Determination of the injector type and location for a direct injected Wankel engine
Year 2022,
Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 129 - 139, 30.12.2022
Majid Javadzadehkalkhoran
,
Akın Kutlar
,
Ömer Cihan
,
Hüseyin Emre Doğan
Abstract
Direct injection on the Wankel engines has been practiced since the 1970’s. By applying direct injection in the Wankel engine, the specific fuel consumption and HC emissions, which are seen as disadvantages for this engine, might be reduced and the mixture formation is improved. In order to obtain a better mixture formation, the fuel injector must be located in a proper place and a correct direction. In addition, the most suitable injector for the engine structure should be selected. In this study, direct injection was applied for the RENESIS 13B Wankel engine and injector selection for the engine and the location of the injector on the housing were examined. In addition, the diameter of orifice and flow rate characteristics of the injector were investigated. According to the results, two types of injectors were selected. These injectors were called as low speed and high speed. An injector with a narrow nozzle angle (<30°) was used to deliver the fuel to the leading of the chamber, and the fuel injected after the intake ports closed. The orifice diameters of low-speed and high- speed injectors were measured 0.33 and 0.45 mm, respectively. In addition, both injectors have low speed rates when injection duration was below 2 ms. This flow rate was increased by providing high voltage.
Supporting Institution
TÜBİTAK
Project Number
TUBITAK Project No. 115M690 and TUBITAK Project No. 220M007
Thanks
This research was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project No. 115M690 and TUBITAK Project No. 220M007.
References
- Kutlar, O.A., Cihan, Ö., Doğan, H.E., and Demirci, A., "The effect of different intake port geometries of a single - rotor Wankel engine on performance and emissions at partload conditions. J Faculty Eng Architect Gazi Univ., 33(3): pp. 809-819, 2018.
- Ohkubo, M., Tashima, S., and Shimizu, R., "Developed technologies of the new rotary engine (RENESIS)", SAE Technical Paper, 2004-01-1790; pp. 1–13, 2004.
- Javadzadehkalkhoran M. Experimental analysis of direct injection in Wankel engine MSc. thesis Istanbul: Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology; 2018.
- Peden, M., Turner, M., Turner, J.W.G. and Bailey, N., “Comparison of 1-D modelling approaches for Wankel engine performance simulation and initial study of the direct injection limitations”, SAE Technical Paper, 2018-01–14, pp. 1–16, 2018.
- Roberts, J., Norman, T., Ekchian, J. and Heywood, J., “Computer models for evaluating premixed and disc Wankel engine performance”, SAE Technical Paper, 860613, pp. 1–15, (1986).
- Nguyen, H. l., Addy, H. E., Bond, T. H., Lee, C. M. and Chun, K.S., “Performance and efficiency evaluation and heat release study of a direct-injection stratified-charge rotary engine”, SAE Technical Paper, 870445, pp. 1-23, 1987.
- Ji, C., Chang, K., Wang, S., Yang, J., Wang, D., Meng, H. and Wang, H., “Effect of injection strategy on the mixture formation and combustion process in a gasoline direct injection rotary engine”, Fuel, 304, pp. 1-11, 2021.
- Abraham, J., Bracco, F. and Epstein, P., “3-D Computations to improve combustion in a stratified-charge rotary engine Part IV : modified geometries, SAE Technical Paper. 930679: pp. 1-13, 1993.
- Abraham, J. and Bracco, F., “3-D Computations to improve combustion in a stratified-charge rotary Engine - Part III: improved ignition strategies”, SAE Technical Paper, 920304, pp. 1-10, 1992.
- Chen, W., Pan, J., Fan, B., Liu, Y. and Peter, O., “Effect of injection strategy on fuel-air mixing and combustion process in a direct injection diesel rotary engine (DI-DRE)”, Energy Conversion and Management, 154, pp. 68-80, 2017.
- Hamady, F.I.I., Kosterman, J.I.I. and Chouinard, E., “Stratified charge rotary engine internal flow studies at the MSU engine research laboratory”, SAE Technical Paper, 890331, pp. 1-16. 1989.
- Votaw, Z.S., “Computational study on micro-pilot flame ignition strategy for a direct injection stratifified charge rotary engine”, Master's thesis, Wright State University, 2012.
- Boretti, A., Jiang, S. and Scalzo, J., “A novel Wankel engine featuring jet ignition and port or direct injection for faster and more complete combustion especially designed for gaseous fuels”, SAE Technical Paper, 2015-01–00, pp. 1-12. 2015.
- Meyer, A. and Shoemaker, C., “High speed electronic fuel injection for direct injected rotary engine”, SAE Technical Paper, 950452, pp. 1-13. 1995.
