Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Searching for a New Methodology in Defining the Pattern of Urban Settlement Systems

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: Özel Sayı, 7 - 25, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1151435

Abstract

Today, it is accepted that especially metropolitan cities show complex system features that include many interactions and are driven by these interactions. Christaller's mono-centric city hierarchy has become insufficient to explain these urban spatial organizations on its own due to the non-linear relationships between the elements that make up the system in complex systems, and the diversity of journeys and activity areas. Recently, instead of mono-centric city models, which were defined according to the hierarchical relationship between the threshold based on population size and range depending on the maximum distance, polycentric city models expressing the existence of more than one center in an area have been discussed. This study aims to reveal a new spatial pattern approach by evaluating new conceptual and methodological approaches to explain today's urban spatial pattern. For this purpose, in addition to international academic approaches, the Urban Rural Settlement Systems Research (Yer-Sis), which is one of the current examples in defining the settlement system pattern in Turkey, was discussed. In the assessment, it was revealed that in order to define the spatial organization of urban systems, the urban form indicators that determine the size and distribution of urban areas and the relational network based on the flow and cooperation between these areas should be evaluated together and at the end, suggestions were presented in which the theory of central places and the theory of networks were used together to describe urban spatial organization.

References

  • Arcaute, E., Youn, H., Hatna, E. ve Johansson, A. (2015). Constructing cities, deconstructing scaling laws. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 12, 102-111.
  • Baytekin, E. ve Özüduru, B. H. (2022). Kent formunu anlamak: mekansal tasarım ağ analizi (sdna) yöntemi ile İstanbul ve Ankara merkezi iş alanlarında yol ağı ve yürünebilirlik incelemesi. F.C.Bilsel, O.Çalışkan (Der.), Türkiye kentsel morfoloji ağı içinde (ss. 511-534). Ankara: ODTÜ.
  • Burger, M. J., de Goei, B., Van der Laan, L. ve Huisman, F. J. (2011). Heterogeneous development of metropolitan spatial structure: Evidence from commuting patterns in English and Welsh city-regions, 1981–2001. Cities, 28(2), 160-170.
  • Burger, M. ve Meijers, E. (2012). Form follows function? Linking morphological and functional polycentricity. Urban Studies, 49(5), 1127-1149.
  • Burger, M. J., Meijers, E. J. ve Van Oort, F. G. (2014b). Regional spatial structure and retail amenities in the Netherlands. Regional Studies, 48(12), 1972-1992.
  • Burger, M., Knaap, B. ve Wall R.S. (2014a). Polycentricity and the multiplexity of urban networks. European Planning Studies, 22(4), 816-840.
  • Button, K. (2000). Where did the ‘new urban economics’ go after 25 years?. A. Reggiani (Der.), Spatial economic science içinde (ss. 30-50). Berlin: Springer.
  • Conzen, M. R. G. (1960). Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. London: Institute of British Geographers.
  • Dessemontet, P., Kaufmann, V. ve Jemelin, C. (2010). Switzerland as a single metropolitan area? a study of its commuting network. Urban Studies, 47(13), 2785–2802.
  • European Spatial Planning Observation Network. (2005). Potentials for Polycentric Development in Europe Project Report. 2 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/fr-1.1.1_revised-full_0.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • European Spatial Planning Observation Network. (2013). Town Small And Medium Sized Towns In Their Functional Territorial Context, ESPON & KU Leuven. 2 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://www.espon.eu /sites/default/files/attachments/TOWN_Inception_report_July_2012.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Griffith, D. A. (2009). Spatial autocorrelation in spatial interaction. A. Reggiani, P. Nijkamp (Der.), Complexity and spatial networks içinde (ss. 221-237). Berlin: Springer.
