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Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 10, 25 - 37, 30.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • Alcock, A. (1971). History of the International Labour Organisation. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Anti-Apartheid Movement. (1974). Racism and Apartheid in South Africa, The UNESCO Press, Paris.
  • Aykaç, M. (2015). “Afrika’da Sömürgeciliğe İtiraz: Bir Fırsat Penceresi Olarak Türkiye’nin Yaklaşımı”, ed. İsmail Ermağan, Dünya Siyasetinde Afrika 2, Nobel Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Belinkie, S. F. (2015). “South Africa's Land Restitution Challenge: Mining Alternatives from Evolving Mineral Taxation Policies”. Cornell International Law Journal. 48. 219-246.
  • Birkisdottir, V. L. (2018). The Impact of Racial Segregation in Africa. BA Thesis, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences School of Social Sciences, University of Iceland.
  • Clark, N. L. ve Worger, C. H. (2004). South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid, Taylor & Francis.
  • Corttrell, R. C. (2005). South Africa: A State of Apartheid. Chealse House Publishing, Philadelphia.
  • Crankshaw, O. (1997). Race, Class and the Changing Division of Labour Under Apartheid. Taylor & Francis.
  • Dubow, S. (2014). Apartheid 1948-1994, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Fabry, M. (2015). “The Right to Self-determination as a Claim to Independence in International Practice”, Ethnopolitics, (14)5, 498-504.
  • Fülberth, G. (2011). Kapitalizmin Kısa Tarihi, Yordam Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Glücksmann, R. (2010). “Apartheid Legislation in South Africa.” Hamburg. http://ra.smixx.de/media/files/Apartheid-Legislation-in-South-Africa-2010-2.pdf (04/03/2020).
  • Godfrey, S. ve Maree, J. ve du Toit, D. ve Theron, J. (2010). Collective Bargaining in South Africa: Past, Present and Future?, Juta and Co., Claremont.
  • Gorman, R. F. ve Mihalkanin, E. S. (2007). Historical Dictionaries of International Organizations, Scarecrow Press.
  • Grawitzky, R. (2013). “The Role of the ILO During and Ending Apartheid”. ILO History Project.
  • Groenewald, G. (2010). “Slaves and Free Blacks in VOC Cape Town, 1652–1795”. History Compass 8(9), 964–983.
  • Guelke, L. ve Shell, R. (1992). “Landscape of Conquest: Frontier Water Alienation and Khoikhoi Strategies of Survival, 1652–1780”, Journal of Southern African Studies, 18:4, 803-824.
  • Gümüş, İ. (2015). “Güney Afrika’da Endüstri İlişkileri: Tarihsel Geçmiş ve Apartheid Sonrası Dönüşümü”, ed. İsmail Ermağan, Dünya Siyasetinde Afrika 2, Nobel Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Hamilton, R. (1987). “The Role of Apartheid Legislation in the Propert Law of South Africa”. National Black Law Journal 10(2), 153-182.
  • Hauki, H ve Engdahl, C. (2001). “Black Economic Empowerment: An Introduction for Non-South African Business”, Department of Law, MA Thesis, Gothenburg University, Sweden.
  • Hunt, J. (2005). Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652-1708, Matador Publishing, Leicester.
  • Karaşahan, M. (2010). Irkçılık Cehennemi: Güney Afrika’da Apartheid Uygulaması, Pınar Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Langley, W. (1999). Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues Since 1945, Greenwood Press.
  • Leftwich, A. (1976). Colonlialism and the Constitution of Cape Society Under the Dutch East India Company, PhD Thesis, University of York.
  • Mariotti, M. (2012). “Labour Markets During Apartheid in South Africa”, The Economic History Review, 65(3). 1100-1122.
  • Maul, D. (2012). Human Rights, Development and Decolonization: The International Labour Organization, 1940-1970, Palgrave Macmillan & ILO.
  • Meron, T. (1985). “The Meaning and Reach of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination”, The American Journal of International Law, 79(2), 283-318.
  • Meth, C. ve Piper, S. (1984). “Social Security in Historical Perspective”, Second Carnegie Inguiry into Poverty and Development in Southern. Africa. http://www.caps.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11090/325/1984_meth_ccp250.pdf?sequence=1 (02/03/2020)
  • Nanda, V. P. (1981). “Self-Determination under International Law: Validity of Claims to Secede”, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 13(2), 257-280.
  • Öztürk, Ş. (2014). “Güney Afrika’nın Siyah Ekonomik Güçlendirme Stratejisi”, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 43(4), 125-160.
  • Rodgers, G., Lee, E.. Swepston, L. ve Daele, J. V. (2009). The International Labour Organization and the Quest for Social Justice, 1919-2009, International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • Rubin, N. (2008). “From Pressure Principle to Measured Militancy: The ILO in the Campaign Against Apartheid”, ILO Century Project, International Institute for Labour Studies.
  • Ruhi, M. E. (2018). Güney Afrika’da Irk Ayrımcılığı Politikaları, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Sée, H. (1970). Modern Kapitalizmin Doğuşu, Turan Neşriyat Yurdu, İstanbul.
  • Tapiola, K. (2019). The Driving Force: Birth and Evolution of Tripartism – Role of the ILO Workers’ Group, International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • Tören, T. (2014). “Yeni” Güney Afrika: Kararan Kapitalizm Güney Afrika’da Kapitalizm, Irk, Sınıf, SAV Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul.

