Production and characterization of polyamide-6 (PA6) and cellulose acetate (CA) based nanofiber membranes by electrospinning method

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 91 - 101, 30.06.2023

Dr. Abdullah Gül , İsmail Tiyek

https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1207544

Abstract

Recently, one of the most important nanotechnology products developed is nanostructured membranes. This study aims to produce nanofiber membranes to be used as filter material by electrospinning method from Polyamide-6 (PA6)/Cellulose Acetate (CA) polymer mixtures prepared in different mixing ratios (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50).

In the study, firstly, preliminary experiments were carried out to determine the optimum electrospinning process parameters for the production of nanofiber membranes from these PA6/CA polymer mixtures. Then, solutions were prepared from these polymer mixtures and nanofiber membranes were produced from these prepared solutions by electrospinning method. Finally; density, electrical conductivity and viscosity measurements of PA6/CA solutions and FTIR, SEM,
thickness and strength tests of nanofiber membranes were performed. In addition, the average nanofiber diameters of membranes were calculated. It has been determined that the average diameter of the nanofibers in the structure of membranes produced by electrospinning method is between 150 – 300 nm. From the characteristic peak bands obtained as a result of the FTIR analysis, it was determined that the PA6/CA structure was intact in the nanofiber material. In addition, it was determined that smooth and very fine nanofibers were formed in the materials produced from SEM images. It was observed that the conductivity of the solution decreased with the increase of the CA mixing ratio in the PA6/CA polymer solution and accordingly the fiber diameter became thinner

Keywords

Nanofiber, membrane, electrospinning, oolyamide-6, cellulose acetate.

Supporting Institution

KSÜ-BAP BİRİMİ ve 100/2000 YÖK DOKTORA BURS PROGRAMI

Project Number

2019/1-21D

Thanks

This study was supported by the 100/2000 YÖK DOCTORA researcher scholarship in the field of smart materials and the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University with the project number 2019/1-21 D.

