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CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 19 - 31, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.729238

Abstract

Cesaret, tarih boyunca felsefeciler tarafından popülerliğini yitirmeyen bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sadece felsefede değil, sosyal bilimlerin nispeten her alanında cesaretle ilgili bir yoruma rastlamak mümkündür. Bu derece ilgi duyulan bir konu olmasına rağmen, halen cesaretin ne demek olduğu tartışılan bir konudur. Cesarete yabancı literatürde giderek artan bir ilgi duyulmasına rağmen, yerli literatürde cesaretin hak ettiği ilgiyi görmediği gözlemlenmektedir. Cesaret üzerine yapılacak disiplinlerarası araştırmalara ihtiyaç artarak devam etmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, cesaretin ne olduğuna, nasıl tanımlanacağına dair keşfedici nitel bir araştırma yapılarak, toplumumuzadaki cesaret anlayışı, tanımlaması ve dolayısıyla cesaretin bileşenleri keşfedilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, 106 kişiden cesaret tanımları alınmış ve bu tanımlar MAXQDA 2020 nitel araştırma programı ile analiz edilerek cesaret tanımındaki bileşenler önem sırasıyla; risk, korku, güç, bilinç, gerekeni yapmak, karar vermek, hedef, zor koşullar, ahlak, cömertlik ve seçim olark tespit edilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Thanks

