The electromechanical control of valve timing at different supply voltages / Farklı Besleme Gerilimlerinde Valf Zamanlamasının Elektromekanik Kontrolü

Year 2013, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 118 - 129, 03.05.2013

Bülent Özdalyan , Mehmet Taşlıyol

Abstract

Electromechanical valve systems (EMS) add advantages to engines in terms of performance and emission by eliminating the limitations of conventional variable valve systems that operate mechanically. Electromechanical valve systems also eliminate the need for certain mechanical parts (such as cam shaft and valve lifters), enabling valve timing to occur at any desired rate as independent of the cam shaft of the engine. End of the experimental works on Authors' previously published papers [1], give us the idea that more investigations are required on controlling the valve timings with ideal voltages. The purpose of this study was to measure the valve profile and electrical behaviour (coil current) of an electromechanical system designed for small volume internal combustion engines at different supply voltages (24 V, 33 V, 42 V, and 48 V), low and high engine speeds (1200 rpm and 3600 rpm), different valve openings (0o, 9o, 18o, 27o, and 36o KMA before the top dead centre), and different closing angles (27o, 36o, 50o, 63o, and 72o KMA after the bottom dead centre). An electromechanical valve system with a supply voltage of 33 V was most suitable for low-speed engine operations in order to achieve the identified valve timing. The amount of electricity consumed by using a 33 V supply voltage instead of a 42 V supply voltage at low engine speeds in the electromechanical valve system was bottom that the amount of electricity consumed by an electromechanical valve system operated with a supply voltage of 42 V at all engine speed intervals.

Özet: Elektomekanik valf sistemi(EVS) motorlara performans ve emisyon açısından mekanik olarak çalışan konvansiyonel değişkenli valf sistemlerinin kısıtlamalarını elimine ederek avantajlar sağlar. Bunun yanında elektomekanik valf sistemi gerekli mekanik parçaları elimine eder(örneğin eksantrik mili ve valf filtresi), valf zamanlamasını eksantrik milden bağımsız olarak istenilen herhangi sir seviyede tutabilir. Yazarın daha önce yayınladığı makalelerin deneysel çalışmalarının sonunda çıkanlar [1], valf zamanlaması kontrolünün ideal voltajlar ile yapılabilmesi için daha çok araştırma yapılması gerektiği hakkında fikirler vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, küçük hacimli iten yakmalı motorlar farklı beslenme gerilimlerinde(24V, 33V, 42V ve 48V), düşük ve yüksek motor hızlarında(1200 dds ve 3600 dds), farklı valf aralıklarında(0o, 9o, 18o ve 36o KMA alt ölü noktadan önce), farklı kapatma açılarında(27o, 36o, 50o, 63o, ve 72o KMA üst ölü noktadan sonra) valf profilini ve elektromekanik sistemin elektriksel davranışını (akım bobini) ölçmektir. 33V beslenme gerilimi ile elektromekanik valf sistemi, düşük hızlı motor operasyonlarında tanımlanmış valf zamanlamasını elde etmek için en uygun alternatiftir. Elektromekanik valf sistemlerinde düşük motor hızlarında 42 V beslenme gerilimi yerine 33 V beslenme gerilimi kullanılmasıyla tüketilen elektrik, bütün motor hız aralılarına göre daha düşük olacaktır.

Keywords

Camless engines, Electro-mechanic valve, Variable valve timings / Camless motorları, Elektromekanik valf, Değişken valf zamanlamaları