References

• 1. Teo, W.E.; Ramakrishna, S. Nanotechnology. 2006, 17(2), 89-106.
• 2. Gipson, P.; Schreuder-Gibson, H.; Rivin, D. Nanofibers, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2001, 187/188, 469–481.
• 3. Lee, K.; Lee, B.; Kim, C.; Kim, H.; Kim, K.; Nah, C. Macromolecular Research. 2005, 13, 441-445.
• 4. Pedicini, A.; Farris, R.J. Polymer. 2003, 44, 6857-6862.
• 5. Çetin, E.; Tiyek, İ. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 2021, 36(4), 1893-1908.
• 6. Kılıç, A.; Oruç, F.; Demir, A. Textile Res. J. 2008, 78(6), 532–539.
• 7. Formhals, A. Process and Apparatus for Preparing Artificial Threads. U.S. Patent 1,975,504. 1934.
• 8. Danwanichakul, P.; Danwanichakul. D.; Sueviriyapan, N.; Sumruan, B. Nylon 6/Chitosan Nanofibrous Structures for Filtration, In Proceedings of the 1st Mae Fah Luang University International Conference, 2012, 1-18.
• 9. Kozanoğlu, G.S. Elektrospinning Yöntemiyle Nanolif Üretim Teknolojisi. Masters Thesis İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, 2006.
• 10. Tiyek, İ.; Gündüz, A.; Yalçınkaya, F.; Chaloupek, J. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2019, 19, 7251-7260.
• 11. Deitzel, J.; Kleinmeyer, J.; Harris, D.; Tan, N. Polymer. 2001, 42, 261-272.
• 12. Yener, F.; Jırsak, O.; Yalçınkaya, B. Tekstil Tekn. Elekt. Derg. 2011.5(2), 26-34.
• 13. Nirmala, R.; Nam, K.; Soo-Jin, P.; Yu-Shik, S.; Hak, Y.; Kim, H.; Navamathavan, R. App. Surface Sci. 2010, 256: 6318–6323.
• 14. Nylon 6. wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nylon_6. (accessed October 20, 2022).
• 15. Kırcı, H.; Ateş, S.; Akgül, M.. Fen ve Mühendislik Derg. 2001, 4(2), 119-130.
• 16. Ott, E.; Grafflin, M. Adgewandte Chem., 1956, 68(14), 471.
• 17. Saleema, H.; Kılıç, A.; Zaidi, S.J. Desalination, 2020, 478(2020) 1-40.
• 18. Aslan, M. Membran Teknolojileri, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, TUÇEV Türkiye Çevre Koruma Vakfı Yayınları. Ankara, 2016.
• 19. Li, L.; Bellan, L.M.; Craighead, H.G.; Frey, M.W. Polymer. 2006, 47, 6208-6217.
• 20. Li, Q.; Wei, Q.; Wu, N.; Cai, Y.; Gao. W. J. App. Poly. Sci. 2008, 107, 3535–3540.
• 21. Polat, Y.; Çalışır, M.; Gungor, M.; Sagirli, M.N.; Atakan, R.; Akgul,, Y.; Demir, A.; Kılıç, A. J. Ind. Text. 2021, 51(5), 821-834.
• 22. Lee, K.H.; Kim, K.W.; Pesapane, A., Kim, H.Y.; Rabolt, J.F. Macromolecules. 2008, 41(4), 1494-1498.
• 23. Sivakumar, M.; Mohan, D.R.; Rangarajan, R.; J. Memb. Sci. 2006, 268(2), 208-219.
• 24. Jayalakshmi, A.; Rajesh, S.; Mohan, D. App. Surf. Sci. 2012, 258(24), 9770-9781.
• 25. Shashidhara, G.M.; Guruprasad, K.H.; Varadarajulu, A. European Poly. J. 2002, 38, 611–614.
• 26. Joshi, M.K.; Tiwari, A.P.; Maharjan, B.; Won, K.S.; Kim, H.J.; Park, C.H.; Kim, C.S. Carbohydrate Poly. 2016, 147, 104-113.
• 27. Liaoa, N.; Unnithana, A.R.; Joshi, M.K.; Tiwari, A.P.; Hong, S.T.; Parka, C.H.; Kim, C.S. Kolloidler ve Yüzeyler A: Fizikokimyasal ve Mühendislik Yönleri. 2015, 469(1), 194-201.
• 28. Khaparde, D. Carbohydrate Poly. 2017, 173(1), 338-343.
• 29. Mindivan, F. Machines Tech. Mat. 2016, 10(11), 56-59.
• 30. Lee, K.H.; Kim, K.W.; Pesapane, A.; Kim, H.Y.; Rabolt, J.F. Macromolecules, 2008, 41(4), 1494-1498.
• 31. Kherroub, D.E.; Belbachir, M.; Lamouri, S.; Bouhadjar, L.; Chikh, K. Oriental J. Chem. 2013, 29(4), 1429.
• 32. Schneider, B.; Schmidt, P.; Wichterle, O. Collection of Czechoslovak Chem. Com. 1962, 27(8), 1749-1759.
• 33. Meşeli, H. Alifatik Naylon 6 Liflerinin Karbon Lif Üretiminde Hammadde Olarak Değerlendirilmesi ve Karakterize Edilmesi. Masters Thesis Kayseri Erciyes University, Kayseri, 2014.
• 34. Karacan, I.; Meşeli, H. J. Indust. Text. 2018, 47(6), 1185-1211.
• 35. Sudiarti, T.; Wahyuningrum, D.; Bundjali, B.; Arcana, I.M. Materials Sci. Eng. 2016, 223, 120.
• 36. Song, J.; Liu, M.; Yang, Z.; Xu, S.; Cheng, B.; Fei, P. e-Polymers. 2017, 17(4), 333-340.
• 37. Hassan, H.S.; Elkady, M.F.; Farghali, A.A.; Salem, A.M.; Abd El-Hamid, A.I. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 2016, 78, 307–316.
• 38. Cao, Y.; Wu, J.; Meng, T.; Zhang, J.; He, J.; Li, H.; Zhang, Y. Carbohydrate Poly. 2007, 69, 665-672.
• 39. He, X. Membranes. 2017, 7(27), 1-9.
• 40. Fei, P.; Liao, L.; Chen, B.; Song, J. Analytical Methods. 2017, 9, 6194-6201.
• 41. Selvakumar, M.; Bhat, D.K. J. App. Poly. Sci. 2008, 110, 594–602.
• 42. Chattopadhyay, S.; Hatton, T.A.; Rutledge, G.C.; J. Mat. Sci. 2016, 51(1), 204-217.
• 43. Huang, L.; McCutcheon, J.R. J. Memb. Sci. 2014, 457, 162-169.
• 44. Baji, A.; Mai, Y.W.; Wong, S.C.; Abtahi, M.; Chen, P. Comp. Sci. and Tech. 2010,70(5), 703-718.