Effect of Seasonal Changes on Steroid Hormones Concentrations in the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara, Turkey)

Year 2020, , 157 - 164, 15.08.2020

Nagihan Ersoy Korkmaz , Nuray Çağlar , Abdullah Aksu , Tuba Ünsal

https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.717418

Cited By: 4

Abstract

In this study, the presence, distribution and concentration of steroidal hormones (Estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol) were examined in the Golden Horn Estuary (Marmara Sea, Turkey) for one year. The bottom and surface water samples were collected from nine stations in the Golden Horn Estuary four seasons a year. In order to determine the hormone amounts, solid phase extraction was applied to the water samples and then these samples were analyzed on the HPLC with DAD detector. Recoveries of these hormones were range from 92–100% for estuary water.

The highest concentrations of estrone, 17β- estradiol, 17α- ethynylestradiol were measured as 1.069 µg/L, 5.25 µg/L, 1.65 µg/L in Golden Horn, respectively. The concentrations of these three hormones are found higher in bottom water than the surface water and the highest concentrations of all hormones were determined in winter season.

Keywords

Endocrine disrupting compounds, , steroid hormones, estuary

Supporting Institution

ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY

Project Number

31466

Thanks

This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University (Project No: 31466 and 33621). We also thank to Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Environmental Protection and Control Department Marine Services Directorate for using their ships in this study.