Yok

References

  • Al-Zyoud, M. F. & Mert İ. S. (2019). Does employees’ psychological capital buffer the negative effects of incivility? Euromed Journal of Business, 14(3), 239-250.
  • Arık, F. & Arık, I. A. (2016). Grounded teori metodolojisi ve Türkiye’de grounded teori çalışmaları, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 58, 285-309.
  • Aydemir M. & Mert, İ. S. (2018). A study on the investigation of the historical origins of courage in futuwwa and akhi institution. In B. Yenihan, S. D. Basar & G. Cerev (Eds.), A critical review of social sciences: Theory and practice (pp. 543-537). London: Frontpage Publications Limited.
  • Baş, T. & Akturan, U. (2008). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: NVİVO 7.0 ile nitel veri analizi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık. Brendtro, L. K., Brokenleg, M., & Van Bockern, S. (2005). The circle of courage and positive psychology. Reclaiming Children & Youth: The Journal of Strength-based Interventions, 14, 130–136.
  • Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Wiltshire, GB: Sage.
  • Cox, D., Rachman, S., Hallam, R. & O'Connor, K. (1983). An experimental analysis of fearfulness and courage. British Journal of Psychology, 74, 107-117.
  • Detert J. (2018). Cultivating Everyday Courage. Harvard Business Review, November-December, 128-135.
  • Evans, P. D. & White, D. G. (1981). Towards an empirical definition of courage. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 19, 419–424.
  • Florian V., Mikulincer M. & Hirschberger G. (2002). The anxiety-buffering function of close relationship: evidence that relationship commitment act as a terror management mechanism, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 527-542.
  • Foster F. (1898). Some aspects of courage, The North American Review, 166(499), 678-685.
  • Franco, Z. E., Blau, K. & Vezimbardo, P. G. (2011). Heroism: A conceptual analysis and differentiation between heroic action and altruism. Review of General Psychology, 15(2), 99-113.
  • Gallagher, A. (2010). Moral distress and moral courage in everyday nursing practice. Online Journal Issues Nursing, 16(2), 1-8.
  • Ginevra, M. C., Santilli, S. & Camussi, E. (2020). The Italian adaptation of courage measure. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 20, 457–475.
  • Gould, N. H. (2005). Courage: Its nature and development. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 33, 102–116.
  • Heath, H. & Cowley, S. (2004). Developing a grounded theory approach: A comparison of Glaser and Strauss. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 41(2), 141–150.
  • Howard, M. C. & Alipour, K. K. (2014). Does the courage measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(5), 449-459.
  • Jiang, X. (2012). Confucious’s view of courage. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 39(1), 44–59.
  • Kidder, R. M. (2005). Moral courage. New York: HaperCollins.
  • Kilmanın, R. H., O’Hara, L. A. & Strauss, J. P. (2005). Developing and validating a quantitative measure of organizational courage. Journal Business of Phychology, 25, 15-23.
  • Klausner S. Z. (1961). The social psychology of courage. Review of Religious Research, 3(2), 63-72.
  • Klein, M. & Napier, R. (2003). The courage to act: 5 factors of courage to transform business. Palo Alto, CA: Davies- Black Publishing.
  • Kocabıyık, O. O. (2015). Olgubilim ve gömülü kuram: Bazı özellikler açısından karşılaştırma. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 55-66.
  • Koerner, M. M. (2014). Courage as identity work: Accounts of workplace courage. Academy of Management Journal, 57 (1), 63 – 93.
  • Kramer, A. & Zinbarg, R. (2019). Recalling courage: An initial test of a brief writing intervention to activate a ‘courageous mindset’ and courageous behavior. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(4), 528-537.
  • Kreeft, P. (2007). Socrates meets descartes: The father of philosophy analyzes the father of modern philosophy’s “Discourse on Method.” San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
  • Lopez, S. J., O’Byrne, K. K. & Petersen, S. (2003). Profiling courage. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures (pp.185–198). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Maddi, S. R. (2006). Hardiness: The courage to grow from stresses. Journal of Positive Psychology,1, 160–168.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2007). Cesaret yönetimi. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2010). Terör yönetimi kuramı ve cesaret: Kavramsal bir tartışma. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 6(12), 57-80.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2013). The investigation of the relationship between performance and potential in appraisal of managers in public sector. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 46(2), 1-24.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2020). Performans geribildirimi üzerine keşfedici bir araştırma. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 38(1), 133-148
  • Mert, İ. S. & Aydemir, M. (2019). Yönetsel cesaretin tarihi kaynakları üzerine bir inceleme: Eski türk yazıtlarında cesaret. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(6), 319-328.
  • Mert, İ. S., Keskin, N. & Baş, T. (2011). Can injustice be a management strategy? An explanatory research in banking sector. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 44(2), 99-129.
  • Mert, İ. S. & Turgut H. (2018). Do we have the most appropriate human resource in a highly mortality salienced world? Evidence from Turkey. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 6(8), 169-180.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Naughton, M.J. & Cornwall, J.R. (2006). The virtue of courage in entrepreneurship: engaging the catholic social tradition and the life-cycle of the business. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(1), 69–93.
  • Pianalto, M. (2012). Moral courage and facing others, International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 20(2), 165-184.
  • Pury, C. L. S. & Starkey, C. B. (2010). Is courage an accolade or a process? A fundamental question for courage research. In C. L. S. Pury & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The psychology of courage: Modern research on an ancient virtue (p. 67–87). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Rachman, S. (1976). Courage, fearlessness and fear. New Scientist, 44, 271-273.
  • Rachman, S. (1984). Fear and courage. Behavior Therapy, 15(1), 109–120.
  • Rate, C. R., Clarke, J. A., Lindsay, D. R. & Stenberg, R. J. (2007). Implicit theories of courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 80-98.
  • Roochnik, D. (2015). Courage and shame: Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics III. 6-9, Ethics & Politics, 17(2), 214–232.
  • Rorty, A.O. (1986). The two faces of courage. Philosophy, 61(236), 151–171.
  • Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Vess, M. & Sheldon, K. (2008). The life and death of creativity: The effects of self versus other-oriented behavior on creative expression after mortality salience. Motivation and Emotion, 32, 331–338.
  • Routledge, C. & Juhl, J. (2012). The creative spark of death: The effects of mortality salience and personal need for structure on creativity. Motivation and Emotion, 36 (4), 478-482.
  • Sanchez, H. I. (2018). Courage and passion in the reading of the later foucault of the cynics. Comparative Literature and Culture, 23.03.2019 https://doi.Org/10.7771/1481-4374.3355
  • Schmid, W. T. (1985). The socratic conception of courage. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 2(2), 113-129.
  • Sekerka, L. E. & Bagozzi, R. P. (2007). Moral courage in the workplace: Moving to and from the desire and decision to act. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16, 132–149.
  • Şener, E. (2019). Gömülü teori yaklaşımının yönetim araştırmalarında kullanımı. Nitel Sosyal Bilimler, 1(1), 22-47.
  • Stark, A. (2002). Courage: A mystery or not? The Antioch Review, 60(2), 244-249.
  • Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative reserach: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Tillich, P. (2019). Olmak cesareti. İstabul: Okyanus Yayınları.
  • Turunç, Ö., Çelik M. & Mert İ. S. (2013). The impact of leadership styles on ethical behaviour. Journal of Academic Research in Economics, 5(1), 60-68.
  • Walton, D. N. (1986). Courage: A philosophical investigation. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Watson, S. F. (2003). Courage and caring: Step up to your next level of nursing excellence. Patient Care Management, 19(4), 4–6.
  • Woodard, C. R. & Pury C. L. S. (2007). The construct of courage categorization and management. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 59(2), 135-147.
  • Xu, H., Brucks, M.L. & Guo, L. (2013). Creative consumption after mortality salience: Compared to what, for whom, what tasks? And a time horizon issue. Journal of Research for Consumers, 24, 1–5.
  • Yonezawa, S. (2012). Socratic courage in Plato's Socratic dialogues. British Journal for The History of Philosophy, 20(4), 645-665.