- Hasegawa, Y. and Yamaguchi, K., “An experimental investigation on air-fuel mixture formation inside a low-pressure direct injection stratified charge rotary engine”, SAE Technical Paper, 930678, pp. 1-9, 1993.
- Taskiran, O.O., “Fuel-air mixing process of low pressure direct injection in a side ported rotary engine”, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 8, 4, pp. 186-194, 2019.
- Kagawa, R., Okazaki, S., Somyo, N. and Akagi, Y., “A study of a direct-injection stratified-charge rotary engine for motor vehicle application”, SAE Technical Paper, 930677, pp. 1-9, 1993.
- Muroki, T., Moriyoshi, Y., Takagi, M., Suzuki, K. and Imai, M., “Research and development of a direct injection stratified charge rotary engine with a pilot flame ignition system”, SAE Technical Paper, 2001-01–18, pp. 1-9, 2001.
- Fan, B., Pan, J., Yang, W., Pan, Z., Bani, S., Chen, W. and He, R., “Combined effect of injection timing and injection angle on mixture formation and combustion process in a direct injection (DI) natural gas rotary engine”, Energy, 128, pp. 519-530, 2017.
- Otchere, P., Pan, J., Fan, B., Chen, W., Lu, Y. and Jianxing, L., “Mixture formation and combustion process of a biodiesel fueled direct injection rotary engine (DIRE) considering injection timing, spark timing and equivalence ratio – CFD study”, Energy Conversion and Management, 217, pp. 1-17, 2020.
- Otchere, P., Fan, B. and Yao, L., “Numerical investigation of the effect of advance ignition timing on combustion process in direct injection rotary engine fueled with biodiesel”, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 39, 3, pp. 1-14, 2020.
- Muroki, T. and Moriyoshi, Y., “Combustion characteristics of spark-ignition and pilot flame ignition systems in a model Wankel stratified charge engine”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 214, 8, pp. 949-955, 2000.
- Jones, C., “Stratified charge rotary engine developments at JDTI from 1984 to 1991”, SAE Technical Paper, 920310, pp. 1-10, 1992.
- Yang, J., Ji, C., Wang, S., Wang, D., Shi, C., Ma, Z. and Zhang, B., “Numerical study of hydrogen direct injection strategy on mixture formation and combustion process in a partially premixed gasoline Wankel rotary engine”, Energy Conversion and Management, 176, pp. 184-193, 2018.
- Yamamoto, K., “Rotary Engine”, Japan: Sankaido Co., Ltd., 1981.
- Cihan, O., Javadzadehkalkhoran, M. and Kutlar, O.A., “Improvement of the electronic control unit for ignition and injection in a Wankel engine”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10, 3, pp. 742-751, 2020.
- Hiroyasu, H. and Arai, M. “Structures of fuel sprays in diesel engines”, SAE Technical Paper, 900475, pp. 1-12, 1990.
- Taskiran, O.O. and Ergeneman, M., "Experimental study on Diesel spray characteristics and autoignition process", Hindawi Journal of Combustion, 3, pp. 1-20, 2011.
Year 2022,
Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 129 - 139, 30.12.2022
Majid Javadzadehkalkhoran
,
Akın Kutlar
,
Ömer Cihan
,
Hüseyin Emre Doğan
Project Number
TUBITAK Project No. 115M690 and TUBITAK Project No. 220M007
References
- Kutlar, O.A., Cihan, Ö., Doğan, H.E., and Demirci, A., "The effect of different intake port geometries of a single - rotor Wankel engine on performance and emissions at partload conditions. J Faculty Eng Architect Gazi Univ., 33(3): pp. 809-819, 2018.
- Ohkubo, M., Tashima, S., and Shimizu, R., "Developed technologies of the new rotary engine (RENESIS)", SAE Technical Paper, 2004-01-1790; pp. 1–13, 2004.
- Javadzadehkalkhoran M. Experimental analysis of direct injection in Wankel engine MSc. thesis Istanbul: Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology; 2018.
- Peden, M., Turner, M., Turner, J.W.G. and Bailey, N., “Comparison of 1-D modelling approaches for Wankel engine performance simulation and initial study of the direct injection limitations”, SAE Technical Paper, 2018-01–14, pp. 1–16, 2018.
- Roberts, J., Norman, T., Ekchian, J. and Heywood, J., “Computer models for evaluating premixed and disc Wankel engine performance”, SAE Technical Paper, 860613, pp. 1–15, (1986).
- Nguyen, H. l., Addy, H. E., Bond, T. H., Lee, C. M. and Chun, K.S., “Performance and efficiency evaluation and heat release study of a direct-injection stratified-charge rotary engine”, SAE Technical Paper, 870445, pp. 1-23, 1987.
