Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018. 143: p. 172–196.
• 15. Azarov A. V, Antonov F.K., Golubev M. V, Khaziev A.R. and Ushanov S.A., Composite 3D printing for the small size unmanned aerial vehicle structure. Composites Part B, 2019. 169: p. 157–163.
• 16. Chen W. and Zhang Y., Development and application of 3D printing technology in various fields. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019. 1303(1).
• 17. Moon S.K., Tan Y.E., Hwang J. and Yoon Y.J., Application of 3D printing technology for designing light-weight unmanned aerial vehicle wing structures. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology, 2014. 1(3): p. 223–228.
• 18. Tymrak B.M., Kreiger M. and Pearce J.M., Mechanical properties of components fabricated with open-source 3-D printers under realistic environmental conditions. Materials and Design, 2014. 58: p. 242–246.
• 19. Torrado A.R., Shemelya C.M., English J.D., Lin Y., Wicker R.B. et al, Characterizing the effect of additives to ABS on the mechanical property anisotropy of specimens fabricated by material extrusion 3D printing. Additive Manufacturing, 2015. 6: p. 16–29.
• 20. Cantrell J., Rohde S., Damiani D., Gurnani R., Disandro L. et al, Experimental Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed ABS and Polycarbonate Parts. 2017. 3: p. 89–105.
• 21. Wang J., Xie H., Weng Z., Senthil T. and Wu L., A novel approach to improve mechanical properties of parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling. Materials and Design, 2016. 105: p. 152–159.
• 22. Wang X., Zhao L., Ying J. and Fuh H., Effect of Porosity on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Polymers : Experiments and Micromechanical Modeling Based on X-ray Computed Tomography Analysis. Polymers (Basel), 2019. 11(7): p. 1154.
• 23. Takahashi R., Shohji I., Seki Y. and Maruyama S., Mechanical Properties of Short Fiber-Reinforced. In: International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP). JIEP, Toyama, pp 778–781.