A Explanatory Qualitative Research on The Discovery of Courage and Its Components: A Rediscovery of An Old Virtue

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 19 - 31, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.729238

Abstract

Courage has been an interested topic by philosophers throughout history. It can be faced with a
different kind of an interpretation about courage not only in the philosophy but also in all the
other areas of social sciences. Although courage has been a topic of great interest, what it
means is still a topic of discussion. Although there is a growing body of interest in foreign
literature, it is seen that courage does not receive the deserved attention in the domestic
literature. In this study, by following an exploratory qualitative research method, it is tried to
detect what courage is as well as what the dimensions of courage are. In this context, definitions
of courage were taken from 106 attandences, and analyzed with the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative
research program. The dimensions of the courage are determined as; risk, fear, power,
consciousness, doing what is necessary, decision, aim, tough conditions, morality, generosity
and choice, respectively

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Al-Zyoud, M. F. & Mert İ. S. (2019). Does employees’ psychological capital buffer the negative effects of incivility? Euromed Journal of Business, 14(3), 239-250.
  • Arık, F. & Arık, I. A. (2016). Grounded teori metodolojisi ve Türkiye’de grounded teori çalışmaları, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 58, 285-309.
  • Aydemir M. & Mert, İ. S. (2018). A study on the investigation of the historical origins of courage in futuwwa and akhi institution. In B. Yenihan, S. D. Basar & G. Cerev (Eds.), A critical review of social sciences: Theory and practice (pp. 543-537). London: Frontpage Publications Limited.
  • Baş, T. & Akturan, U. (2008). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: NVİVO 7.0 ile nitel veri analizi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık. Brendtro, L. K., Brokenleg, M., & Van Bockern, S. (2005). The circle of courage and positive psychology. Reclaiming Children & Youth: The Journal of Strength-based Interventions, 14, 130–136.
  • Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Wiltshire, GB: Sage.
  • Cox, D., Rachman, S., Hallam, R. & O'Connor, K. (1983). An experimental analysis of fearfulness and courage. British Journal of Psychology, 74, 107-117.
  • Detert J. (2018). Cultivating Everyday Courage. Harvard Business Review, November-December, 128-135.
  • Evans, P. D. & White, D. G. (1981). Towards an empirical definition of courage. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 19, 419–424.
  • Florian V., Mikulincer M. & Hirschberger G. (2002). The anxiety-buffering function of close relationship: evidence that relationship commitment act as a terror management mechanism, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 527-542.
  • Foster F. (1898). Some aspects of courage, The North American Review, 166(499), 678-685.
  • Franco, Z. E., Blau, K. & Vezimbardo, P. G. (2011). Heroism: A conceptual analysis and differentiation between heroic action and altruism. Review of General Psychology, 15(2), 99-113.
  • Gallagher, A. (2010). Moral distress and moral courage in everyday nursing practice. Online Journal Issues Nursing, 16(2), 1-8.
  • Ginevra, M. C., Santilli, S. & Camussi, E. (2020). The Italian adaptation of courage measure. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 20, 457–475.
  • Gould, N. H. (2005). Courage: Its nature and development. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 33, 102–116.
  • Heath, H. & Cowley, S. (2004). Developing a grounded theory approach: A comparison of Glaser and Strauss. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 41(2), 141–150.
  • Howard, M. C. & Alipour, K. K. (2014). Does the courage measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(5), 449-459.
  • Jiang, X. (2012). Confucious’s view of courage. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 39(1), 44–59.
  • Kidder, R. M. (2005). Moral courage. New York: HaperCollins.
  • Kilmanın, R. H., O’Hara, L. A. & Strauss, J. P. (2005). Developing and validating a quantitative measure of organizational courage. Journal Business of Phychology, 25, 15-23.
  • Klausner S. Z. (1961). The social psychology of courage. Review of Religious Research, 3(2), 63-72.
  • Klein, M. & Napier, R. (2003). The courage to act: 5 factors of courage to transform business. Palo Alto, CA: Davies- Black Publishing.
  • Kocabıyık, O. O. (2015). Olgubilim ve gömülü kuram: Bazı özellikler açısından karşılaştırma. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 55-66.
  • Koerner, M. M. (2014). Courage as identity work: Accounts of workplace courage. Academy of Management Journal, 57 (1), 63 – 93.
  • Kramer, A. & Zinbarg, R. (2019). Recalling courage: An initial test of a brief writing intervention to activate a ‘courageous mindset’ and courageous behavior. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(4), 528-537.
  • Kreeft, P. (2007). Socrates meets descartes: The father of philosophy analyzes the father of modern philosophy’s “Discourse on Method.” San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
