Research Article
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Environmental Statistical Analysis on the Impacts of Marine Mucilage on some Seawater Quality Parameters

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 153 - 160, 19.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1187859

Abstract

Marine mucilage creates significant pollution in seawater due to the high amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus discharges. The water quality of the Sea of Marmara has been damaged due to this environmental problem with the rising sea water temperature since 2020. This study aims to investigate the statistical differences in the impact of marine mucilage in the Sea of Marmara between 2020 and 2021, taking into account dissolved oxygen, pH, seawater, and ambient temperature. Ten sampling locations were established for this purpose on the Anatolian part of the Sea of Marmara. The statistical analysis revealed there is a statistically significant difference with a percent of 99 confidence levels at all sampling points. The variables pH and dissolved oxygen revealed a difference between 2020 and 2021, however, no statistically significant results were determined for the seawater temperature.

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References

  • Abolins J., et al., (2008), Effects of Steam Exploded Lignin on Environmentally Benign Hot-Pressed Alder Boards, The 7th International Conference on Environmental Engineering, Selected Papers, Vol. 1, Cygnus D., Froehner K.D. (Eds.), Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Press Technika, 1-7.
  • Acar, U. et al., (2021). Determination of Mucilage in The Sea of Marmara Using Remote Sensing Techniques with Google Earth Engine. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 8 (4), 423-434 . DOI: 10.30897/ijegeo.957284
  • Androulidakis, Y.S.; Krestenitis, Y.N. (2021) Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Marine Heat Waves over the Aegean, Ionian, and Cretan Seas from 2008–2021. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 10, 42. HTTPS:// doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010042
  • ArcGIS (2021) https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=e52d55da19674b8b9905e5ca468877c8 (Accessed 01.03.2022)
  • Azam F et al., (1999) Significance of bacteria in the mucilage phenomenon in the northern Adriatic Sea. Annali Dell'istituto Superiore di Sanita. ;35(3):411-419. PMID: 10721207.
  • C. Liu et al., (2014) "A GPS Information Sharing System Based on Bluetooth Technology,", International Conference on IT Convergence and Security (ICITCS), 2014, pp. 1-2, DOI: 10.1109/ICITCS.2014.7021709.
  • Balkis, N et al.,. (2011). Role of single-celled organisms in mucilage formation on the shores of Büyükada Island (the Sea of Marmara). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91(4), 771-781. doi:10.1017/S0025315410000081
  • Cottrell, S.P. & Graefe, Alan. (1997). Testing a Conceptual Framework of Responsible Environmental Behavior. The Journal of Environmental Education. 29. 17-27. 10.1080/00958969709599103.
  • Danovaro, R et al., (2009) Climate Change and the Potential Spreading of Marine Mucilage and Microbial Pathogens in the Mediterranean Sea, PlosOne, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007006
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (1986) Standard for human health and aquatic life, in Quality criteria for water ("Gold Book"), Appendix A, 233.
  • Eren, Z., (2021). The Relationship of Harmful Algae Bloom and Mucilage Outbreak in the Sea of Marmara, Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies, Volume, 3, Issue 2, Pages:182-192.
  • European Union (EU) (2022) https://www.eea.europa.eu/archived/archived-content-water-topic/wise-help-centre/glossary-definitions/eutrophication
  • Fingas, M. (2019). Remote Sensing for Marine Management. 10.1016/B978-0-12-805052-1.00005-X. Fong, E; et al., (1975) Six Data Base Management, National Bureau of Standard Technical Note 887, U.S.A
  • Fu, X et al., (2008) "The Solution of Mobile GIS Based on Bluetooth GPS Receiver," 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 1-4, DOI: 10.1109/WiCom.2008.1251.
  • Fukao, T. et al., (2009) Marine mucilage in Ariake Sound, Japan, is composed of transparent exopolymer particles produced by the diatom Coscinodiscus granite. Fish Sci 75, 1007–1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-009-0122-0. General Quality Criteria of Sea Water in Turkey, 2004. in Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation, the State of Turkey, 2004.
