GELİR GETİREN BİR İŞTE ÇALIŞAN VE ÇALIŞMAYAN KADINLARDA DUYGUSAL ÖZ-FARKINDALIK DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 31 - 41, 31.05.2018

Arkun Tatar , Hüdanur Özdemir , Behmen Çelikbaş

https://doi.org/10.25203/idd.414597

Cited By: 1

Abstract

 Amaç :Bu çalışmada gelir getiren
bir işte çalışan ve çalışmayan kadınların duygusal öz-farkındalık düzeyleri
karşılaştırılarak iş yaşamının duygusal öz-farkındalık üzerindeki etkisinin
araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Çalışma iki aşamadan
oluşmaktadır. Birinci aşamada Duygusal Zeka Haritası’nın alt ölçeklerinden biri
olan Duygusal Öz-Farkındalık Ölçeği Türkçe’ye çevrilmiş ve psikometrik
özellikleri kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bu aşamasına 18-75
yaşları arasında 868 kadın ve 683 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 1551 kişi
katılmıştır. Bu kişilerden 98’i 15 gün sonra gerçekleştirilen tekrar test
çalışmasına, 102’si ise ayırt edici ve kriter bağıntılı geçerlik çalışmasına
katılmıştır. Ölçeğin faktör yapısı açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri
ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca çevirisi yapılan ölçek için test-tekrar test
güvenirliği ile ayırt edici ve kriter bağıntılı geçerlik için korelasyon
katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık güvenirlik katsayısı için
Cronbach Alfa değeri belirlenmiştir.

Sonuçlar: Elde edilen sonuçlar
incelendiğinde, ölçeğin temel psikometrik beklentileri karşıladığı ve geçerli
bir yapıya sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın ikinci aşaması, gelir getiren
bir işte çalışan 163 kadın ve gelir getiren bir işte çalışmayan 146 ev hanımı
olmak üzere 19-73 yaş aralığındaki 309 katılımcı ile yürütülmüştür. Duygusal
öz-farkındalık puanları, sosyodemografik değişkenler de analize dahil edilerek
iki yönlü varyans analizi ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Özgün Değer:İki grubun puanları
karşılaştırıldığında, gelir getiren bir işte çalışan kadınların duygusal
öz-fakındalık düzeylerinin çalışmayan kadınlara oranla daha yüksek olduğu
bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları alanyazındaki ilgili çalışmalar doğrultusunda
tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

duygusal öz-farkındalık, duygusal zeka, iş performansı, çalışan kadınlar

Examination of Emotional Self-Awareness Levels in Working and Non-Working Women in a Revenue-Generating Jobs

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effects of working life on emotional self-awareness by making a comparison between working women and non-working in terms of their emotional self-awareness levels. 

Methods: This research consists of two studys. In the first stage, Emotional Self-Awareness subscale of the Emotional Quotient Map was translated into Turkish and psychometric characteristics of the scale were investigated comprehensively (n=1551). Out of these participants, 98 people took place in the retest study, which was scheduled to be administered 15 days after the first application, and 102 people participated in the discriminant and criterion validity study. In order to examine the factor structure, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Additionally, correlation coefficient was calculated for the test-retest reliability and for discriminant and criterion validities.

Results: Results of these analyses suggest the scale has met the basic psychometric requirements and has a valid structure. The second part of the study was conducted with 146 women working in various revenue-generating jobs and 163 non-working women, a total of 309 participants between 19-73 ages. Two-way analyses of variance were carried out to compare emotional self-awareness scores in association with socio-demographic variables.

Originality:  A comparison of the two groups’ scores reveals that women working in revenue-generating jobs tend to be more emotionally self-aware then women who do not work. The findings were discussed in line with the related 

Keywords

emotional self-awareness, emotional intelligence, job performance, working women, non-working women