  • Günay, M. B. ve Kubat, A. S. (2022). Bir Cumhuriyet başkentinin değişen morfolojik yapısı: Ankara örneği. F.C.Bilsel, O.Çalışkan (Der.), Türkiye kentsel morfoloji ağı içinde (ss. 439-471). Ankara: ODTÜ.
  • Jiang, S., Ferreira Jr, J. ve Gonzalez, M. C. (2012). Discovering urban spatial-temporal structure from human activity patterns. Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Workshop on Urban Computing, 95-102. 5 Ocak 2022 tarihinde https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/2346496 adresinden erişildi.
  • Knapp, W. ve Schmitt, P. (2003). Re-structuring competitive metropolitan regions in north-west Europe: on territory and governance. European Journal of Spatial Development, 6(2003), 1-42.
  • Ladyman, J. ve Lambert, J. and Wiesner, K. (2013). What is a complex system?. The European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 3, 33-67.
  • Liu, Y., Li, J. ve Qian, J. (2017). A novel analysis method of geographical centrality based on space of flows. International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(5), 153-168.
  • Meijers, E. (2007). From central place to network model: theory and evidence of a paradigm change. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 98(2), 245-259.
  • Meijers, E. (2008). Measuring polycentricity and its promises. European Planning Studies, 16, 1313-1323.
  • Patuelli, R., Reggiani, A., Nijkamp, P. ve Bade, F. (2009). Spatial and commuting networks: a unifying perspective. A. Reggiani, P. Nijkamp (Der.), Complexity and spatial networks içinde (ss. 257-274). Berlin: Springer.
  • Pereira, R., Nadalin, V., Monasterio, L. ve Albuquerque, P., (2013). Urban centrality: a simple index. Geographical Analysis, 45(1), 77-89.
  • Salavati , C., Abdollahpouri, A. ve Manbari, Z. (2019). Ranking nodes in complex networks based on local structure and improving closeness centrality. Neurocomputing, 336, 36-45.
  • Taylor, P.J., Hoyler, M. ve Verbruggen, R. (2010). External urban relational process: introducing central flow theory to complement central place theory. Urban Studies, 47, 2803–2818.
  • T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (2022). Türkiye’de Kentsel Kırsal Yerleşim Sistemleri Araştırma Projesi. 5 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://yersis.gov.tr/web adresinden erişildi.
  • Ünlü, T. (2018). Mekânın biçimlendirilmesi ve kentsel morfoloji. Kentsel Morfoloji Araştırma Ağı II. Kentsel Morfoloji Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 59-70. 15 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://kentselmorfolojisempozyumu2018. files.wordpress.com/2019/04/m-a3.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Van Den Hoek, J. (2009). The mixed use index (mixed-use ındex) as planning tool for (new) towns in the 21st century. New Towns for the 21st Century: The Planned vs the Unplanned City, 98-207.
  • Verhetsel, A., Beckers, J. ve Meyere, M.D. (2018). Assessing daily urban systems: a heterogeneous commuting network approach. Networks and Spatial Economics, 18, 633-656.
  • Yang, X., Fang, Z., Yin, L., Li, Y., Zhou, Y. ve Lu, S. (2018). Understanding the spatial structure of urban commuting using mobile phone location data: a case study of Shenzhen, China. Sustainability, 10, 1435-1449.
  • Ye, Y., Yeh, A., Zhuang, Y., Van Nes, A. ve Liu, J. (2017). “Form syntax” as a contribution to geodesign: a morphological tool for urbanity-making in urban design. Urban Design International, 22, 73-90.
  • Yu, Q., Li, W., Yang, D. ve Zhang, H. (2020). Mobile phone data in urban commuting: a network community detection-based framework to unveil the spatial structure of commuting demand. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2020(5), 1-15.
  • Yücesoy, E., & Özüduru, B. (2018). Kentsel Faaliyetler ve Yol Ağı Morfolojisi: İstanbul’da Karşılaştırmalı Örnek Çalışma. Kentsel Morfoloji Araştırma Ağı II. Kentsel Morfoloji Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 145-159. 15 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://kentselmorfolojisempozyumu2018.files.word press.com/2019/04/m-04.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Zhong A, C., Schläpfer, M., Arisona, S.M., Ratti, C., Batty, M. ve Schmitt, G. (2017). Revealing centrality in the spatial structure of cities from human activity patterns. Urban Studies, 54(2), 437-455.