  • Giles-Corti, B., & Donovan, R. J. (2003). Relative influences of individual, social environmental, and physical environmental correlates of walking. American journal of public health, 93(9), 1583–1589. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.9.1583
  • Gutierrez, T., et al., (2016). Enrichment of Fusobacteria in Sea Surface Oil Slicks from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Microorganisms, 4(3), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4030024
  • Haque, M.M.; Takeuch, M. (1983) Alleviation of mucilage problem in protoplast isolation of jute species, Saitama University, Japan Hayes, A 2021 Descriptive Statistics. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/descriptive_statistics.asp (Accessed 27.02.2021)
  • Hansson,M, and Öberg, J (2009)Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea, Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine and Environment Protection Commission, http://archive.iwlearn.net/helcom.fi/environment2/ifs/ifs2009/en_GB/cyanobacterial_blooms/index.html ( Accessed 20.02.2022).
  • Lancelot, C (1995) The mucilage phenomenon in the continental coastal waters of the North Sea, Science of the Total Environment, 165,1-3, 83-102.
  • Lin, H, et al., (2021) Empirical Research on the Quality of Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure based on SPSS, Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
  • Mecozzi, M., et al., (2012) Monitoring of marine mucilage formation in Italian seas investigated by infrared spectroscopy and independent component analysis. Environ Monit Assess 184, 6025–6036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2400-4. Namaki-Araghi,B et al., (2015) Reliability of Bluetooth Technology for Travel
  • Opoku, S.K (2012), An Indoor Tracking System Based on Bluetooth Technology, Multidisciplinary Journals in Science and Technology, Journal of Selected Areas in Telecommunications (JSAT), Vol. 2, No. 12, pages 1-8.
  • Özel,D (2001), Marmara Denizi`nin kuzeydoğusunda fitoplankton tür kompozisyonunun incelenmesi, Istanbul University, Marine Sciences, Master of Science Thesis, Istanbul.
  • Özsoy, B (2021) Deniz Alanlarının Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemleri ile İzlenmesinin Önemi, Şehir ve Toplum Dergisi, 20-21
  • Rinaldi, R.A. et al., (1995) Mucilages in Italian seas: the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas, 1988–1991, Science of The Total Environment,165, Issues 1–3,
  • Savun-Hekimoğlu, B. and Gazioğlu, C. (2021). Mucilage Problem in the Semi-Enclosed Seas: Recent outburst in the Sea of Marmara. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 8(4):402-413. DOI: 10.30897/ijegeo.955739
  • Standard Methods (2016) 4500-O G - Oxygen (Dissolved) - Membrane Electrode Method.
  • Standard Methods (2011) 4500-H+ B - pH Value - Electrometric Method.
  • Standard Methods (2010) 2550 B - Temperature - Laboratory and Field Methods.
  • The Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (UCTEA) (2016) http://politeknik.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/cmo_cevre_durum_raporu.pdf
  • Tuzcu Kokal, A., Olgun, N. & Musaoğlu, N. Detection of mucilage phenomenon in the Sea of Marmara by using multi-scale satellite data. Environ Monit Assess 194, 585 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10267-6
  • Turkey Recreational Standards (2006) State of Turkey Publications.
  • Tüfekci, V et al., ( 2010) Phytoplankton composition and environmental conditions of a mucilage event in the Sea of Marmara Turk J Biol 34 (2010) 199-210 Time Estimation, Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19:3, 240-255, DOI: 10.1080/15472450.2013.856727
  • Unlu, S and Alpar, B (2015) An assessment of metal contamination in the shelf sediments at the southern exit of Bosphorus Strait, Turkey, Environmental Chemistry/Technology, 723-740.
  • Wikipedia (2022) https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Turkey_on_the_globe_(Turkey_centered).svg
  • Yentur,R.E et al., (2013) The environmental and socio-economic effects of a biologic problem: Mucilage, Marine Science an
Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 153 - 160, 19.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1187859

