Nadia Sonneveld ve Erin Stiles’ın “Khul‘: Local Contours of a Global Phenomenon” İsimli Makalesinin Çevirisi

Year 2022, Issue: 40, 307 - 320, 30.12.2022

Translator: Rıfat Atay , Translator: Hilal Atılgan

Abstract

Bu çalışma daha önce Islamic Law and Society dergisinin 26. cilt (2019) 1-2. sayısında yayımlanan açık erişimli (https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-02612P01) “Khul‘: Local Contours of a Global Phenomenon” başlıklı makalenin çevirisidir. Makalenin çevirisini yayımlamak üzere verdikleri izinden dolayı yazarlar Nadia Sonneveld ile Erin Stiles’a teşekkür ederiz. İslami boşanma yollarından birisi olan hul‘un çağdaş Müslüman toplumlardaki uygulamalarının incelendiğini bu makalede ayrıca hul‘un mahiyeti, hukukiliği ve sonuçları üzerinde durulmuştur. Makaleye hul‘un Kur’ân ve hadis literatüründeki dayanakları açıklanarak başlanmış, devamında ise modern Müslüman toplumlardaki uygulamalar aktarılmıştır. Hul‘un uygulama şekilleri ise hem halktan insanların hem de yasal uygulayıcıların bakış açısından anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Makalede yapılan incelemeler neticesinde hul‘ ile ilgili temel meseleler tespit edilmiş ve bunlar Asya, Afrika ve Avrupa’da çeşitli kültürel, dinî ve yasal bağlamlarda hul‘un anlaşılma ve kullanımını kıyaslayan bir yaklaşım benimsenerek ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

İslam Hukuku, Talak, Hul‘, Nadia Sonneveld, Erin Stiles

Translation of “Khul‘: Local Contours of a Global Phenomenon” by Nadia Sonneveld and Erin Stiles

Abstract

This study is the translation of the open access (https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-02612P01) article titled “Khul‘:Local Contours of a Global Phenomenon” which was previously published in the journal of Islamic Law and Society, volume 26(2019) and issue 1-2. We thank the authors Nadia Sonneveld and Erin Stiles for their permission to publish the translation of the article. In this article, which examines the practices of khul‘ that is one of the Islamic divorce ways in the contemporary Muslim communities, the nature, legality and the consequences of khul‘ are also emphasized. The article was started by explaining the bases of khul‘ in the Qur'an and hadith literature, and then the practices in modern Muslim communities were conveyed. Khul‘s practices have been tried to be comprehended from the point of view of both commoners and legal practitioners. As a result of the examinations made in the article, the main issues related to khul‘ have been identified and these have been addressed by adopting an approach that compares the understanding and practicing of khul‘ in various cultural, religious and legal contexts in Asia, Africa and Europe.