References

• Abraham, R. (1999). Emotional intelligence in organizations: a conceptualization. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 125(2), 209-224.
• Aslan, Ş., & Özata, M. (2006). Sağlık yöneticilerinde duygusal zekâ boyutlarının Cooper Sawaf haritasıyla araştırılması. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 9(2), 197-222.
• Bajgar, J., Ciarrochi, J., Lane, R., & Deane, F. P. (2005). Developmental of The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale for Children (LEAS-C). British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 23(4), 569-586.
• Barchard, K. A., Bajgar, J., Leaf, D. E., & Lane, R. D. (2010). Computer scoring of the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale. Behavior Research Methods, 42(2), 586-595.
• Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of Emotional-Social Intelligence (ESI). Psicothema, 18 (Suppl.), 13-25.
• Bar-On, R., Tranel, D., Denburg, N. L., & Bechara, A. (2003). Exploring the neurological substrate of emotional and social intelligence. Brain, 126(8), 1790-1800.
• Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism and normal sex differences. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(2), 163-175.
• Boden, M. T., Bonn-Miller, M. O., Kashdan, T. B., Alvarez, J., & Gross, J. J. (2012). The interactive effects of emotional clarity and cognitive reappraisal in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 233-238.
• Bora, E., & Baysan, L. (2009). Empati Ölçeği-Türkçe formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde psikometrik özellikleri. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 19(1), 39-47.
• Boyatzis, R. E. (2009). Competencies as a behavioral approach to emotional intelligence. Journal of Management Development, 28(9), 749-770.
• Boyatzis, R. E., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI). Handbook of Emotional Intelligence, 99(6), 343-362.
• Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., Shiffman, S., Lerner, N., & Salovey, P. (2006). Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: a comparison of self-report and performance measures of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 780-795.
• Bratton, V. K., Dodd, N. G., & Brown, F. W. (2011). The impact of emotional intelligence on accuracy of self-awareness and leadership performance. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 32(2), 127-149.
• Carmeli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: an examination among senior managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(8), 788-813.
• Cooper, R. K., & Sawaf, A. (1997). Executive EQ: emotional intelligence in leadership and organizations. New York: The Berkley Publishing Group.
• Cote, S., & Miners, C. T. (2006). Emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and job performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(1), 1-28.
• Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. (2004). Can emotional intelligence be developed? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(1), 95-111.
• Extremera, N., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2006). Emotional intelligence as predictor of mental, social, and physical health in university students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 45-51.
• Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Extremera, N. (2006). Emotional intelligence: a theoretical and empirical review of its first 15 years of history. Psicothema, 18(Suppl.), 2-12.
• Frajo-Apor, B., Pardeller, S., Kemmler, G., Welte, A. S., & Hofer, A. (2016). Emotional intelligence deficits in schizophrenia: the impact of non-social cognition. Schizophrenia Research, 172(1), 131-136.
• Gayathri, N., & Meenakshi, K. (2013). A literature review of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 2(3), 42-51.
• Goleman, D. (2001). An EI-based theory of performance. In C. Cherniss and D. Goleman (Eds.), The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace: How to Select for, Measure and Improve EI in Individuals, Groups, and Organizations (pp. 27-44). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Höpfl, H., & Linstead, S. (1997). Introduction: learning to feel and feeling to learn: emotion and learning in organizations. Management Learning, 28(1), 5-12.
• Hopkins, M. M., & Yonker, R. D. (2015). Managing conflict with emotional intelligence: abilities that make a difference. Journal of Management Development, 34(2), 226-244.
• Joseph, D. L., Jin, J., Newman, D. A., & O'boyle, E. H. (2015). Why does self-reported emotional intelligence predict job performance? A meta-analytic investigation of mixed EI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 298-342.
• Killian, K. D. (2012). Development and validation of the Emotional Self-Awareness Questionnaire: a measure of emotional intelligence. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(3), 502-514.
• Lane, R. D., Hsu, C. H., Locke, D. E. C., Ritenbaugh, C., & Stonnington, C. M. (2015). Role of theory of mind in emotional awareness and alexithymia: implications for conceptualization and measurement. Consciousness and Cognition, 33, 398-405.
• Lane, R. D., Quinlan, D. M., Schwartz, G. E., Walker, P. A., & Zeitlin, S. B. (1990). The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale: a cognitive-developmental measure of emotion. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(1-2), 124-134.
• Lopes, P. N., Grewal, D., Kadis, J., Gall, M., & Salovey, P. (2006). Evidence that emotional intelligence is related to job performance and affect and attitudes at work. Psicothema, 18 (Suppl.), 132-138.
• Mayer, J. D. Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Cherkasskiy, L. (2011). Emotional intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg and S. B. Kaufman, S. B. (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (pp. 528-549). New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Mayer, J. D., Caruso D. R., Salovey, P. (2016) The ability model of emotional intelligence: principles and updates. Emotion Review, 8(4), 290-300.
• Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2002). MSCEIT technical manual. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
• Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2. 0. Emotion, 3(1), 97-105.
• Moon, T. W., & Hur, W. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence, emotional exhaustion, and job performance. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 39(8), 1087-1096.
• Palmer, B. R., Manocha, R., Gignac, G., & Stough, C. (2003). Examining the factor structure of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory with an Australian general population sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(5), 1191-1210.
• Papadogiannis, P. K., Logan, D., Sitarenios, G. (2009). An ability model of emotional intelligence: a rationale, description, and application of the Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). In J. Parker, D. Saklofske, and C. Stough (Eds.), Assessing Emotional Intelligence (pp. 43-65). Boston: Springer.
• Petrides, K. V., Furnham, A., & Frederickson, N. (2004). Emotional intelligence. Psychologist, 17(10), 574-577.
• Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
• Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Bobik, C., Coston, T. D., Greeson, C., Jedlicka, C., Rhodes, E., & Wendorf, G. (2001). Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Relations. The Journal of Social Psychology, 141(4), 523-536.
• Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167-177.
• Subic-Wrana, C., Beutel, M.E., Knebel, A., & Lane, R. D. (2010). Theory of mind and emotional awareness deficits in patients with somatoform disorders. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(4), 404-411.
• Swinkels, A., & Giuliano, T. A. (1995). The measurement and conceptualization of mood awareness: monitoring and labeling one's mood states. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(9), 934-949.
• Tatar, A., Saltukoğlu, G., Alioğlu, S., Çimen, S., Güven, H., & Ay, Ç. E. (2017). Özellik yaklaşımıyla aleksitimiyi ölçme-I: A Aleksitimi Ölçeği madde seçimi ve faktör yapısının oluşturulması. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 54(3), 216-224.
• Tatar, A., Tok, S., Bender, M. T. & Saltukoğlu, G. (2017). Asıl Form Schutte Duygusal Zeka Testinin Türkçeye çevirisi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18(2), 139-146.
• Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., Ryan, D. P., & Parker, J. D. (1990). Validation of the alexithymia construct: a measurement-based approach. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 35(4), 290-297.
• Taylor, G. J., Parker, J. D., & Bagby, R. M. (1999). Emotional intelligence and the emotional brain: points of convergence and implications for psychoanalysis. Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 27(3), 339-354.