- Ji, C., Chang, K., Wang, S., Yang, J., Wang, D., Meng, H. and Wang, H., “Effect of injection strategy on the mixture formation and combustion process in a gasoline direct injection rotary engine”, Fuel, 304, pp. 1-11, 2021.
- Abraham, J., Bracco, F. and Epstein, P., “3-D Computations to improve combustion in a stratified-charge rotary engine Part IV : modified geometries, SAE Technical Paper. 930679: pp. 1-13, 1993.
- Abraham, J. and Bracco, F., “3-D Computations to improve combustion in a stratified-charge rotary Engine - Part III: improved ignition strategies”, SAE Technical Paper, 920304, pp. 1-10, 1992.
- Chen, W., Pan, J., Fan, B., Liu, Y. and Peter, O., “Effect of injection strategy on fuel-air mixing and combustion process in a direct injection diesel rotary engine (DI-DRE)”, Energy Conversion and Management, 154, pp. 68-80, 2017.
- Hamady, F.I.I., Kosterman, J.I.I. and Chouinard, E., “Stratified charge rotary engine internal flow studies at the MSU engine research laboratory”, SAE Technical Paper, 890331, pp. 1-16. 1989.
- Votaw, Z.S., “Computational study on micro-pilot flame ignition strategy for a direct injection stratifified charge rotary engine”, Master's thesis, Wright State University, 2012.
- Boretti, A., Jiang, S. and Scalzo, J., “A novel Wankel engine featuring jet ignition and port or direct injection for faster and more complete combustion especially designed for gaseous fuels”, SAE Technical Paper, 2015-01–00, pp. 1-12. 2015.
- Meyer, A. and Shoemaker, C., “High speed electronic fuel injection for direct injected rotary engine”, SAE Technical Paper, 950452, pp. 1-13. 1995.
- Hasegawa, Y. and Yamaguchi, K., “An experimental investigation on air-fuel mixture formation inside a low-pressure direct injection stratified charge rotary engine”, SAE Technical Paper, 930678, pp. 1-9, 1993.
- Taskiran, O.O., “Fuel-air mixing process of low pressure direct injection in a side ported rotary engine”, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 8, 4, pp. 186-194, 2019.
- Kagawa, R., Okazaki, S., Somyo, N. and Akagi, Y., “A study of a direct-injection stratified-charge rotary engine for motor vehicle application”, SAE Technical Paper, 930677, pp. 1-9, 1993.
- Muroki, T., Moriyoshi, Y., Takagi, M., Suzuki, K. and Imai, M., “Research and development of a direct injection stratified charge rotary engine with a pilot flame ignition system”, SAE Technical Paper, 2001-01–18, pp. 1-9, 2001.
- Fan, B., Pan, J., Yang, W., Pan, Z., Bani, S., Chen, W. and He, R., “Combined effect of injection timing and injection angle on mixture formation and combustion process in a direct injection (DI) natural gas rotary engine”, Energy, 128, pp. 519-530, 2017.
- Otchere, P., Pan, J., Fan, B., Chen, W., Lu, Y. and Jianxing, L., “Mixture formation and combustion process of a biodiesel fueled direct injection rotary engine (DIRE) considering injection timing, spark timing and equivalence ratio – CFD study”, Energy Conversion and Management, 217, pp. 1-17, 2020.
- Otchere, P., Fan, B. and Yao, L., “Numerical investigation of the effect of advance ignition timing on combustion process in direct injection rotary engine fueled with biodiesel”, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 39, 3, pp. 1-14, 2020.
- Muroki, T. and Moriyoshi, Y., “Combustion characteristics of spark-ignition and pilot flame ignition systems in a model Wankel stratified charge engine”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 214, 8, pp. 949-955, 2000.
- Jones, C., “Stratified charge rotary engine developments at JDTI from 1984 to 1991”, SAE Technical Paper, 920310, pp. 1-10, 1992.
- Yang, J., Ji, C., Wang, S., Wang, D., Shi, C., Ma, Z. and Zhang, B., “Numerical study of hydrogen direct injection strategy on mixture formation and combustion process in a partially premixed gasoline Wankel rotary engine”, Energy Conversion and Management, 176, pp. 184-193, 2018.
- Yamamoto, K., “Rotary Engine”, Japan: Sankaido Co., Ltd., 1981.
- Cihan, O., Javadzadehkalkhoran, M. and Kutlar, O.A., “Improvement of the electronic control unit for ignition and injection in a Wankel engine”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10, 3, pp. 742-751, 2020.
- Hiroyasu, H. and Arai, M. “Structures of fuel sprays in diesel engines”, SAE Technical Paper, 900475, pp. 1-12, 1990.
- Taskiran, O.O. and Ergeneman, M., "Experimental study on Diesel spray characteristics and autoignition process", Hindawi Journal of Combustion, 3, pp. 1-20, 2011.