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İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 171 - 186, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.960555

Abstract

Günümüz dünyasında teknolojik gelişmeler sonucunda insansız kara araçlarının kullanımı ve uzaktan algılama tekniklerinin önemi artmıştır. Bu teknolojiler doğal afetlerlerden savunma sanayisine kadar birçok farklı alanda kullanılmaktadır. İnsansız kara aracının algılayıcılar sayesinde çevresini tanımasıyla ilgili kişi veya kurumlara ortam hakkında doğru verileri aktarması olası kötü senaryoları önlemektedir. Bu çalışmada, otonom robotların gönderilmesi planlanan ortamlara kullanılacak olan algılayıcı teknikler sayesinde ulaşımının kolaylıkla sağlanması ve ilgili ortamı tanıyarak görevini daha etkin bir şekilde gerçekleştirmesi ve düşük maliyetli olması amaçlanmıştır. Geliştirilen sistemde insansız kara aracının bulunduğu ortamı modelleyebilmesi için LIDAR lazer tarayıcı sensör kullanılmıştır. Sistem tasarımında görüntü işleme tekniği ile gece görüşlü kamera kulanılarak, ortam tanımlaması zenginleştirilmiştir. İnsansız kara aracının motor sürme işlemleri ve çeşitli çevre birimlerinin kontrolü Arduino mikrodenetleyicisi ile sağlanmıştır. LIDAR ve kamera ise Raspberry Pi gömülü sistem bilgisayarı üzerinde çalışmaktadır. Gerçekleştirilen çalışma sonucunda, ilgili kuruluşların çevre algılama sistemleri için ayırmış oldukları mali kaynakları azaltacak ergonomik, güvenli, kullanıcının tehlikeli ortamları uzaktan takip ederek ilgili ortamı tanıyabileceği tümleşik bir robot tasarımı oluşturulmuştur.

References

  • 1. Pettigrew, S., “Driverless cars”, https://theconversation.com/driverless-cars-really-do-have-health-and-safety-benefits-if-only-people-knew-99370, April 16, 2018.
  • 2. Roborock, “S6 MaxV”, https://us.roborock.com/pages/roborock-s6-maxv, April 16, 2020.
  • 3. Stein, S., “Tech Mobile” https://www.cnet.com/how-to/future-of-lidar-cool-now-going-to-be-cooler-apple-iphone-12-and-ipad-pro/, April 16, 2021
  • 4. Corns, A., and Shaw, R., “High resolution 3-dimensional documentation of archaeological monuments & landscapes using airborne LIDAR”, Journal of Cultural Heritage, Vol.10, Pages 72-77, 2009.
  • 5. Dwivedi, M., Uniyal, A., Mohan, R., “New Horizons in Planning Smart Cities using LIDAR Technology”, International Journal of Applied Remote Sensing and GIS, Vol.1 Issue 2, Pages 40-50, 2015.
  • 6. Weiss, U., and Biber, P., “Plant detection and mapping for agricultural robots using a 3D LIDAR sensor”, Robotics and autonomous systems, Vol.59 Issue 5, Pages 265-273, 2011.
  • 7. Akay, A. E., Oğuz, H., Karas, I. R., Aruga, K., “Using LIDAR technology in forestry activities”, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Vol.151 Issue 1, Pages 117-125, 2009.
  • 8. Zhang, J., and Singh, S., “LOAM: Lidar Odometry and Mapping in Real-time”, In Robotics: Science and Systems, Vol 2, No 9, 2014.
  • 9. Wa̧sik, A., Ventura, R., Pereira, J. N., Lima, P. U., Martinoli, A., “Lidar-based relative position estimation and tracking for multi-robot systems”, In Robot 2015: Second Iberian Robotics Conference, Pages 3-16, Springer, Cham, 2016.
  • 10. Kağızman, A., “Otonom araçlar için 2B lazer tarayıcı kullanılarak yeni 3B LIDAR sistemi elde edilmesi ve engel tespiti”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, [Obtaining a new type 3D LIDAR system using 2D laser scanner for autonomous vehicles and obstacle detection] [Thesis in Turkish], İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 2018.
  • 11. Akyol, S., and Uçar, A., “Rp-lidar ve mobil robot kullanılarak eş zamanlı konum belirleme ve haritalama”, Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol.31 Issue 1, Pages 137-143, 2019.
  • 12. Boston Dynamics, “Legacy Robots”, https://www.bostondynamics.com/legacy, June 09, 2015.
  • 13. Aselsan, “KAPLAN Unmanned Ground Vehicle Family”, https://www.aselsan.com.tr/ffdf27dd-4f67-4abb-bf02-9022a7ce042c.pdf, June 09, 2017.
  • 14. Texas Instruments, “HDC1080 Temperature Sensor”, https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/hdc1080.pdf?ts=123524310036&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F, June 12, 2016.
  • 15. Lalancette, C., “Debian install of ROS Melodic”, http://wiki.ros.org/melodic/Installation/Debian, June 12, 2018.
  • 16. Robopeak, “RpLidar ROS”, https://github.com/robopeak/rplidar_ros, June 12, 2018.
  • 17. Haala, N., Peter, M., Kremer, J., Hunter, G., “Mobile LIDAR mapping for 3D point cloud collection in urban areas-A performance test”, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci, Vol. 37, Pages 1119-1127, 2008.
  • 18. Teixidó, M., Pallejà, T., Font, D., Tresanchez, M., Moreno, J., Palacín, J., “Two-dimensional radial laser scanning for circular marker detection and external mobile robot tracking”, Sensors, Vol.12 Issue 12, Pages 16482-16497, 2012.
  • 19. Ocando, M. G., Certad, N., Alvarado, S., Terrones, Á., “Autonomous 2D SLAM and 3D mapping of an environment using a single 2D LIDAR and ROS”, In 2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR), Pages 1-6, IEEE, 2017.