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • Abolins J., et al., (2008), Effects of Steam Exploded Lignin on Environmentally Benign Hot-Pressed Alder Boards, The 7th International Conference on Environmental Engineering, Selected Papers, Vol. 1, Cygnus D., Froehner K.D. (Eds.), Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Press Technika, 1-7.
  • Acar, U. et al., (2021). Determination of Mucilage in The Sea of Marmara Using Remote Sensing Techniques with Google Earth Engine. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 8 (4), 423-434 . DOI: 10.30897/ijegeo.957284
  • Androulidakis, Y.S.; Krestenitis, Y.N. (2021) Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Marine Heat Waves over the Aegean, Ionian, and Cretan Seas from 2008–2021. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 10, 42. HTTPS:// doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010042
  • ArcGIS (2021) https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=e52d55da19674b8b9905e5ca468877c8 (Accessed 01.03.2022)
  • Azam F et al., (1999) Significance of bacteria in the mucilage phenomenon in the northern Adriatic Sea. Annali Dell'istituto Superiore di Sanita. ;35(3):411-419. PMID: 10721207.
  • C. Liu et al., (2014) "A GPS Information Sharing System Based on Bluetooth Technology,", International Conference on IT Convergence and Security (ICITCS), 2014, pp. 1-2, DOI: 10.1109/ICITCS.2014.7021709.
  • Balkis, N et al.,. (2011). Role of single-celled organisms in mucilage formation on the shores of Büyükada Island (the Sea of Marmara). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91(4), 771-781. doi:10.1017/S0025315410000081
  • Cottrell, S.P. & Graefe, Alan. (1997). Testing a Conceptual Framework of Responsible Environmental Behavior. The Journal of Environmental Education. 29. 17-27. 10.1080/00958969709599103.
  • Danovaro, R et al., (2009) Climate Change and the Potential Spreading of Marine Mucilage and Microbial Pathogens in the Mediterranean Sea, PlosOne, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007006
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (1986) Standard for human health and aquatic life, in Quality criteria for water ("Gold Book"), Appendix A, 233.
  • Eren, Z., (2021). The Relationship of Harmful Algae Bloom and Mucilage Outbreak in the Sea of Marmara, Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies, Volume, 3, Issue 2, Pages:182-192.
  • European Union (EU) (2022) https://www.eea.europa.eu/archived/archived-content-water-topic/wise-help-centre/glossary-definitions/eutrophication
  • Fingas, M. (2019). Remote Sensing for Marine Management. 10.1016/B978-0-12-805052-1.00005-X. Fong, E; et al., (1975) Six Data Base Management, National Bureau of Standard Technical Note 887, U.S.A
  • Fu, X et al., (2008) "The Solution of Mobile GIS Based on Bluetooth GPS Receiver," 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 1-4, DOI: 10.1109/WiCom.2008.1251.
  • Fukao, T. et al., (2009) Marine mucilage in Ariake Sound, Japan, is composed of transparent exopolymer particles produced by the diatom Coscinodiscus granite. Fish Sci 75, 1007–1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-009-0122-0. General Quality Criteria of Sea Water in Turkey, 2004. in Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation, the State of Turkey, 2004.
  • Giles-Corti, B., & Donovan, R. J. (2003). Relative influences of individual, social environmental, and physical environmental correlates of walking. American journal of public health, 93(9), 1583–1589. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.9.1583
  • Gutierrez, T., et al., (2016). Enrichment of Fusobacteria in Sea Surface Oil Slicks from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Microorganisms, 4(3), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4030024
  • Haque, M.M.; Takeuch, M. (1983) Alleviation of mucilage problem in protoplast isolation of jute species, Saitama University, Japan Hayes, A 2021 Descriptive Statistics. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/descriptive_statistics.asp (Accessed 27.02.2021)
  • Hansson,M, and Öberg, J (2009)Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea, Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine and Environment Protection Commission, http://archive.iwlearn.net/helcom.fi/environment2/ifs/ifs2009/en_GB/cyanobacterial_blooms/index.html ( Accessed 20.02.2022).
  • Lancelot, C (1995) The mucilage phenomenon in the continental coastal waters of the North Sea, Science of the Total Environment, 165,1-3, 83-102.
  • Lin, H, et al., (2021) Empirical Research on the Quality of Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure based on SPSS, Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
  • Mecozzi, M., et al., (2012) Monitoring of marine mucilage formation in Italian seas investigated by infrared spectroscopy and independent component analysis. Environ Monit Assess 184, 6025–6036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2400-4. Namaki-Araghi,B et al., (2015) Reliability of Bluetooth Technology for Travel
  • Opoku, S.K (2012), An Indoor Tracking System Based on Bluetooth Technology, Multidisciplinary Journals in Science and Technology, Journal of Selected Areas in Telecommunications (JSAT), Vol. 2, No. 12, pages 1-8.
  • Özel,D (2001), Marmara Denizi`nin kuzeydoğusunda fitoplankton tür kompozisyonunun incelenmesi, Istanbul University, Marine Sciences, Master of Science Thesis, Istanbul.
  • Özsoy, B (2021) Deniz Alanlarının Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemleri ile İzlenmesinin Önemi, Şehir ve Toplum Dergisi, 20-21
  • Rinaldi, R.A. et al., (1995) Mucilages in Italian seas: the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas, 1988–1991, Science of The Total Environment,165, Issues 1–3,
  • Savun-Hekimoğlu, B. and Gazioğlu, C. (2021). Mucilage Problem in the Semi-Enclosed Seas: Recent outburst in the Sea of Marmara. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 8(4):402-413. DOI: 10.30897/ijegeo.955739
  • Standard Methods (2016) 4500-O G - Oxygen (Dissolved) - Membrane Electrode Method.
  • Standard Methods (2011) 4500-H+ B - pH Value - Electrometric Method.
  • Standard Methods (2010) 2550 B - Temperature - Laboratory and Field Methods.
  • The Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (UCTEA) (2016) http://politeknik.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/cmo_cevre_durum_raporu.pdf
  • Tuzcu Kokal, A., Olgun, N. & Musaoğlu, N. Detection of mucilage phenomenon in the Sea of Marmara by using multi-scale satellite data. Environ Monit Assess 194, 585 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10267-6
  • Turkey Recreational Standards (2006) State of Turkey Publications.
  • Tüfekci, V et al., ( 2010) Phytoplankton composition and environmental conditions of a mucilage event in the Sea of Marmara Turk J Biol 34 (2010) 199-210 Time Estimation, Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19:3, 240-255, DOI: 10.1080/15472450.2013.856727
  • Unlu, S and Alpar, B (2015) An assessment of metal contamination in the shelf sediments at the southern exit of Bosphorus Strait, Turkey, Environmental Chemistry/Technology, 723-740.
  • Wikipedia (2022) https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Turkey_on_the_globe_(Turkey_centered).svg
  • Yentur,R.E et al., (2013) The environmental and socio-economic effects of a biologic problem: Mucilage, Marine Science an
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Sciences, Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hasan Volkan Oral 0000-0002-5743-1931

Project Number -
Publication Date March 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Oral, H. V. (2023). Environmental Statistical Analysis on the Impacts of Marine Mucilage on some Seawater Quality Parameters. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 10(1), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1187859