An IOT architecture for facilitating integration of geoinformation

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 15 - 25, 01.02.2020

Ümit Işıkdağ

https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.587023

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Background: GeoInformation, is very valuable for a range of fields ranging from location based services and navigation to smart cities and homes. On the other hand today many fields benefit from Internet of Things (IoT) implementations, where the machine-to-machine and machine-to-human transmission of GeoInformation frequently occurs. This transmission usually occurs in multi-source/multi-target and multiplatform IoT environments. Problem Statement: In many cases real-time GeoInformation stays in its own island of automation, and thus its real value cannot be uncovered. This happens mainly due to inefficiencies and problems that occur in the storage, sharing and exchange of real-time GeoInformation as a result of multi-source/multi-target and multi-platform nature of the IoT architectures. Research Approach: Integration appears as a critical paradigm which should be focused in order to store, manage and transfer of GeoInformation efficiently in these complex environments. In this context, the focus of the study was to test the applicability of different technologies and integration methods for acquisition, transmission and visualisation of multi-source GeoInformation through implementing an IoT Integration Testbed Architecture which is utilizing low-cost hardware (to acquire information), graph databases(to store information) and standard IoT protocols (to exchange information). The implementation explained in this paper covers acquisition of real time GeoInformation from a set of real and virtual sensors, storage of this GeoInformation in Graph Databases, exchange of information through two different communication models (request/response and publish/subscribe) based on standard IoT protocols, and visualization of information by web pages, web mapping services and using a GIS software. Results: The implementation results demonstrated a proof-ofconcept on how multi-source GeoInformation acquired from different type of IoT nodes can be integrated, stored and visualised on different platforms by utilising a standard IoT communication paradigms and multiple communication models.

Keywords

IoT, GeoInformation, Integration, Graph Database, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, REST