APARTHEID DÖNEMİNDE GÜNEY AFRİKA VE ULUSLARARASI ÇALIŞMA ÖRGÜTÜ İLİŞKİLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 10, 25 - 37, 30.06.2020

Abstract

Güney Afrika’da 1948 yılında Ulusal Parti’nin iktidara gelmesiyle birlikte Apartheid adı verilen ayrımcılık politikaları uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Apartheid politikaları her ne kadar 1948 yılından itibaren kurumsallaşmaya başlasa da tarihsel kökenlerini Güney Afrika’nın sömürgecilik tarihiyle ilişkilendirmek mümkündür. 17. yüzyılda önce Hollanda ve ardından İngiltere’nin sömürge politikalarına maruz kalan Güney Afrika’da, elmas ve altın madenlerinin keşfiyle birlikte ayrımcılık politikaları sertleşmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Apartheid rejiminin kurumsallaştığı dönem olan 1948-1994 yılları arasında Güney Afrika ve Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO) ilişkileri tarihsel perspektifte incelenmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Güney Afrika’nın 1964 yılında örgütten ayrılmasıyla farklı bir boyut kazanan ilişkiler, ILO’nun Apartheid sürecindeki rolünü ortaya koyması açısından önemlidir. Apartheid sürecinin başlangıcında ILO’nun daha yumuşak bir politikaya sahip olduğu, ancak 1960’larda bağımsızlığını kazanan devletlerin örgütte etkilerini artırmalarıyla birlikte sert politikalara dönüş yaptığı ileri sürülmektedir.