Keywords

Islamic Law, Talaq, Khulʿ, Nadia Sonneveld, Erin Stiles

References

• Admiral, Rosemary. Women and Islamic Law in Marinid Morocco. ABD: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Doktora Tezi, 2016.
• Akbar Warraich, Sohail & Balchin, Cassandra. “Confusion Worse Confounded: A Critique of Divorce Law and Legal Practice in Pakistan”. Shaping Women’s Lives: Laws, Practices and Strategies in Pakistan. ed. Farida Shaheed vd.. 181-225. Lahore: Shirkat Gah, 1998.
• Al-Bukhari, Abu ‘Abd Allah. Kitab al-Jami‘ al-Sahih. ed. Ludolf M. Krehl. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill, 1868.
• Al-Sharmani, Mulki. Gender Justice and Legal Reform in Egypt: Negotiating Muslim Family Law. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2017.
• Bano, Samia. Muslim Women and Shari‘ah Councils: Transcending the Boundaries of Community and Law. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
• Carlisle, Jessica. “The Best of Times, the Worst of Times: State-Salaried, Female Legal Professionals and Foreign Policy in Post-Qadhafi Libya”. Women Judges in the Muslim World: A Comparative Study of Discourse and Practice. ed. Nadia Sonneveld & Monika Lindbekk. 259-283. Leiden: Brill, 2017.
• Carroll, Lucy. “Qur’an 229: A Charter Granted to the Wife? Judicial Khulʿ in Pakistan.” Islamic Law and Society 3/1 (1996), 91-126. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3399183
• Dahlgren, Susanne. Contesting Realities: The Public Sphere and Morality in Southern Yemen. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2010.
• Fakhry, Majid. An Interpretation of the Qur’an. English Translation of the Meanings. A Bilingual Edition. New York: New York University Press, 2000.
• Holden, Livia. “Divorce at the Woman’s Initiative in India, in Pakistan, and in the Diasporas.” Interpreting Divorce Laws in Islam. ed. Rubya Mehdi vd.. 131-54. Copenhagen: DJOF Publishing, 2012.
• Korteweg, Anna C. & Selby, Jennifer A. Debating Sharia: Islam, Gender Politics, and Family Law Arbitration. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012.
• Lau, Martin. “Pakistan”. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law 12 (2005- 2006), 443-472. https://doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000150
• Lindbekk, Monika. “The Enforcement of Personal Status Law by Egyptian Courts”. Adjudicating Family Law in Muslim Courts. ed. Elisi Guinchi. 87-105. London: Routledge, 2013. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312027348_The_Enforcement_of_Personal_Status_Law_by_Egyptian_Courts
• Messick, Brinkley. The Calligraphic State: Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
• Powers, David S. “Women and Courts in the Maghrib, 1100-1500”. Dispensing Justice in Muslim Courts: Qadis and their Courts. ed. M. Khalid Masud vd.. 383-410. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
• Powers, David S. “Women and Divorce in the Islamic West: Three Cases”. Hawwa 1/1, 29-45, 2003. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233494462_Women_and_Divorce_in_the_Islamic_West_Three_Cases
• Sonbol El Azhary, Amira. Women, the Family, and Divorce Laws in Islamic History. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1996.
• Sonneveld, Nadia & Stiles, Erin E. “Divorce and Custody: Contemporary Practices: Khulʿ”. The Encyclopedia of Women in Islamic Cultures. ed. Suad Joseph. Leiden: Brill, 2016.
• Sonneveld, Nadia. Khulʿ Divorce in Egypt: Public Debates, Judicial Practices, and Everyday Life. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2012.
• Stiles, Erin E. An Islamic Court in Context: An Ethnographic Study of Judicial Reasoning. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2009.
• Tucker, Judith E. “Tracking the Woman’s Divorce: Khulʿ in Historical Context”. 2003. Yazar tarafından sağlanan yayınlanmamış çalışma.
• Tucker, Judith E. In the house of the law. Gender and Islamic law in Ottoman Syria and Palestine. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1998.
• Tucker, Judith E. Women, Family, and Gender in Islamic Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
• Van Eijk, Esther. Family Law in Syria: Patriarchy, Pluralism and Personal Status Laws. London: I.B. Tauris, 2016.
• [Van Huis, S. C. “Khul‘ over the longue durée: the decline of traditional fiqh-based divorce mechanisms in Indonesian legal practice”, Islamic Law and Society 26(1-2), 58-92, 2019.]
• Vatuk, Sylvia. “Divorce at the Wife’s Initiative in Muslim Personal Law. What are the Options and What are Their Implications for Women’s Welfare?”. Redefining Family Law in India. Essays in Honour of B. Sivaramayya. ed. B. Sivaramayya vd.. 200-35. New Delhi: Routledge, 2008.
• Voorhoeve, Maaike. Gender and Divorce Law in North-Africa: Sharia, Custom and the Personal Status Code in Tunisia. London: I.B. Tauris, 2014.
• Welchman, Lynn. Women and Muslim Family Laws in Arab States: A Comparative Overview of Textual Development and Advocacy. Amsterdam: ISIM/Amsterdam University Press, 2007.
• Zantout, Mida R. “Khulʿ: Between Past and Present”. New York Law School Research Paper Series: Islamic Law and Law of the Muslim World. 08-14. 2006.
• Zilfi, Madeline. “We Don't Get Along': Women and Hul Divorce in the Eighteenth Century”. Women in the Ottoman Empire: Middle Eastern Women in the Early Modern Era. ed. Madeline Zilfi. 264-96. Leiden: Brill, 1997.