A 3D ENVIRONMENT MAPPING SYSTEM FOR UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES USING LIDAR TECHNOLOGY

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 171 - 186, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.960555

Abstract

As a result of technological developments in today's world, the use of unmanned land vehicles and the importance of remote sensing techniques have increased. These technologies are used in many different areas from natural disasters to the defense industry. The unmanned land vehicle, thanks to its sensors, is able to recognize its environment and transfers the correct data about the environment to the relevant people or institutions, preventing possible bad scenarios. In this study, it was aimed to provide easy transportation of autonomous robots thanks to the sensor techniques that will be used in the environments that are planned to be sent, and to perform its task more effectively by recognizing the relevant environment and to lower cost. In the developed system, LIDAR laser scanning sensor is used to model the environment where the unmanned land vehicle is located. In the system design, the definition of the environment has been enriched by using image processing technique and night vision camera. The motor driving operations of the unmanned land vehicle and the control of various peripherals are provided by Arduino microcontroller. LIDAR and camera work on Raspberry Pi embedded system computer. As a result of the work carried out, an ergonomic, safe, integrated robot design has been created that will reduce the financial resources allocated by the relevant organizations for environmental detection systems, where the user can recognize the relevant environment by remotely monitoring dangerous environments.

References

  • 1. Pettigrew, S., “Driverless cars”, https://theconversation.com/driverless-cars-really-do-have-health-and-safety-benefits-if-only-people-knew-99370, April 16, 2018.
  • 2. Roborock, “S6 MaxV”, https://us.roborock.com/pages/roborock-s6-maxv, April 16, 2020.
  • 3. Stein, S., “Tech Mobile” https://www.cnet.com/how-to/future-of-lidar-cool-now-going-to-be-cooler-apple-iphone-12-and-ipad-pro/, April 16, 2021
  • 4. Corns, A., and Shaw, R., “High resolution 3-dimensional documentation of archaeological monuments & landscapes using airborne LIDAR”, Journal of Cultural Heritage, Vol.10, Pages 72-77, 2009.
  • 5. Dwivedi, M., Uniyal, A., Mohan, R., “New Horizons in Planning Smart Cities using LIDAR Technology”, International Journal of Applied Remote Sensing and GIS, Vol.1 Issue 2, Pages 40-50, 2015.
  • 6. Weiss, U., and Biber, P., “Plant detection and mapping for agricultural robots using a 3D LIDAR sensor”, Robotics and autonomous systems, Vol.59 Issue 5, Pages 265-273, 2011.
  • 7. Akay, A. E., Oğuz, H., Karas, I. R., Aruga, K., “Using LIDAR technology in forestry activities”, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Vol.151 Issue 1, Pages 117-125, 2009.
  • 8. Zhang, J., and Singh, S., “LOAM: Lidar Odometry and Mapping in Real-time”, In Robotics: Science and Systems, Vol 2, No 9, 2014.
  • 9. Wa̧sik, A., Ventura, R., Pereira, J. N., Lima, P. U., Martinoli, A., “Lidar-based relative position estimation and tracking for multi-robot systems”, In Robot 2015: Second Iberian Robotics Conference, Pages 3-16, Springer, Cham, 2016.
  • 10. Kağızman, A., “Otonom araçlar için 2B lazer tarayıcı kullanılarak yeni 3B LIDAR sistemi elde edilmesi ve engel tespiti”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, [Obtaining a new type 3D LIDAR system using 2D laser scanner for autonomous vehicles and obstacle detection] [Thesis in Turkish], İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 2018.
