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Investigation of Some Factors Affecting Obesity in Primary School Children: The Case of Istanbul

Year 2022, Issue: 18, 695 - 709, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1199259

Abstract

Aim: Childhood obesity is increasing all over the world. This study was carried out to investigate some factors that affect obesity in primary school children.
Method: The study was carried out on 621 students in two different primary schools in Istanbul. Children were in the 7-15 age group and were selected by random sampling method. A questionnaire consisting of questions about demographic characteristics, nutrition and physical activity was applied to the children, and some anthropometric measurements were taken. Children's body mass index (BMI) values were classified according to the percentiles of Turkish children. SPSS 13.0 program was used to evaluate data.
Results: 47,5% of the students were girl and 52,5% were boy. According to the BMI classification, 11.8% of the students were found to be obese. The prevalence of obesity among students in private schools was 17,3% and 6,6% in students in public schools (p<0,05). Obesity rate was higher in children of university graduate mothers and fathers and those with three family members (p<0,05). Obesity was observed more in those who did not consume regular dinner according to their eating habits and did not change their appetite when they were happy (p<0,05). In addition, the obesity rate of students who went to school by private car was the highest (18,2%, p<0,05).
Conclusion: As a result of the study, the rate of obesity in children was found to be higher in children of mothers and fathers with a high education level, children in private schools and children living in families of three. To prevent the development of obesity in children, it may be beneficial to regularly take anthropometric measurements at schools and to provide education on healthy nutrition to students and parents.

References

  • Mäkelä J, Lagström H, Pitkänen N, et al. Genetic risk clustering increases children’s body weight at 2 years of age – the STEPS Study. Pediatr Obes. 2016;11(6):459-467. doi:10.1111/IJPO.12087.
  • Vassilakou T. Childhood malnutrition: Time for Action. Children. 2021;8(2):103-5. doi:10.3390/CHILDREN8020103.
  • Rito AI, Buoncristiano M, Spinelli A, et al. Association between characteristics at birth, breastfeeding and obesity in 22 countries: The WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative – COSI 2015/2017. Obes Facts. 2019;12(2):226-243. doi:10.1159/000500425.
  • Lanigan J, Tee L, Brandreth R. Childhood obesity. Medicine. 2019;47(3):190-194. doi:10.1016/J.MPMED.2018.12.007.
  • Vazquez CE, Cubbin C. Socioeconomic status and childhood obesity: A review of literature from the past decade to inform intervention research. Current Obesity Reports. 2020;9:562-570.
  • Weihrauch-Blüher S, Schwarz P, Klusmann JH. Childhood obesity: Increased risk for cardiometabolic disease and cancer in adulthood. Metabolism. 2019;92:147-152. doi:10.1016/J.METABOL.2018.12.001.
  • Kim J, Lim H. Nutritional management in childhood obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2019;28(4):225. doi:10.7570/JOMES.2019.28.4.225.
  • Lissau I, Overpeck MD, Ruan WJ, Due P, Holstein BE, Hediger ML. Body mass index and overweight in adolescents in 13 European Countries, Israel, and the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158(1):27-33. doi:10.1001/ARCHPEDI.158.1.27.
  • Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A, et al. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2008;51:1-14.
  • Bereket A, Atay Z. Current status of childhood obesity and its associated morbidities in Turkey. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2012;4(1):1-7. doi:10.4274/jcrpe.506.
  • Alper Z, Ercan İ, Uncu Y. A Meta-Analysis and an evaluation of trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in Turkey: 1990 through 2015. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2018;10(1):59-67. doi:10.4274/JCRPE.5043.
  • Krebs NF, Jacobson MS. Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity. Pediatrics. 2003;112(2):424-430. doi:10.1542/PEDS.112.2.424.
  • Reeves GM, Postolache TT, Snitker S. Childhood obesity and depression: Connection between these growing problems in growing children. Int J Child Health Hum Dev. 2008;1(2):103-114.
  • Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer-Strawn LM. Overweight and obesity in preschool children from developing countries. International Journal of Obesity. 2000;24(8):959-967. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801264.
  • Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury AK, Sofi NY, Kumar R, Bhadoria AS. Childhood obesity: Causes and consequences. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4(2):187-92. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.154628.
  • Lanigan J, Tee L, Brandreth R. Childhood obesity. Medicine. 2019;47(3):190-194. doi:10.1016/J.MPMED.2018.12.007.
  • Bar-On ME, Broughton DD, Buttross S, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics: Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics. 2001;107(2):423-426. doi:10.1542/PEDS.107.2.423.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı (İlkokul 2. Sınıf Öğrencileri) Şişmanlık Araştırması COSI-TUR 2016. Ankara; 2017. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/haberler/turkiye-cocukluk-cagi-sismanlik/COSI-TUR-2016-Kitap.pdf. Erişim tarihi 3 Kasım 2022.
  • Wang Y, Lobstein T. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. 2006;1(1):11-25. doi:10.1080/17477160600586747.
  • Guillaume M. Defining obesity in childhood: Current practice. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(1):126S-130S. doi:10.1093/AJCN/70.1.126S.
  • Troiano RP, Flegal KM. Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology, and demographics. Pediatrics. 1998;101(2):497-504. doi:10.1542/PEDS.101.S2.497.
  • Fakılı FE, Kızıltan G. İlköğretim döneminde verilen beslenme eğitiminin antropometrik ölçümler üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;6(0):116-30.
  • Pineda E, Bascunan J, Sassi F. Improving the school food environment for the prevention of childhood obesity: What works and what doesn’t. Obesity Reviews. 2021;22(2):e13176. doi:10.1111/OBR.13176.

