Özbekistan’ın Komşu ve Küçük Bir Devlet Olarak Afganistan Barış Sürecindeki Rolü

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 43 - 61, 31.08.2020

Muhammet Fatih Özkan , Otabek Omonkulov

https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8539.2020.6.2.03

Abstract

Afganistan’da barışın tesis edilmesi için son yirmi yılda çeşitli uluslararası aktörlerin girişimleri olmuştur. Bu makale, bu aktörlerden biri olan Özbekistan’ın Afganistan barış sürecinin özellikle son dönemlerinde belirginleşen arabulucu rolüne ele almaktadır. Nitekim Doha’da imzalanan barış antlaşmasına kadar Özbekistan’ın benimsediği dış politika, uluslararası arabuluculuğun kullanıldığı durumlarla uygunluk göstermektedir. Özellikle devletlerin komşularındaki krizleri çözme konusundaki arabuluculuk motivasyonlarıyla, Afganistan’a komşu bir ülke olarak Özbekistan’ın arabuluculuk çabalarının ardındaki temel nedenler önemli benzerlikler taşımaktadır. Çalışmada bu gerekçeler ekonomik, güvenlik ve uluslararası prestij arayışı şeklinde üç başlık altında toplanmaktadır. Taşkent’in Afganistan barış sürecinde karşılaştığı zorluk ve fırsatlar da küçük devletlerin uluslararası arabuluculuktaki sınırlılıkları ve avantajlarına benzemektedir. Küçük devlet statüsü, Özbekistan’a her zaman istediği sonuçları elde etme şansı vermese de barışçıl ve tehdit içermeyen konumuyla tarafların güvenini kazanabilmesini sağlamıştır. Taşkent, sürece genel olarak çatışan taraflarla ayrı ayrı diyalog kurma, topraklarının görüşmeler için kullanılmasını teklif etme, diğer üçüncü taraflarla yakın işbirliğini sürdürme ve uluslararası toplantılara ev sahipliği yapma gibi katkılar sunmuştur.

Keywords

Arabuluculuk, Küçük Devletler, Özbekistan Dış Politikası, Afganistan Barış Süreci

Uzbekistan’s Mediator Role in the Afghan Peace Process as a Neighboring and Small State

Abstract

Various international actors have attempted to establish peace in Afghanistan in the last two decades. This article addresses the mediator role of Uzbekistan, one of these actors, which had become visible especially in the last stages of the Afghan peace process. The foreign policy adopted by Uzbekistan until the peace treaty signed in Doha is compatible with the cases where mediation is used in international politics. In particular, the mediation motivations of states to solve crises in their neighbors have significant similarities with the main reasons behind the mediation efforts of Uzbekistan, as a neighboring country to Afghanistan. This article categorizes these motives under three headings as economic, security and international prestige. The difficulties and opportunities that Tashkent faced in Afghan peace process also resemble the limitations and advantages of small states in international mediation. Although the small state status did not always provide Uzbekistan a chance to achieve the desired results, it allowed gaining the trust of the parties because of its peaceful and non-threatening position. Tashkent has contributed to the process by establishing dialogue with the conflicting sides individually, proposing the use of its territory for the negotiations, maintaining close cooperation with other third parties, and hosting international meetings.

Keywords

Mediation, Small States, Foreign Policy of Uzbekistan, Afghan Peace Process

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