References

• Agoub,A.,Kunde,F.,Kada,M. (2016) Potential of Graph Databases in Representing and Enriching Standardized Geodata, DGPF, Available online at: https://www.dgpf.de/src/tagung/jt2016/proceedings/pap ers/20_DLT2016_Agoub_et_al.pdf
• Akbulut, Z , Özdemir, S , Acar, H , Dihkan, M , Karslı, F . (2018). Automatic Extraction of Building Boundaries from High Resolution Images with Active Contour Segmentation. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 3 (1), pp.37-42. DOI: 10.26833/ijeg.373152
• Al-Fuqaha,A., Guizani,M., Mohammadi,M., Aledhari,M., Ayyash,M. (2015) Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications IEEE Communication Surveys & Tutorials, 2015 (17) pp. 2347-2376
• Arduino Client for MQTT (2016) Available online: https://pubsubclient.knolleary.net/index.html (accessed on 10-June-2016)
• Black, I. and White, G. (2017) Citizen Science, Air Quality, and the Internet of Things. In Internet of Things and Advanced Application in Healthcare, Reis,C.I. Maximiano,M.dS. Eds; IGI Global,USA,2017
• Doğan, Y , and Yakar, M . (2018). GIS AND ThreeDimensional Modeling for Cultural Heritages International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences , 3 (2) , pp.50-55 . DOI: 10.26833/ijeg.378257
• Elkhodr,M., Shahrestani,S., Cheung.H. (2015) A Smart Home Application based on the Internet of Things Management Platform. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Data Intensive Systems, Dec. 2015. Available online: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7396548/
• Erdem, N and Ince, H . (2016). The Proposal of the Building Application for more Benefiting from Solar Light. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences , 1 (1) , pp. 7-14 . DOI: 10.26833/ijeg.285215
• Gaikwad,P.P., Gabhane,I.P., Golait,S.S. (2015) A Survey based on Smart Homes System Using Internetof-Things. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC), Apr. 2015., Available online: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ document/7259486/
• Göksel, C , Doğru, A . (2019). Analyzing the Urbanization in the Protection Area of the Bosphorus. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 4 (2) , pp.52-57 . DOI: 10.26833/ijeg.446912
• Jung,M., Reinisc,C., Kastner,W. (2012) Integrating Building Automation Systems and IPv6 in the Internet of Things. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, July 2012, Available online: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6296937
• Kamilaris, A., Ostermann, F.O. (2018) Geospatial Analysis and the Internet of Things, International Journal of GeoInformation 7(10), pp.269, Available online: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7070269
• Keng, D. and Koo,S.G.M. (2014) Spatial Standards for Internet of Things, Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings 2014), Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom 2014), and Cyber-Physical-Social Computing (CPSCom 2014), Sept. 2014, Available online at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7059675
• Laska, M., Herle, S., Klamma, R., Blankenbach, J. (2018) A Scalable Architecture for Real-Time Stream Processing of Spatiotemporal IoT Stream Data- Performance Analysis on the Example of Map Matching, International Journal of GeoInformation 7(10),pp.238. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7070238
• Libelium Web Site. (2019) Available online: http://www.libelium.com/resources /top_50_iot_sensor_ applications_ranking (accessed on 02-Jan-2019)
• Liu,S. and Zhu,G. (2014) The Application of GIS and IoT Technology on Building Fire Evacuation, Procedia Engineering,2014 (71) pp. 577-582
• Ming,L.A. and Ling yan,W. (2012) The Study on Geography under Internet of Things, IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering, June 2012, Available online at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6269452
• Mülazimoğlu, E , and Başaraner, M . (2019). UserCentred Design and Evaluation of Multimodal Tourist Maps. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 4 (3) , pp.115-128 . DOI: 10.26833/ijeg.535630
• Nguyen, S. H., Yao, Z., Kolbe, T. H. (2017) SpatioSemantic Comparison of Large 3D City Models in CityGML Using a Graph Database, ISPRS Annals Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV4/W5,pp. 99-106
• Plixer. (2019) Available online : https://www.plixer.com/blog/networkmonitoring/network-layers-explained/ (accessed on 02- Feb-2019)
• Pozzebon, A. Andreadis, A. Bertoni, D. Bove, C.(2018) A Wireless Sensor Network Framework for Real-Time Monitoring of Height and Volume Variations on Sandy Beaches and Dunes, International Journal of GeoInformation 7(10),pp.141.Available online: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7040141
• Rieke, M. Bigagli, L.,Herle, S., Jirka, S. Kotsev, A.,Liebig, T., Malewski, C., Paschke, T., Stasch, C. (2018) Geospatial IoT-The Need for Event-Driven Architectures in Contemporary Spatial Data Infrastructures, International Journal of GeoInformation 7(10) pp.385 Available online: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7100385
• Rodriguez,A. (2018) RESTful Web services, IBM Developerworks, Available online : https://developer.ibm.com /articles/ws-restful/ (accessed on 25-July-2018)
• Salman,T and Jain, R. (2017) A Survey of Protocols and Standards for Internet of Things, Advanced Computing and Communications, 2017,1, Available online : https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1903/1903.11549.pdf
• Spalazzi,L., Taccari,G., Bernardini,A. (2014) An Internet of Things Ontology for Earthquake Emergency Evaluation and Response. Proceedings of 2014 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), May 2014, Available online: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6867619/
• Technopedia. (2019) Available online: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/8866/physicallayer (accessed on 10-Mar-2019)
• Techtarget. (2019) Available online: https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Data -Link-layer (accessed on 20-Mar-2019)
• Xiaoying,S. and Huanyana,Q. (2011) Design of Wetland Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011(10),pp. 1046- 1051.
• Yemenicioglu, C , Kaya, S , Seker, D . (2016). Accuracy of 3D (Three-Dimensional) Terrain Models in Simulations. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences , 1 (1) , pp.30-33 . DOI: 10.26833/ijeg.28522
• Zanella,A, Bui,N., Castellani,A., Vangelista,L., Zorzi,M. (2014) Internet of Things for Smart Cities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2014 (1),pp. 22-32
• Zhou,Q. and Zhang,J. (2011) Research Prospect of Internet of Things Geography Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Jun. 2011, Available online at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5981045