Kentsel Yerleşim Sistemleri Örüntüsünü Tanımlamada Yeni Bir Yöntem Arayışı

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: Özel Sayı, 7 - 25, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1151435

Abstract

Günümüzde, özellikle büyük şehirlerin, çok sayıda etkileşimi içeren ve bu etkileşimler tarafından yönlendirilen karmaşık sistem özellikleri gösterdiği kabul edilmektedir. Karmaşık sistemlerde sistemi oluşturan elemanlar arasında doğrusal olmayan ilişkilerin bulunması, yolculukların ve faaliyet alanlarının çeşitlilik göstermesi sebebiyle Christaller’in tek merkezli şehir hiyerarşisi kentsel mekânsal örgütlenmeyi tek başına açıklayamaz hale gelmiştir. Günümüzde, nüfus büyüklüğüne dayalı eşik ve en fazla mesafeye bağlı etki alanı arasındaki hiyerarşik ilişkiye göre tanımlanan tek merkezli kent modelleri yerine, bir alanda birden fazla merkezin varlığını ifade eden çok merkezli kent modelleri tartışılır olmuştur. Bu çalışma, günümüz kentsel mekânsal örüntüsünü açıklamak için güncel kavramsal ve yöntemsel yaklaşımları değerlendirerek yeni bir mekânsal örüntü yaklaşımını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, uluslararası akademik yaklaşımların yanı sıra ülkemizdeki yerleşim sistemi örüntüsünün tanımlanmasında güncel uygulama örneklerinden olan Türkiye’de Kentsel Kırsal Yerleşim Sistemleri Araştırması (Yer-Sis) ele alınmaktadır. Yapılan irdelemede, kentsel sistemlerin mekânsal organizasyonunu tanımlamak için kentsel alanların büyüklüğünü, dağılımını belirleyen kentsel form göstergelerinin ve bu alanlar arasındaki akış ve işbirliğine dayanan ilişkisel unsurların birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerektiği ortaya konulmakta ve sonuçta, kentsel mekânsal örgütlenmeyi tanımlamak üzere öneriler sunulmaktadır.

