Underemployment among Postgraduate Turkish Students

Year 2017, , 38 - 49, 31.12.2017

Brahim Bouzidani

https://doi.org/10.25203/idd.304401

Abstract

This
study is an attempt to understand the issue of underemployment among the
Turkish postgraduate students. In order to achieve its aim, the study
highlighted four main points. Firstly, the study tried to identify the main
causes of underemployment. Secondly, to characterize which of the
underemployment causes are affecting the participant more. Thirdly, identify
the consequences of underemployment on participants’ life. Lastly, to learn
more about the coping strategies that participants use to deal with negative
consequences of underemployment. A semi-structured interview
has
been used to collect data from five (5) postgraduate Turkish students. The
results showed that, there are four main causes of underemployments, which are:
income, skill, status and time-income unbalance. 

Keywords

underemployment, income, skill

Lisansüstü Eğitim Gören Türk Öğrenciler Arasında Alan Dışı İstihdam

Abstract

 Amaç : Bu çalışmanın amacı, lisansüstü eğitim gören Türk öğrenciler arasında alan dışı istihdam
sorunununun incelenmesidir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, çalışmada dört temel nokta
öne çıkarılmıştır. Birinci nokta; alan dışı istihdama sebebiyet veren temel
nedenlerin belirlenmesi. İkinci nokta; bu nedenlerden hangilerinin ankete
katılan kişileri daha fazla etkilediğinin tespit edilmesi. Üçüncü nokta; alan
dışı istihdamın katılımcıların hayatlarında doğurduğu sonuçlarla, eksik
istihdam sonuçlarının belirlenmesi. Dördüncü ve son nokta ise; katılımcıların
bu sonuçlarla baş etmek için takip ettikleri çözüm yolları. 

Tasarım/Yöntem: Yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat 

Sonuçlar: Araştırma, alan dışı
istihdamın dört temel nedeni olduğunu ortaya koymuştur: Gelir, beceri, itibar
ve zaman-gelir dengesizliği.

Özgün Değer:

Keywords

Alan dışı istihdam, gelir, beceri

References

• Adams, J. S. (1976). Equity theory revisited: Comments and annotated bibliography. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 9, pp. 45-90). New York: Academic Press.
• Benach, Joan. and Charles Muntaner. (2007). Precarious Employment and Health: Developing a Research Agenda. British Medical Journal 61(4). Retrieved May 11 2013, from (http://jech.bmj.com/content/61/4/276.full.pdf+html).
• Burke, R. J. (1998). Work stressors among recent business school graduates. Stress Medicine, 14, 83–89.
• Burris, B. H. (1983). The human effects of underemployment. Social Problems, 31, 96–110.
• BW Research (2011). Underemployment Survey, Santa Clara County - BW Research Partnership, Inc. and Green LMI partnered with work2future to conduct an underemployment survey of Santa Clara residents 18 to 64 years of age.
• Caplan, R. D. (1983) ‘Person-environment fit: Past, present and future’, in C. L. Cooper (ed.) Stress Research: Issues for the Eighties. Chichester: Wiley.
• Dooley, D., & Prause, J. (1998). Underemployment and alcohol misuse in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59, 669–680.
• Dooley, D., & Prause, J. (1999). Underemployment as disguised unemployment and its social costs. Paper presented at the APA-NIOSH Interdisciplinary Conference on Work, Stress, and Health ’99: Organization of Work in a Global Economy,Baltimore.
• Duval, A., Li, C. and Gervais, G. (2006). “The Dynamics of Over-qualification: Canada’s Underemployed University Graduates,” Statistics Canada Analytical Paper, Catalogue no. 11-621-MIE2006039: 7.
• Feldman, D. C. (1996). The Nature, Antecedents and Consequences of Underemployment. Journal of Management 22(3). Retrieved May 7 2013, from (http://journals1.scholarsportal.info/tmp/17543244007352185903.pdf).
• Feldman, D. C. (1996). The nature, antecedents, and consequences of underemployment. Journal of Management, 22, 385–407.
• Feldman,D.C., & Turnley, W. H. (1995). Underemployment among recent business college graduates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 691–706.
• Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210.
• French, J. R. P., Jr., Caplan, R. D., & Harrison, R. V. (1982). The mechanisms of job stress and strain. London: Wiley.
• Friedland, D. S. & Price, R. H. (2003). Underemployment: consequences for the health and well-being of workers. American Journal of Community Psychology, 80, 33–43.
• Hamilton, L. K. (2011). A model of perceived underemployment among immigrants in Canada. School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Western Ontario.
• Head, J., Stansfeld, S. A., & Siegrist, J. (2004). The psychosocial work environment and alcohol dependence: a prospective study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Issue March (2004): Vol. 61 (3), pp. 219-24.
• Herzog, A. R., House, J. S., & Morgan, J. N. (1991). Relations of work and retirement to health and well-being in older age. Psychology and Aging, 6, 202–211.
• Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind, Berkshire UK: McGraw- Hill.
• ILO. (1998). World employment report 1998-99: Global financial crisis to hike world unemployment. "Grim and getting grimmer". World of Work. 27. [On-line: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inf/magazine/27/crisis.htm].
• ILO. (2004). Global employment trends 2004. Geneva: International Labour Office.
• ILO. (2010). Global Employment Trends (Geneva, January 2010). [On-line: http://www.ilo.org/Search3/search.do;jsessionid=8C0B83F7A72F9A2E1A0132B616031515?searchWhat=Global+employment+trends+2010].
• ILO. (2012). The Youth Employment Crisis: Time For Action. Youth Employment Forum (Geneva, 23–25 May 2012). [On-line: http://www.ilo.org/ilc/ILCSessions/101stSession/reports/reports-submitted/WCMS_175421/lang--fr/index.htm.].
• Johnson, G. J. (1986). The effects of underemployment and being underpaid on psychological functioning among working men (Doctoral dissertation, University of
• Michigan, 1986). Dissertation Abstracts International, 47(6–A) 2339.
• Johnson, G. J., & Johnson, W. R. (1996). Perceived overqualification and psychological well-being. Journal of Social Psychology, 136, 435–445.
• Kahn, L. J., & Morrow, P. C. (1991). Objective and subjective underemployment relationships to job satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 22, 211–218.
• Livingstone, D. W. (1998). The education-jobs gap: Underemployment or economic democracy. Toronto: Garamond Press.
• Maddocks, H. L. (2012). Underemployment, unemployment, and mental health (Doctoral dissertation, the University of Western Ontario). Retrieved May 5 2013, from (ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1648&context=etd)
• Maynard, D. C., Joseph, T. A., & Maynard, A. M. (2006). Underemployment, job attitudes, and turnover intentions. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 27, 509-536.
• O’Brien, G. E., & Feather, N. T. (1990). The relative effects of unemployment and quality of employment on the affect, work values, and personal control of adolescents. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 151–165.
• Prause, J., & Dooley, D. (1997). Effect of underemployment on school-leaver’s self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence, 20, 243–260.
• Raykov, M. M. (2009). Underemployment and health-related quality of life (Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto). Retrieved May 5 2013, from (https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/.../Raykov_Milosh_M_200911_PhD...)
• Zvonkovic, A. M. (1988). Underemployment: Individual and marital adjustment to income loss. Lifestyles: Family and Economic Issues, 9, 161-178.