References

• Özdalyan, B; Doğan, O; “Effect of a Semi Electro-Mechanical Engine Valve on Performance and Emissions in a Single Cylinder Spark Ignited Engine” J 106 Zhejiang Univ-Sci A (Appl Phys & Eng) 11(2):106–114, 2010.
• Ahmad, T., Theobald, M.A., “A Survey of Variable Valve Actuation Technology” SAE Paper 891674, 1989.
• Akbaş, A., “The Effects of Variable Valve Lift and Timing on Spark Ignition Engine Performance”, MS Thesis, GÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish), 2000.
• Asmus, T.W., “Perspectives on Applications of Variable Valve Timing” SAE Paper 910445, 1991.
• Chang W. S., Parlikar T. A., Seeman M. D., Perreault D. J., Kassakian J. G., and Keim T. A., "A new electromagnetic valve actuator ", IEEE Workshop on Power Electronics in Transportation, pp. 109 - 118, 2002.
• Sun Z., Kuo T.W., “Transient Control of Electro-Hydraulic Fully Flexible Engine Valve Actuation System” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol. 18, No. 3, May 2010.
• Nagaya K., Kobayashi H., Koike K.,“Valve timing and valve lift control mechanism for engines” Mechatronics 16: 121–129, 2006.
• Tai C., Tsao T.C., “Control of an Electromechanical Camless Valve Actuator” Proceedings of the American Control Conference Anchorage, AK May 8-10, 2002
• Liu J.J., Yan Y.P., Xu J.H., “Electromechanical Valve Actuator with Hybrid MMF for Camless Engine” Proceedings of the 17th World Congress the International Federation of Automatic Control Seoul, Korea, July 6 – 11, 2008.
• Tai, C., A. Stubbs, T. C. Tsao., "Modeling and Controller Design of an Electromagnetic Engine Valve". Proceedings of the American Control Conference. Arlington, IEEE, Vol:4, pp 2890–2895, VA June 25–27, 2001.
• Wang, Y., A. Stefanopoulou, M. Haghgooie, I. Kolmanovsky, M. Hammoud., "Modeling of an Electromechanical Valve Actuator for a Camless Engine". Proceedings AVEC’2000, 5 th Int. Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control. Number 93, 2000.
• Wang, Y., T. Megli, M. Haghgooie, K. S. Peterson, A. G. Stefanopoulou., "Modeling and Control of Electromechanical Valve Actuator", SAE, 2002–01–1106.
• Pischinger, M., Salber, W., Staay, F. V. D., Baumgarten, H. and Kemper H., "Low Fuel Consumption and Low Emissions–Electromechanical Valve Train in Vehicle Operation", Internatioanal Journal of Automotive Technology. Vol:1, No:1, pp 17 – 28, 2000.
• Doğan, O., “İçten Yanmalı Bir Motorda Elektro-Mekanik Supap Uygulaması” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zonguldak, 10 – 80, 2006.
• Kamış, Z; Yüksel, İ; “An Investigation of Effect of Applied Electrical Voltage on System Dynamic Behaviour and Energy Consumption of an Electromechanical Valve Actuator”, G.U. Journal of Science 17(3):161–177, 2004.
• Kamış, Z; Yüksel, İ; “Yay Enerjisinin Elektromekanik Supap Mekanizmalarının Performansına Katkısı”, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Mühendis ve Makina - Cilt: 46 Sayı: 543, 2005.
• Hoffmann, W., Peterson, K. and Stefanopoulou, A., "Iterative Learning Control for Soft Landing of Electromechanical Valve Actuator in Camless Engines", Proceedings American Control Conference, IEEE, Vol:11, No:2, pp 174-184, 2003.
• Montanari M., Ronchi F., Rossi C., “Trajectory Generation for Camless Internal Combustion Engine Valve Control” IEEE, Vol 1 , pp 454-459, 2003.
• Peterson K., Stefanopoulou A., Megli T., Haghgooie M., “Output Observer Based Feedback for Soft Landing of Electromechanical Camless Valvetrain Actuator” Proceedings of the American Control Conference Anchorage, IEEE, Vol:2, pp 1413-1418, 2002.
• L, Liu.; and S, Chang.; “A Moving Coil Electromagnetic Valve Actuator for Camless Engines” International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, IEEE, pp 176-180, 2009.
• Roters, H. C., “Electromagnetic Devices”, John Wiley & Sons, 1941