References

  • Arcaute, E., Youn, H., Hatna, E. ve Johansson, A. (2015). Constructing cities, deconstructing scaling laws. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 12, 102-111.
  • Baytekin, E. ve Özüduru, B. H. (2022). Kent formunu anlamak: mekansal tasarım ağ analizi (sdna) yöntemi ile İstanbul ve Ankara merkezi iş alanlarında yol ağı ve yürünebilirlik incelemesi. F.C.Bilsel, O.Çalışkan (Der.), Türkiye kentsel morfoloji ağı içinde (ss. 511-534). Ankara: ODTÜ.
  • Burger, M. J., de Goei, B., Van der Laan, L. ve Huisman, F. J. (2011). Heterogeneous development of metropolitan spatial structure: Evidence from commuting patterns in English and Welsh city-regions, 1981–2001. Cities, 28(2), 160-170.
  • Burger, M. ve Meijers, E. (2012). Form follows function? Linking morphological and functional polycentricity. Urban Studies, 49(5), 1127-1149.
  • Burger, M. J., Meijers, E. J. ve Van Oort, F. G. (2014b). Regional spatial structure and retail amenities in the Netherlands. Regional Studies, 48(12), 1972-1992.
  • Burger, M., Knaap, B. ve Wall R.S. (2014a). Polycentricity and the multiplexity of urban networks. European Planning Studies, 22(4), 816-840.
  • Button, K. (2000). Where did the ‘new urban economics’ go after 25 years?. A. Reggiani (Der.), Spatial economic science içinde (ss. 30-50). Berlin: Springer.
  • Conzen, M. R. G. (1960). Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. London: Institute of British Geographers.
  • Dessemontet, P., Kaufmann, V. ve Jemelin, C. (2010). Switzerland as a single metropolitan area? a study of its commuting network. Urban Studies, 47(13), 2785–2802.
  • European Spatial Planning Observation Network. (2005). Potentials for Polycentric Development in Europe Project Report. 2 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://www.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/fr-1.1.1_revised-full_0.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • European Spatial Planning Observation Network. (2013). Town Small And Medium Sized Towns In Their Functional Territorial Context, ESPON & KU Leuven. 2 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://www.espon.eu /sites/default/files/attachments/TOWN_Inception_report_July_2012.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Griffith, D. A. (2009). Spatial autocorrelation in spatial interaction. A. Reggiani, P. Nijkamp (Der.), Complexity and spatial networks içinde (ss. 221-237). Berlin: Springer.
  • Günay, M. B. ve Kubat, A. S. (2022). Bir Cumhuriyet başkentinin değişen morfolojik yapısı: Ankara örneği. F.C.Bilsel, O.Çalışkan (Der.), Türkiye kentsel morfoloji ağı içinde (ss. 439-471). Ankara: ODTÜ.
  • Jiang, S., Ferreira Jr, J. ve Gonzalez, M. C. (2012). Discovering urban spatial-temporal structure from human activity patterns. Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Workshop on Urban Computing, 95-102. 5 Ocak 2022 tarihinde https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/2346496 adresinden erişildi.
  • Knapp, W. ve Schmitt, P. (2003). Re-structuring competitive metropolitan regions in north-west Europe: on territory and governance. European Journal of Spatial Development, 6(2003), 1-42.
  • Ladyman, J. ve Lambert, J. and Wiesner, K. (2013). What is a complex system?. The European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 3, 33-67.
  • Liu, Y., Li, J. ve Qian, J. (2017). A novel analysis method of geographical centrality based on space of flows. International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(5), 153-168.
  • Meijers, E. (2007). From central place to network model: theory and evidence of a paradigm change. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 98(2), 245-259.
  • Meijers, E. (2008). Measuring polycentricity and its promises. European Planning Studies, 16, 1313-1323.
  • Patuelli, R., Reggiani, A., Nijkamp, P. ve Bade, F. (2009). Spatial and commuting networks: a unifying perspective. A. Reggiani, P. Nijkamp (Der.), Complexity and spatial networks içinde (ss. 257-274). Berlin: Springer.
  • Pereira, R., Nadalin, V., Monasterio, L. ve Albuquerque, P., (2013). Urban centrality: a simple index. Geographical Analysis, 45(1), 77-89.
  • Salavati , C., Abdollahpouri, A. ve Manbari, Z. (2019). Ranking nodes in complex networks based on local structure and improving closeness centrality. Neurocomputing, 336, 36-45.
  • Taylor, P.J., Hoyler, M. ve Verbruggen, R. (2010). External urban relational process: introducing central flow theory to complement central place theory. Urban Studies, 47, 2803–2818.
  • T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (2022). Türkiye’de Kentsel Kırsal Yerleşim Sistemleri Araştırma Projesi. 5 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://yersis.gov.tr/web adresinden erişildi.
  • Ünlü, T. (2018). Mekânın biçimlendirilmesi ve kentsel morfoloji. Kentsel Morfoloji Araştırma Ağı II. Kentsel Morfoloji Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 59-70. 15 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://kentselmorfolojisempozyumu2018. files.wordpress.com/2019/04/m-a3.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Van Den Hoek, J. (2009). The mixed use index (mixed-use ındex) as planning tool for (new) towns in the 21st century. New Towns for the 21st Century: The Planned vs the Unplanned City, 98-207.
  • Verhetsel, A., Beckers, J. ve Meyere, M.D. (2018). Assessing daily urban systems: a heterogeneous commuting network approach. Networks and Spatial Economics, 18, 633-656.
  • Yang, X., Fang, Z., Yin, L., Li, Y., Zhou, Y. ve Lu, S. (2018). Understanding the spatial structure of urban commuting using mobile phone location data: a case study of Shenzhen, China. Sustainability, 10, 1435-1449.
  • Ye, Y., Yeh, A., Zhuang, Y., Van Nes, A. ve Liu, J. (2017). “Form syntax” as a contribution to geodesign: a morphological tool for urbanity-making in urban design. Urban Design International, 22, 73-90.
  • Yu, Q., Li, W., Yang, D. ve Zhang, H. (2020). Mobile phone data in urban commuting: a network community detection-based framework to unveil the spatial structure of commuting demand. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2020(5), 1-15.
  • Yücesoy, E., & Özüduru, B. (2018). Kentsel Faaliyetler ve Yol Ağı Morfolojisi: İstanbul’da Karşılaştırmalı Örnek Çalışma. Kentsel Morfoloji Araştırma Ağı II. Kentsel Morfoloji Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 145-159. 15 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://kentselmorfolojisempozyumu2018.files.word press.com/2019/04/m-04.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Zhong A, C., Schläpfer, M., Arisona, S.M., Ratti, C., Batty, M. ve Schmitt, G. (2017). Revealing centrality in the spatial structure of cities from human activity patterns. Urban Studies, 54(2), 437-455.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cansu Güller 0000-0001-5602-7948

Cigdem Varol 0000-0002-2432-5745

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 14 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Güller, C., & Varol, C. (2022). Kentsel Yerleşim Sistemleri Örüntüsünü Tanımlamada Yeni Bir Yöntem Arayışı. İDEALKENT, 14(Özel Sayı), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1151435