İlköğretim Çağındaki Çocuklarda Obezite Üzerinde Etkili Olan Bazı Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: İstanbul Örneği

Year 2022, Issue: 18, 695 - 709, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1199259

Abstract

Amaç: Çocukluk çağında obezite tüm dünyada artmaktadır. Bu çalışma ilköğretim çağındaki çocuklarda obezite üzerinde etkili olan bazı faktörlerin araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışma İstanbul'da iki farklı okulda 621 ilköğretim öğrencisi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çocuklar 7-15 yaş grubunda olup rastgele örneklem yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Çocuklara demografik özellikler, beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite ile ilgili sorulardan oluşan bir anket uygulanmış olup, bazı antropometrik ölçümleri alınmıştır. Çocukların Beden Kütle Indeksi (BKİ) değerleri Türk çocuklarının persentillerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 13.0 programı ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %47,5’i kız, %52,5’i erkektir. BKİ sınıflandırmasında öğrencilerin %11,8'i obez bulunmuştur. Özel okuldaki öğrencilerde obezite prevalansı %17,3 devlet okulundaki öğrencilerde %6,6’dır (p<0,05). Üniversite mezunu anne ve babaların çocuklarında, aile birey sayısı üç kişi olanlarda obezite oranı daha fazladır (p<0,05). Beslenme alışkanlıklarına göre düzenli akşam yemeği tüketmeyenlerde ve sevinçli/mutlu olduğunda iştah değişimi olmayanlarda daha fazla obezite oranı görülmüştür (p<0,05). Ayrıca, okula özel araba ile giden öğrencilerin obezite oranı en fazladır (%18,2; p< 0,05).
Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda çocuklarda obezite oranı yüksek eğitim düzeyine sahip anne ve babaların çocuklarında, özel okula giden çocuklarda ve üç kişilik ailelerde yaşayanlarda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Çocuklarda obezite gelişimini önlemek için okullarda düzenli olarak antropometrik ölçümlerin alınması, öğrencilere ve ebeveynlere sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik eğitimlerin verilmesi faydalı olabilir.

