SİMGESEL PEYZAJ TASARIMI ARACILIĞIYLA KİMLİĞİN SERGİLENMESİ

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 142 - 153, 29.12.2017

Sema Mumcu , Serap Yılmaz , Doruk Görkem Özkan

https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.2106

Abstract

Sürekli değişen
dünyada tutarlılık insanlar için vazgeçilmez bir ihtiyaçtır ve tutarlılığın arayışında
mekanlarla kurulan duygusal bağlar, psikolojik dengenin önemli bir
bileşenidirler. Bu nedenle insan-mekan etkileşiminin sonucu oluşan yer kimliği,
yere bağlılık, yer duygusu gibi kavramlar çevresel psikoloji ve çevresel
tasarım alanlarında son yıllarda daha sıklıkla dile getirilmektedirler. Bu
araştırmada yer kimliği kavramına odaklanılmıştır. Mekanın tasarlanması süreci
içinde kimlik ve simgesellik nasıl ele alınır? Bir topluma ait değerler ve
kimlik, mekan bileşen ve öğeleriyle nasıl ilişkilendirilir? Bu sorulara ilişkin
çevresel tasarım ve çevresel psikoloji alanında önemli bir boşluk vardır.
Tasarımcıların yerin kimliğini göz önünde bulundurarak yerin oluşumunda neleri
önemsediği, neleri daha sık kullandığı bu çalışmada anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü’nde farklı yıllarda
toplam 97 son sınıf öğrencisi ile yürütülen araştırmada öğrencilere
Trabzon’daki bir kent parkında simgesel bir mekan tasarlanacağı; bu durumda
öğrencilerin tasarım konseptleri, tasarlanacak mekanın türü, mekanda yer alacak
etkinlikler ve mekan bileşenlerinin neler olacağı sorusu yöneltilmiştir.
Konseptlerin sınıflandırılması en çok kentin kültürel özelliklerine, daha sonra
sosyal özelliklerine ve ardından doğal özelliklerine odaklanıldığını
göstermiştir. Ayrıca mekan türleri, etkinlikler ve mekan bileşenlerine ilişkin
analizler de yürütülmüştür. Kente ilişkin kültürel ve sosyal özelliklerin ve
kentle özdeşleşmiş etkinliklerin (horon/kolbastı oynamak, kemençe dinlemek,
hamsi şöleni vb. gibi) ağırlık kazanması yerel kimliğe ağırlık verildiğini,
milli/ulusal kimliğin de vurgulandığı ancak yerel kimlik kadar tasarım
kararlarına yansımadığı saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Peyzaj Tasarımı, mekan kimliği, simgesel mekan, etkinlik türleri, mekansal bileşen

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