HEDONİK AÇLIK

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 80 - 96, 31.05.2020

Nedime Gündüz , Melis Akhalil , Elif Naz Sevgi

Abstract

İnsanlığın, tarih boyunca ilk hedefi, açlığın önüne geçerek hayatta kalmak olmuştur. Beslenme tüm yönleriyle oldukça kompleks bir davranıştır. Kandaki glukoz seviyesinin düşmesi ve serbest yağ asidi seviyesinin yükselmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan açlık hissi ve buna bağlı oluşan besin tüketme isteği homeostatik açlık olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte besinlerin tüketilmesi için meydana gelen motivasyonel süreçler, homeostatik olmayan bir biçimde beslenmeyi ortaya koymaktadır. Biyolojik ihtiyaç olmadan, besinlerin tadı, kokusu ve diğer duyusal özellikleri nedeniyle iştahta meydana gelen artma ve besini tüketirken alınan zevk ile ilişkili olan açlık ise hedonik açlık olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hedonik açlığa bağlı olarak lezzetli besinlerin sık sık ve fazla miktarlarda tüketilmesi; obezite, diabetes mellitus ve birçok hastalığı beraberinde getirmektedir. Uykusuzluğun iştah ve besin alımı üzerine etkileri olduğundan, uykusuz bireylerin ödüllendirici besin uyaranlarına daha hassas oldukları bilinmektedir. Ayrıca hedonik besin alımlarının, obeziteyi tetikleyici unsur olmasından kaynaklı patofizyolojisinde rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Anksiyete ve obsesif kompulsif bozukluk semptomlarının da hedonik açlığı artırdığı bildirilmiştir. Hedonik olarak uyarılan besin alımının düzenlenmesinde nöral sistemler ve birçok hormon önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bunun dışında dopamin reseptör polimorfizmleri gibi genetik varyasyonların da hedonik açlığın gelişimde rol oynadığı belirtilmektedir. Farklı değişkenlerin hedonik açlığı etkilediği görülmektedir. Bu derlemede, hedonik açlık ve ilişkili olduğu bileşenler hakkında dünyada ve ülkemizde yapılan literatür çalışmalarının incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Keywords

Hedonik Açlık, İştah, Beslenme

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