References

  • Mäkelä J, Lagström H, Pitkänen N, et al. Genetic risk clustering increases children’s body weight at 2 years of age – the STEPS Study. Pediatr Obes. 2016;11(6):459-467. doi:10.1111/IJPO.12087.
  • Vassilakou T. Childhood malnutrition: Time for Action. Children. 2021;8(2):103-5. doi:10.3390/CHILDREN8020103.
  • Rito AI, Buoncristiano M, Spinelli A, et al. Association between characteristics at birth, breastfeeding and obesity in 22 countries: The WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative – COSI 2015/2017. Obes Facts. 2019;12(2):226-243. doi:10.1159/000500425.
  • Lanigan J, Tee L, Brandreth R. Childhood obesity. Medicine. 2019;47(3):190-194. doi:10.1016/J.MPMED.2018.12.007.
  • Vazquez CE, Cubbin C. Socioeconomic status and childhood obesity: A review of literature from the past decade to inform intervention research. Current Obesity Reports. 2020;9:562-570.
  • Weihrauch-Blüher S, Schwarz P, Klusmann JH. Childhood obesity: Increased risk for cardiometabolic disease and cancer in adulthood. Metabolism. 2019;92:147-152. doi:10.1016/J.METABOL.2018.12.001.
  • Kim J, Lim H. Nutritional management in childhood obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2019;28(4):225. doi:10.7570/JOMES.2019.28.4.225.
  • Lissau I, Overpeck MD, Ruan WJ, Due P, Holstein BE, Hediger ML. Body mass index and overweight in adolescents in 13 European Countries, Israel, and the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158(1):27-33. doi:10.1001/ARCHPEDI.158.1.27.
  • Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A, et al. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2008;51:1-14.
  • Bereket A, Atay Z. Current status of childhood obesity and its associated morbidities in Turkey. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2012;4(1):1-7. doi:10.4274/jcrpe.506.
  • Alper Z, Ercan İ, Uncu Y. A Meta-Analysis and an evaluation of trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in Turkey: 1990 through 2015. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2018;10(1):59-67. doi:10.4274/JCRPE.5043.
  • Krebs NF, Jacobson MS. Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity. Pediatrics. 2003;112(2):424-430. doi:10.1542/PEDS.112.2.424.
  • Reeves GM, Postolache TT, Snitker S. Childhood obesity and depression: Connection between these growing problems in growing children. Int J Child Health Hum Dev. 2008;1(2):103-114.
  • Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer-Strawn LM. Overweight and obesity in preschool children from developing countries. International Journal of Obesity. 2000;24(8):959-967. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801264.
  • Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury AK, Sofi NY, Kumar R, Bhadoria AS. Childhood obesity: Causes and consequences. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4(2):187-92. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.154628.
  • Lanigan J, Tee L, Brandreth R. Childhood obesity. Medicine. 2019;47(3):190-194. doi:10.1016/J.MPMED.2018.12.007.
  • Bar-On ME, Broughton DD, Buttross S, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics: Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics. 2001;107(2):423-426. doi:10.1542/PEDS.107.2.423.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı (İlkokul 2. Sınıf Öğrencileri) Şişmanlık Araştırması COSI-TUR 2016. Ankara; 2017. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/haberler/turkiye-cocukluk-cagi-sismanlik/COSI-TUR-2016-Kitap.pdf. Erişim tarihi 3 Kasım 2022.
  • Wang Y, Lobstein T. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. 2006;1(1):11-25. doi:10.1080/17477160600586747.
  • Guillaume M. Defining obesity in childhood: Current practice. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(1):126S-130S. doi:10.1093/AJCN/70.1.126S.
  • Troiano RP, Flegal KM. Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology, and demographics. Pediatrics. 1998;101(2):497-504. doi:10.1542/PEDS.101.S2.497.
  • Fakılı FE, Kızıltan G. İlköğretim döneminde verilen beslenme eğitiminin antropometrik ölçümler üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;6(0):116-30.
  • Pineda E, Bascunan J, Sassi F. Improving the school food environment for the prevention of childhood obesity: What works and what doesn’t. Obesity Reviews. 2021;22(2):e13176. doi:10.1111/OBR.13176.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Halime Pulat Demir 0000-0001-9509-4473

Kubilay Karşıdağ 0000-0002-9332-1262

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Acceptance Date December 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 18

Cite

JAMA Pulat Demir H, Karşıdağ K. İlköğretim Çağındaki Çocuklarda Obezite Üzerinde Etkili Olan Bazı Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: İstanbul Örneği. IGUSABDER. 2022;:695–709.

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