Abstract
Although the idea of evolution, which is generally built on principles and thesicles such as similarities, differences, descening from a common ancestor, genetic transmission, natural selection and the survival of the fittest among living beings reached its peak with Darwin in the nineteenth century, it has gone back much further historically. The idea that living beings or social structures change/evolve from the simple to the complex in line with certain principles and over time, has been an issue that has been dealt with by many thinkers since the first periods of the history of thought. However, throughout history, the idea that living beings existed and continued to exist in accordance with certain principles could not gain a scientific explanation qualification due to the limitations of existing scientific data, processes such as similarity, kinship, diversification, natural selection or survival of the fittest among living beings could not be fully explained in the light of scientific findings. Within this framework, the scientific history of evolutionist thought in the modern sense is much more recent. This article primarily deals with the efforts to reconstruct the boundaries between religion and science, which Herbert Spencer opened up for discussion in his work titled First Principles, and the thoughts on scientific knowledge and evolution developed by the thinker within these boundaries.