  • Lopez, S. J., O’Byrne, K. K. & Petersen, S. (2003). Profiling courage. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures (pp.185–198). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Maddi, S. R. (2006). Hardiness: The courage to grow from stresses. Journal of Positive Psychology,1, 160–168.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2007). Cesaret yönetimi. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2010). Terör yönetimi kuramı ve cesaret: Kavramsal bir tartışma. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 6(12), 57-80.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2013). The investigation of the relationship between performance and potential in appraisal of managers in public sector. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 46(2), 1-24.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2020). Performans geribildirimi üzerine keşfedici bir araştırma. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 38(1), 133-148
  • Mert, İ. S. & Aydemir, M. (2019). Yönetsel cesaretin tarihi kaynakları üzerine bir inceleme: Eski türk yazıtlarında cesaret. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(6), 319-328.
  • Mert, İ. S., Keskin, N. & Baş, T. (2011). Can injustice be a management strategy? An explanatory research in banking sector. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 44(2), 99-129.
  • Mert, İ. S. & Turgut H. (2018). Do we have the most appropriate human resource in a highly mortality salienced world? Evidence from Turkey. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 6(8), 169-180.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Naughton, M.J. & Cornwall, J.R. (2006). The virtue of courage in entrepreneurship: engaging the catholic social tradition and the life-cycle of the business. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(1), 69–93.
  • Pianalto, M. (2012). Moral courage and facing others, International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 20(2), 165-184.
  • Pury, C. L. S. & Starkey, C. B. (2010). Is courage an accolade or a process? A fundamental question for courage research. In C. L. S. Pury & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The psychology of courage: Modern research on an ancient virtue (p. 67–87). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Rachman, S. (1976). Courage, fearlessness and fear. New Scientist, 44, 271-273.
  • Rachman, S. (1984). Fear and courage. Behavior Therapy, 15(1), 109–120.
  • Rate, C. R., Clarke, J. A., Lindsay, D. R. & Stenberg, R. J. (2007). Implicit theories of courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 80-98.
  • Roochnik, D. (2015). Courage and shame: Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics III. 6-9, Ethics & Politics, 17(2), 214–232.
  • Rorty, A.O. (1986). The two faces of courage. Philosophy, 61(236), 151–171.
  • Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Vess, M. & Sheldon, K. (2008). The life and death of creativity: The effects of self versus other-oriented behavior on creative expression after mortality salience. Motivation and Emotion, 32, 331–338.
  • Routledge, C. & Juhl, J. (2012). The creative spark of death: The effects of mortality salience and personal need for structure on creativity. Motivation and Emotion, 36 (4), 478-482.
  • Sanchez, H. I. (2018). Courage and passion in the reading of the later foucault of the cynics. Comparative Literature and Culture, 23.03.2019 https://doi.Org/10.7771/1481-4374.3355
  • Schmid, W. T. (1985). The socratic conception of courage. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 2(2), 113-129.
  • Sekerka, L. E. & Bagozzi, R. P. (2007). Moral courage in the workplace: Moving to and from the desire and decision to act. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16, 132–149.
  • Şener, E. (2019). Gömülü teori yaklaşımının yönetim araştırmalarında kullanımı. Nitel Sosyal Bilimler, 1(1), 22-47.
  • Stark, A. (2002). Courage: A mystery or not? The Antioch Review, 60(2), 244-249.
  • Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative reserach: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Tillich, P. (2019). Olmak cesareti. İstabul: Okyanus Yayınları.
  • Turunç, Ö., Çelik M. & Mert İ. S. (2013). The impact of leadership styles on ethical behaviour. Journal of Academic Research in Economics, 5(1), 60-68.
  • Walton, D. N. (1986). Courage: A philosophical investigation. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Watson, S. F. (2003). Courage and caring: Step up to your next level of nursing excellence. Patient Care Management, 19(4), 4–6.
  • Woodard, C. R. & Pury C. L. S. (2007). The construct of courage categorization and management. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 59(2), 135-147.
  • Xu, H., Brucks, M.L. & Guo, L. (2013). Creative consumption after mortality salience: Compared to what, for whom, what tasks? And a time horizon issue. Journal of Research for Consumers, 24, 1–5.
  • Yonezawa, S. (2012). Socratic courage in Plato's Socratic dialogues. British Journal for The History of Philosophy, 20(4), 645-665.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Behaviour-Personality Assessment in Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İbrahim Sani Mert 0000-0002-2850-1865

