Bir Göç Hikâyesi: Columbus Somali Diasporası

Year 2014, Volume: 5 Issue: 14, 38 - 52, 26.04.2018

Fatih Yıldırım

Abstract

Bu makale, göçmenler ve mültecilerin yeni yerleşim
alanlarında dil, eğitim, kültür, etnisite, din vb. faktörlerden dolayı
karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve sıkıntıları Amerika’ya göç etmiş Somalililer
örneğinde tipleştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu tipleştirmenin arkasında iki maksat
yatmaktadır. İlk olarak, özellikle savaş sebebiyle göç etmek zorunda kalan
göçmenler ve mültecilerin tecrübe ettikleri göç ‘olgu’sunun kendileri için ne
kadar da elim verici bir deneyim olduğunu yaşanmış ve yaşanmakta olan bir örnek
üzerinden gösterebilmektir. İkincisi ve daha önemlisi, bu yaşanmışlığı
‘bilimsel’ anlamda “anlamaya ve açıklamaya” çalışırken kategorik ‘genelleme’lerden
uzak durulması teklifidir. Her iki maksadın altında yatan ana maksat ise,
kurduğumuz tipleştirmeden hareketle son yıllarda Suriye ve Irak’tan ülkemize
akan göç dalgasını anlamaya ve sunduğumuz metodolojik tekliflerle de onu
açıklamaya çalışmaktır. 

Keywords

Somali, Somali Diasporası, Göç, Columbus, Ohio, Suriyeli Göçmenler

A Migration Story: Diaspora of Columbus Somali

Abstract

This paper aims to typologize challenges and issues
that immigrants and refugees face in the new settlement due to language,
education, culture, ethnicity, religion etc. in the example of Somali migration
to the US. There are two purposes behind this typology. Based on the unique
example of the Somali migration, the first purpose is to show how painful to
emigrate especially due to war for the immigrants and refugees who have had to
experience it. The second and more important one is to propose not to make
categorical generalizations on the migration studies when understanding and
explaining them social scientifically. The main intention behind those purposes
is to understand and explain the waves of mass migration from Syria and Iraq to
Turkey through the typology and the methodological proposals that we have made.

Keywords

Somalia, the Somali Diaspora, Migration, Columbus, Ohio, Syrian Immigrants

References

• Abdo, G. (2005). Islam in America: Separate but Equal. Washington Quarterly, 28(4): 7-17.
• Aitchison, C., Hopkins, P. E., ve Kwan, M. P. (2007). Geographies of Muslim Identities: Diaspora, Gender and Belonging. London, UK: Ashgate Publishing.
• Ajrouch, K. J. ve Kusow, A. M. (2007). Racial and religious contexts: Situational identities among Lebanese and Somali Muslim immigrants. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(1): 72 94.
• Cadge, W. ve Ecklund, E. H. (2007). Immigration and Religion. Annual Review of Sociology, 33: 359-79.
• Carlson, A. (2004). Education, Islam, and Cultural Preservation: A Qualitative Study of Parents’ and Children’s Educational Objectives, Strategies, and Participation in the Somali Refugee Community of Columbus, Ohio. M.A. Thesis, International Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, OH.
• Central Intelligence Agency. (2014). The World Factbook. 3 Eylül 2014 tarihinde www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html adresinden erişildi.
• Counting the Franklin County Somali Population. (2009). CRP DATA BYTE 2.
• Espiritu, Y. (1992). Asian American Pan Ethnicity: Bridging Institutions and Identities. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
• Fitzgerald, Nina J (Der.). (2002). Somalia: Issues, History, and Bibliography. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
• Haddad. Y. Y. (1994). Maintaining the Faith of the Fathers: Dilemmas of Religious Identity in the Christian and Muslim Arab-American Communities. E. McCarus (Der.), The Development of Arab-American Identity içinde (ss. 61-85). Ann Arbor, MA: The University of Michigan Press.
• Hirschman, C. (2006). The Role of Religion in the Origins and Adaptation of Immigrant Groups in the United States. International Migration Review, 38(3): 1206-1233.
• Kahera, A. I. (2002). Urban Enclaves, Muslim Identity and the Urban Mosque in America. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 22(2): 369-380.
• Kapteijns, L. ve Arman, A. (2008). Educating immigrant youth in the United States: an exploration of the Somali case. Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies, 4: 18-43.
• Kretsedemas, P. ve Aparicio, A. (Der.). (2004). Immigrants, welfare reform, and the poverty of policy. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
• Kusow, A. W. (2006). Migration and Racial Formations Among Somali Immigrants in North America. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32 (3): 533-551.
• Langellier, K. M. (2010). Performing Somali Identity in the Diaspora. Cultural Studies, 24 (1): 66-94.
• Lewis, I. M. (1999). A pastoral democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. Hamburg: LIT.
• Lewis, I. M. (2002). A Modern History of the Somali: Revised, Updated and Expanded. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.
• Lieberman, L. ve Reynolds, L. (1996). ‘Race: the deconstruction of a scientific concept’. Race and Other Misadventures: Essays in Honor of Ashley Montague in His Ninetieth year. New York, NY: General Hall, 142-73.
• Lotfi, A. (2001). Creating Muslim Space in the USA: Masajid and Islamic Centers. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 12(2): 235-254.
• Luling, V. (2006). Genealogy as Theory, Genealogy as Tool: Aspects of Somali ‘Clanship’. Social Identities, 12(4): 471-485.
• Markus, H. (1977). Self-Schemata and Processing of Information About the Self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35: 63-78.
• Nagel, J. (1994). Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture. Social Problems, 41(1): 152-76.
• Ong, A. (1996). Cultural Citizenship as Subject-Making: Immigrants Negotiate Racial and Cultural Boundaries in the United States. Current Anthropology, 37(5): 737-62.
• Portes, A. ve Zhou, M. (1992). Divergent Destinies: Immigration, Poverty, and Entrepreneurship in the United States. Working Paper. Program in Comparative International Development. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University. 24 Mayıs 2009 tarihinde http://ladark.lib.utsa.edu/6/1/ladark8.txt adresinden erişildi.
• Rai, K. (2004). Community-Based Participatory Action Research: Offering Hmong Welfare Recipients’ Voices for Dialogue and Change. Philip Kretsedemas ve Ana Aparicio (Der.), Immigrants, Welfare Reform, and the Poverty of Policy içinde (ss. 187-205). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
• Robillos, M. (2001). Report of Somali Community. Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
• Shandy, D. J. ve Fennelly, K. (2006). A Comparison of the Integration Experiences of Two African Immigrant Populations in a Rural Community. Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work, 25(1): 23-45.
• Smith, J. I. (2000). Islam in America. Columbia, NY: Columbia University Press.
• The State of Black Ohio: At A Crossroads on the Pathway to Opportunity. (2010). Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity at the Ohio State University.
• UNHCR the UN Refugee Agency. http://www.unhcr.org
• UNCHR the UN Refugee Agency. (2014). 2012 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook Country Data Sheet - Somalia U.S. Census Bureau 2010. http://www.census.gov/2010census/
• Yildirim, F. (2011). The Role of Islamic Institutions in Identity Formation Among Somali Adolescents in Columbus, Ohio. M.A. Thesis, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ohio University, Athens, OH.