References

  • Alcock, A. (1971). History of the International Labour Organisation. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Anti-Apartheid Movement. (1974). Racism and Apartheid in South Africa, The UNESCO Press, Paris.
  • Aykaç, M. (2015). “Afrika’da Sömürgeciliğe İtiraz: Bir Fırsat Penceresi Olarak Türkiye’nin Yaklaşımı”, ed. İsmail Ermağan, Dünya Siyasetinde Afrika 2, Nobel Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Belinkie, S. F. (2015). “South Africa's Land Restitution Challenge: Mining Alternatives from Evolving Mineral Taxation Policies”. Cornell International Law Journal. 48. 219-246.
  • Birkisdottir, V. L. (2018). The Impact of Racial Segregation in Africa. BA Thesis, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences School of Social Sciences, University of Iceland.
  • Clark, N. L. ve Worger, C. H. (2004). South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid, Taylor & Francis.
  • Corttrell, R. C. (2005). South Africa: A State of Apartheid. Chealse House Publishing, Philadelphia.
  • Crankshaw, O. (1997). Race, Class and the Changing Division of Labour Under Apartheid. Taylor & Francis.
  • Dubow, S. (2014). Apartheid 1948-1994, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Fabry, M. (2015). “The Right to Self-determination as a Claim to Independence in International Practice”, Ethnopolitics, (14)5, 498-504.
  • Fülberth, G. (2011). Kapitalizmin Kısa Tarihi, Yordam Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Glücksmann, R. (2010). “Apartheid Legislation in South Africa.” Hamburg. http://ra.smixx.de/media/files/Apartheid-Legislation-in-South-Africa-2010-2.pdf (04/03/2020).
  • Godfrey, S. ve Maree, J. ve du Toit, D. ve Theron, J. (2010). Collective Bargaining in South Africa: Past, Present and Future?, Juta and Co., Claremont.
  • Gorman, R. F. ve Mihalkanin, E. S. (2007). Historical Dictionaries of International Organizations, Scarecrow Press.
  • Grawitzky, R. (2013). “The Role of the ILO During and Ending Apartheid”. ILO History Project.
  • Groenewald, G. (2010). “Slaves and Free Blacks in VOC Cape Town, 1652–1795”. History Compass 8(9), 964–983.
  • Guelke, L. ve Shell, R. (1992). “Landscape of Conquest: Frontier Water Alienation and Khoikhoi Strategies of Survival, 1652–1780”, Journal of Southern African Studies, 18:4, 803-824.
  • Gümüş, İ. (2015). “Güney Afrika’da Endüstri İlişkileri: Tarihsel Geçmiş ve Apartheid Sonrası Dönüşümü”, ed. İsmail Ermağan, Dünya Siyasetinde Afrika 2, Nobel Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Hamilton, R. (1987). “The Role of Apartheid Legislation in the Propert Law of South Africa”. National Black Law Journal 10(2), 153-182.
  • Hauki, H ve Engdahl, C. (2001). “Black Economic Empowerment: An Introduction for Non-South African Business”, Department of Law, MA Thesis, Gothenburg University, Sweden.
  • Hunt, J. (2005). Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652-1708, Matador Publishing, Leicester.
  • Karaşahan, M. (2010). Irkçılık Cehennemi: Güney Afrika’da Apartheid Uygulaması, Pınar Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Langley, W. (1999). Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues Since 1945, Greenwood Press.
  • Leftwich, A. (1976). Colonlialism and the Constitution of Cape Society Under the Dutch East India Company, PhD Thesis, University of York.
  • Mariotti, M. (2012). “Labour Markets During Apartheid in South Africa”, The Economic History Review, 65(3). 1100-1122.
  • Maul, D. (2012). Human Rights, Development and Decolonization: The International Labour Organization, 1940-1970, Palgrave Macmillan & ILO.
  • Meron, T. (1985). “The Meaning and Reach of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination”, The American Journal of International Law, 79(2), 283-318.
  • Meth, C. ve Piper, S. (1984). “Social Security in Historical Perspective”, Second Carnegie Inguiry into Poverty and Development in Southern. Africa. http://www.caps.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11090/325/1984_meth_ccp250.pdf?sequence=1 (02/03/2020)
  • Nanda, V. P. (1981). “Self-Determination under International Law: Validity of Claims to Secede”, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 13(2), 257-280.
  • Öztürk, Ş. (2014). “Güney Afrika’nın Siyah Ekonomik Güçlendirme Stratejisi”, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 43(4), 125-160.
  • Rodgers, G., Lee, E.. Swepston, L. ve Daele, J. V. (2009). The International Labour Organization and the Quest for Social Justice, 1919-2009, International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • Rubin, N. (2008). “From Pressure Principle to Measured Militancy: The ILO in the Campaign Against Apartheid”, ILO Century Project, International Institute for Labour Studies.
  • Ruhi, M. E. (2018). Güney Afrika’da Irk Ayrımcılığı Politikaları, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Sée, H. (1970). Modern Kapitalizmin Doğuşu, Turan Neşriyat Yurdu, İstanbul.
  • Tapiola, K. (2019). The Driving Force: Birth and Evolution of Tripartism – Role of the ILO Workers’ Group, International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • Tören, T. (2014). “Yeni” Güney Afrika: Kararan Kapitalizm Güney Afrika’da Kapitalizm, Irk, Sınıf, SAV Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

İskender Gümüş 0000-0002-1428-0512

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 10

Cite

APA Gümüş, İ. (2020). APARTHEID DÖNEMİNDE GÜNEY AFRİKA VE ULUSLARARASI ÇALIŞMA ÖRGÜTÜ İLİŞKİLERİ. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(10), 25-37.

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