Project Number Yok
Publication Date April 15, 2021
Submission Date April 29, 2020
Acceptance Date August 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mert, İ. S. (2021). CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ. İş Ve İnsan Dergisi, 8(1), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.729238
AMA Mert İS. CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ. İİD. April 2021;8(1):19-31. doi:10.18394/iid.729238
Chicago Mert, İbrahim Sani. “CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ”. İş Ve İnsan Dergisi 8, no. 1 (April 2021): 19-31. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.729238.
EndNote Mert İS (April 1, 2021) CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ. İş ve İnsan Dergisi 8 1 19–31.
IEEE İ. S. Mert, “CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ”, İİD, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 19–31, 2021, doi: 10.18394/iid.729238.
ISNAD Mert, İbrahim Sani. “CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ”. İş ve İnsan Dergisi 8/1 (April 2021), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.729238.
JAMA Mert İS. CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ. İİD. 2021;8:19–31.
MLA Mert, İbrahim Sani. “CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ”. İş Ve İnsan Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2021, pp. 19-31, doi:10.18394/iid.729238.
Vancouver Mert İS. CESARET VE BİLEŞENLERİNİN KEŞFİNE İLİŞKİN NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ESKİ BİR ERDEMİN YENİDEN KEŞFİ. İİD. 2021;8(1):19-31.

 

 

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