References

• Adeel, M., Song, X., Wang, Y., Francis, D., Yang, Y. (2017). Environmental impact of estrogens on human, animal and plant life: A critical review. Environment International, 99, 107-119.
• Andersen, H., Siegrist, H., Halling-Sorensen, B., Ternes, T.A. (2003). Fate of estrogens in a municipal sewage treatment plant. Environmental Science & Technology, 37, 4021–4026.
• APHA, AWWA, WPCP. (1980). In A. E. Greenberg, R. R. Trussel, L. S. Clesceri, M. A. H. Franson (Eds.), Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 16th ed. Washington, DC: APHA.
• Ashfaqa, M., Sun, Q., Ma, C., Rashid, A., Li, Y., Mulla S., Yu, C. (2019). Occurrence, seasonal variation and risk evaluation of selected endocrine disrupting compounds and their transformation products in Jiulong river and estuary, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 14(5), 370–376.
• Aydin, E., Talinli, I. (2013). Analysis, occurrence and fate of commonly used pharmaceuticals and hormones in the Buyukcekmece Watershed, Turkey. Chemosphere, 90(6), 2004-2012.
• Balkis, N., Müftüoğlu, E., Aksu, A., Sur, H.I., Apak, R. (2010). The chemical oceanographic consequences of environmental restoration projects in the Golden Horn estuary (Marmara Sea, Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 164, 67–79.
• Chang, H., Wan, Y., Wu, S., Fan, Z., Hu, J. (2011). Occurrence of androgens and progestogens in wastewater treatment plants and receiving river waters: comparison to estrogens. Water Research, 45, 732–740.
• De Mes, T., Zeeman, G., Lettinga, G. (2005). Occurrence and fate of estrone, 17b-estradiol and 17a-ethynylestradiol in stps for domestic wastewater. Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 4(4), 275.
• DAMOC Consortium. (1971). Master Plan and feasibility reports for water and sewerage for the Istanbul region. (Vol.III, Part.II).
• Ersan, M.S., Balkis, N., Muftuoglu, E., Aksu, A., Burak, S. (2011). Metal pollution in surface sediments of the Golden Horn Estuary (Marmara Sea, Turkey) after the remedial actions. Asian Journal Of Chemıstry, 23, 3320-3324.
• Ferguson, E.M., Allinson M., Allinson, G., Swearer, S.E., Hassell, K.L. (2013). Fluctuations in natural and synthetic estrogen concentrations in a tidal estuary in south-eastern Australia. Water research, 47(4), 1604-1615.
• Gimiliani, G.T., Fontes, R.F.C., & Abessa, D. (2016). Modeling the dispersion of endocrine disruptors in the Santos Estuarine System (Sao Paulo State, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 64(1), 1-8.
• Hook, G.E.R. (1997). Environmental Health Perspectives: EHP, 105, 7-10.
• Hanun Ismail, N.A., Wee, S.Y., Kamarulzaman, N.H., Aris, A.Z. (2019). Quantification of multi-classes of endocrine-disrupting compounds in estuarine water. Environmental Pollution, 24(9), 1019- 1028.
• Jin, S., Yang, F., Liao, T., Hui, Y., Xu, Y. (2008). Seasonal variations of estrogenic compounds and their estrogenicities in influent and effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant in China. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27, 146–153.
• Jobling, S., Williams, R., Johnson, A., Taylor, A., Gross-Sorokin, M., Nolan, M., Tyler, C.R., van Aerle, R., Santos, E., Brighty, G. (2006). Predicted exposures to steroid estrogens in Uk rivers correlate with widespread sexual disruption in wild fish populations. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114, 32-39.
• Kim, S.C., Carlson, K. (2007). Temporal and spatial trends in the occurrence of human and veterinary antibiotics in aqueous and river sediment matrices. Environmental Science of Technology, 41, 50–57.
• Kolodziej, E.P., Sedlak, D.L. (2007). Rangeland grazing as a source of steroid hormones to surface waters. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(10), 3514-3520.
• Lindholm-Lehto, P.C., Ahkola, H.S.J., Knuutinen, J.S., Herve, S.H. (2016). Widespread occurrence and seasonal variation of pharmaceuticals in surface waters and municipal wastewater treatment plants in central Finland. Environmental Science Pollution Research, 23, 7985–7997.
• Moreno-González, R., Rodríguez-Mozaz, S., Gros, M., Pérez-Cánovas, E., Barceló, D., León, V.M. (2014). Input of pharmaceuticals through coastal surface watercourses into a Mediterranean lagoon (Mar Menor, SE Spain): sources and seasonal variations. Science of the Total Environment, 490, 59–72.
• Mulroy, A. (2001). When the cure is the problem. Water Environment Technology, 13(2), 32-36.
• Noppe, H., Verslycke, T., De Wulf, E., Verheyden, K., Monteyne, E., Van Caeter, P., Janssen, C.R., De brabander H.F. (2007). Occurrence of estrogens in the Scheldt estuary: A 2-year survey. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66, 1–8.
• Paíga, P., Santos, L.H.M.L.M., Ramos, S., Jorge, S., Silva, J.G., Delerue-Matos, C. (2016). Presence of pharmaceuticals in the Lis river (Portugal): Sources, fate and seasonal variation. Science of the Total Environment 573, 164–177.
• Pal, A., Gin, K.Y., Lin, A.Y., Reinhard, M. (2010). Impacts of emerging organic contaminants on freshwater resources: review of recent occurrences, sources, fate and effects. Science of the Total Environment, 408, 6062-6069.
• Puckowski, A., Mioduszewska, K., Łukaszewicz, P., Borecka, M., Caban, M., Maszkowska, J., Stepnowski, P. (2016). Bioaccumulation and analytics of pharmaceutical residues in the environment: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 127, 232–255.
• Roshan, N., Taghizadeh, M.M. (2019). What levels of estrogen hormones can be found in swimming pool water? Applied Water Science, 9, 132.
• Sarkar, B., Mandal, S., Tsang, Y. F., Vithanage, M., Biswas, J. K., Yi, H., Ok, Y.S. (2019). Sustainable sludge management by removing emerging contaminants from urban wastewater using carbon nanotubes. In M. N. V. Prasad, P. J. de Campos Favas, M. Vithanage, & S. V. Mohan (Eds.), Industrial and municipal sludge: Emerging concerns and scope for resource recovery, 553-571.
• Shi, J., Liu, X., Chen, Q., Zhang, H. (2014). Spatial and seasonal distributions of estrogens and bisphenol A in the Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea. Chemosphere, 111, 336–343.
• Sur, H.I., Okuş, E., Sarıkaya, H.Z., Altıok, H., Eroğlu, V., Öztürk, I. (2002). Rehabilitation and water quality monitoring in the Golden Horn. Water Science and Technology, 46 (8), 29-36.
• Ternes, T.A. (2001). Analytical methods for the determination of pharmaceuticals in aqueous environmental samples. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 20(8), 419-434.
• Turkish State Meteorological Service (1937). Information about the weekly weather and rainfall in Turkey. Retrieved 14 January 2020 from https://www.mgm.gov.tr/eng/forecast-5days.aspx
• Xuan, R., Blassengale, A. A., Wang, Q. (2008) Degradation of Estrogenic Hormones in a Silt Loam Soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56 (19), 9152-9158.
• Yan, C.X., Yang, Y., Zhou, J.L., Liu, M., Nie, M.H., Shi, H., et al. (2013). Antibiotics in the surface water of the Yangtze Estuary: occurrence, distribution and risk assessment. Environmental Pollution, 175, 22–29.
• Yang, J.F., Ying, G.G., Zhao, J.L., Tao, R., Sua, H.C., Liu, Y.S. (2011). Spatial and seasonal distribution of selected antibiotics in surface waters of the Pearl Rivers, China. Journal of Environmental Science and Health B 46, 272–280.
• Ying, G.G., Kookana, R.S., Dillon, P. (2003). Sorption and degradation of selected five endocrine disrupting chemicals in aquifer material. Water Research, 37, 3785–3791.
• Zuo, Y., Zhang, K., Deng, Y., (2006) Occurrence and photochemical degradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol in Acushnet River Estuary, Chemosphere, 63, 1583–1590.