  • 11. Akyol, S., and Uçar, A., “Rp-lidar ve mobil robot kullanılarak eş zamanlı konum belirleme ve haritalama”, Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol.31 Issue 1, Pages 137-143, 2019.
  • 12. Boston Dynamics, “Legacy Robots”, https://www.bostondynamics.com/legacy, June 09, 2015.
  • 13. Aselsan, “KAPLAN Unmanned Ground Vehicle Family”, https://www.aselsan.com.tr/ffdf27dd-4f67-4abb-bf02-9022a7ce042c.pdf, June 09, 2017.
  • 14. Texas Instruments, “HDC1080 Temperature Sensor”, https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/hdc1080.pdf?ts=123524310036&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F, June 12, 2016.
  • 15. Lalancette, C., “Debian install of ROS Melodic”, http://wiki.ros.org/melodic/Installation/Debian, June 12, 2018.
  • 16. Robopeak, “RpLidar ROS”, https://github.com/robopeak/rplidar_ros, June 12, 2018.
  • 17. Haala, N., Peter, M., Kremer, J., Hunter, G., “Mobile LIDAR mapping for 3D point cloud collection in urban areas-A performance test”, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci, Vol. 37, Pages 1119-1127, 2008.
  • 18. Teixidó, M., Pallejà, T., Font, D., Tresanchez, M., Moreno, J., Palacín, J., “Two-dimensional radial laser scanning for circular marker detection and external mobile robot tracking”, Sensors, Vol.12 Issue 12, Pages 16482-16497, 2012.
  • 19. Ocando, M. G., Certad, N., Alvarado, S., Terrones, Á., “Autonomous 2D SLAM and 3D mapping of an environment using a single 2D LIDAR and ROS”, In 2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR), Pages 1-6, IEEE, 2017.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Software Engineering (Other), Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Topal 0000-0001-5975-5932

Tuncay Yiğit 0000-0001-7397-7224

Publication Date August 31, 2021
Submission Date July 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Topal, A., & Yiğit, T. (2021). İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 5(2), 171-186. https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.960555
AMA Topal A, Yiğit T. İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ. IJ3DPTDI. August 2021;5(2):171-186. doi:10.46519/ij3dptdi.960555
Chicago Topal, Ali, and Tuncay Yiğit. “İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ”. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry 5, no. 2 (August 2021): 171-86. https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.960555.
EndNote Topal A, Yiğit T (August 1, 2021) İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry 5 2 171–186.
IEEE A. Topal and T. Yiğit, “İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ”, IJ3DPTDI, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 171–186, 2021, doi: 10.46519/ij3dptdi.960555.
ISNAD Topal, Ali - Yiğit, Tuncay. “İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ”. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry 5/2 (August 2021), 171-186. https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.960555.
JAMA Topal A, Yiğit T. İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ. IJ3DPTDI. 2021;5:171–186.
MLA Topal, Ali and Tuncay Yiğit. “İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ”. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, vol. 5, no. 2, 2021, pp. 171-86, doi:10.46519/ij3dptdi.960555.
Vancouver Topal A, Yiğit T. İNSANSIZ KARA ARAÇLARI İÇİN LIDAR TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK 3B ORTAM HARİTALAMA SİSTEMİ. IJ3DPTDI. 2021;5(2):171-86.

Cited By

UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE SELECTION WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
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https://doi.org/10.46519/ij3dptdi.1482087

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