Kapitalizm, Küreselleşme ve Covid-19 Sonrası Yeni Dünya Düzeni

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 35 - 57, 31.08.2021

Orhan Cengiz

https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8539.2021.7.2.03

Abstract

Covid-19 krizi, sadece içinde bulunduğumuz dönemi biçimlendirecek sonuçlara yol açmamış, bunun yanında küresel sistemde ekonomik, politik, kültürel, teknolojik gelişmeleri değiştirecek ve dönüştürecek dinamikleri de yaratmıştır. Covid-19 krizi her ne kadar sağlık alanında meydana gelen bir gelişme olsa da sadece bu bağlamda ele alınamayacak kadar yapısal bir derinliğe sahiptir. Her şeyin “en çoklaştırılması” mantığına göre işleyen kapitalizmde, üretim tarzının çalışma koşulları üzerindeki etkisi, en fazla sağlık alanında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunun yanında üretimin, doğanın tahribatı pahasına gerçekleşmesi, sağlık alanında yaşanan krizleri tetiklemektedir. Küreselleşme, yaşanan bu tür krizlerin kısa sürede tüm dünyaya yayılmasını çok kolay hâle getirmektedir. Covid-19 krizi, kapitalizmin ve bununla iç içe geçen küreselleşmenin yol açtığı yıkıcı tablo yanında küresel sistemin işleyişine yönelik yeni bir düzenin nasıl şekilleneceği tartışmalarını da şiddetlendirmiştir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19’un küresel sistemin işleyişi üzerinde yarattığı etkilerden yola çıkarak, Covid-19 sonrası dünya düzeninin nasıl şekilleneceğinin analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmanın ortaya koyduğu temel sonuçlar şu şekildedir: i) Covid-19 krizi, her şeyden önce küreselleşmenin yeniden sorgulanmasına yol açmıştır. Bununla bağlantılı olarak, neoliberal sistemde serbestleşmenin kendiliğinden işleyen düzeni sağlamada başarısız olduğu ve ulus-devletlerin rollerinin hayati öneme sahip olduğu öne çıkmıştır. ii) Krizle mücadelede devletin müdahale alanlarının genişlemesi, otoriterlikle ilgili endişeleri de artırmıştır. Gelişmiş demokratik ülkelerin birçoğunun krizin yönetiminde başarısız olması ve bu ülkelerin bazılarında otoriter eğilimlerin artması bahsedilen durumu tetiklemiştir. iii) ABD ile Çin arasındaki rekabet krizle beraber daha da derinleşmiştir. Covid-19 sonrası yeni düzenin şekillenmesinde, iki aktör arasındaki mücadelenin belirleyici güçlerinin artacağı; fakat bunun iki kutuplu bir dünya düzeni yerine çok kutuplu bir düzeninde gerçekleşeceği öngörülmektedir

Keywords

Covid-19, Kapitalizm, Kriz, Küreselleşme, Yeni Dünya Düzeni

Capitalism, Globalization, and the New World Order After Covid-19

Abstract

The Covid-19 crisis, not only caused the consequences that will shape the current period, but also created the dynamics that will change and transform economic, political, cultural, and technological developments in the global system. Although the Covid-19 crisis is a development in health, it has a deep structural depth that cannot be addressed only in this context. In capitalism, which operates according to the logic of ‘maximizing’ of everything, the impact of the mode of production on working conditions emerges the most in health. Besides, the fact that production takes place at the expense of nature triggers health crises. Globalization, an integral part of modern capitalism, makes it very easy for such crises to spread to the whole world quickly.

In addition to the destructive picture caused by the capitalist system and the intertwined globalization, the Covid-19 crisis has also intensified the discussions on how to shape a new order for the global system's functioning. The aim of this study is to analyze how the world order will be shaped after Covid-19, based on the impacts of Covid-19 on the process of the global system. The basic results revealed by the study are as follows: i) First of all, the Covid-19 crisis has led to a requestion of globalization. In connection with this, it has emerged that liberalization in the neoliberal system has failed to maintain a self-functioning order and that nation-states’ roles are vital. ii) The widening of the state’s intervention in the struggle the crisis has also increased authoritarianism concerns. Many developed democratic countries’ failure to manage the crisis and the increase in authoritarian tendencies in some of these countries triggered this situation. iii) The competition between the USA and China has deepened with the crisis. In shaping the new order after Covid-19, the determining forces of the struggle between the two actors will increase; however, it is predicted that this will occur in a multipolar order instead of a bipolar world order.

Keywords

Covid-19, Capitalism, Crisis, Globalization, New World Order

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