4D YAZDIRMA ÜZERİNDE BİR KISA İNCELEME

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 59 - 67, 27.07.2018

Fraz Ahmad Khan , H. Kursat Celik , Okan Oral , Allan E. W. Rennie

Öz

Katmanlı imalat; üç boyutlu objelerin uygun malzemeler kullanılarak katman-katman
inşa edilmesi süreci olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Genellikle kullanılan
malzemeler plastik, metal veya seramikler olmakla birlikte son günlerde akıllı
malzemelerinde bu teknolojide yer aldığı görülmektedir. Günümüzde yaygınlaşan
bu teknolojide “üç boyutlu yazdırma (3D Printing)” kavramı genel
terminoloji olan “katmanlı imalat” yerine de kullanılabilmektedir. Nümerik
hesaplama yöntemleri, üç boyutlu katı modelleme uygulamaları, katman imalatta
kullanılan malzemeler, bu işlemlerde yer alan makine elemanları/sistemleri katmanlı
imalat teknolojilerinin başlıca gereklilikleri arasında yer almaktadır ve gün
geçtikçe bu alanlarda yeni teknolojik gelişmeler görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda üç boyutlu
yazdırma kavramının ötesinde ileri düzey teknoloji eğilimi ile yeni bir kavram
olan “dört boyutlu yazdırma (4D Printing)” teknolojileri günümüzde artık
uygulamaya konan yeni nesil bir katmanlı imalat yöntemi olarak karşımıza
çıkmaktadır. 4D katmanlı imalat; akıllı malzemelere, katmanlı imalat makinelerinin
işlevselliğine ve imalat yöntemine özgü tasarım süreçlerine bağımlı olarak
ilerlemektedir. Bu konuda başarılı çalışmalar ortaya konsada hali hazırda imalat/ürün
işlevselliği ve uygulamaları konularında önemli sınırlamalar bulunmaktadır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı 4D katmanlı imalat konusundaki teknolojik gelişmeleri ve
uygulamada karşılaşılan sınırlamaları göz önüne alan genel bir bakış ortaya
koymaktır. Çalışma sonucunda bu konuda faydalı literatür bilgileri toparlanmış
ve 4D katmanlı imalat uygulamalarının ileri düzey imalat teknolojileri
içerisinde yer alması için umut verici bir potansiyele sahip olduğu ancak bu
konuda daha çok araştırmanın yürütülmesi gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Katmanlı İmalat, 3D Yazdır, 4D Yazdırma, Akıllı Malzemeler

A SHORT REVIEW ON 4D PRINTING

Öz

Additive Manufacturing can be described as a process to build 3D objects
by adding layer-upon-layer of material, the material traditionally being plastics,
metals or ceramics, however ‘smart’ materials are now in use. Nowadays, the
term “3D Printing” has become a much-used synonym for additive manufacturing.
The use of computing, 3D solid modeling applications, layering materials and
machine equipment is common to majority of additive manufacturing technologies.
Advancing from this 3D printing technology, is an emerging trend for what is
being termed “4D printing”. 4D printing places dependency on smart materials,
the functionality of additive manufacturing machines and in ingenious design
processes. Although many developments have been made, limitations are still
very much in existence, particularly with regards to function and application.
The objective of this short review is to discuss the developments, challenges
and outlook for 4D printing technology. The review revealed that 4D printing
technology has application potential but further research work will be vital
for the future success of 4D printing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Additive Manufacturing, 3D Printing, 4D Printing, Smart Materials

Kaynakça

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