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LİBERASYON VE EKONOMİK MARJİNALLEŞME HİPOTEZLERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ KADIN SANIK SAYISINDAKİ DEĞİŞİM: EKONOMETRİK BİR İNCELEME

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 106 - 122, 15.04.2020

Nadira Seyidova , İmren Alakuş

Abstract

Sosyal bilimlerde suçtaki cinsiyet farkı tartışmalı meseledir. Suçtaki bu fark yıllar içinde azalmıştır. Ekonomik marjinalleşme ve liberasyon hipotezi bu gerçeğe yönelik kapsayıcı açıklamalar sunmaktadır. Bu hipotezler çeşitli ülkeler ve dönemler için test edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki suçtaki cinsiyet farklılığını değerlendirmek için yukarıda bahsedilen hipotezleri kullanmıştır. Ekonomik ve sosyal göstergeler yardımıyla istatistikler analiz edilmiştir. Göstergeler için zaman serileri yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Serilerde durağanlık ADF ve PP birim kök testleri ile sınanmıştır. ARDL eşbütünleşme ve Granger nedensellik testleri seriler arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak için kullanılmıştır. Hipotezler ve çıktılar ışığında çalışma, Türkiye’deki kadın suçuna yönelik mevcut durumu değerlendirmiştir.

Keywords

liberasyon hipotezi ekonomik marjinalleşme hipotezi suç zaman serileri analizi

References

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  • Austin, R. L. (1982). Women's liberation and increases in minor, major, and occupational offenses. Criminology, 20(3-4), 407-430.
  • Baldwin, J. I. (1983). The effects of women's liberation and socialization on delinquency and crime. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 90-111.
  • Box, S., & Hale, C. (1983). Liberation and Female Criminality in England and Wales. The British Journal of Criminology, 35-49.
  • Box, S., & Hale, C. (1984). Liberation/emancipation, economic marginalization, or less chivalry: The relevance of three theoretical arguments to female crime patterns in England and Wales, 1951–1980. Criminology, 22(4), 473-497.
  • Chesney, L. M. (1986). " Women and Crime": The Female Offender. Signs: journal of Women in Culture and Society, 12(1), 78-96.
  • Dalton, K. (1964). The Influence of Menstruation on Health and Disease. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 262-264.
  • Daly, K., & Lind, M. C. (1988). Feminism and criminology. Justice Quarterly, 5(4), 497-538.
  • Dickey D.A. ve Fuller W.A., (1981), Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root, Econometrica, Vol.49, ss.1057.
  • Fox, J., & Hartnagel, T. F. (1979). Changing social roles and female crime in Canada: a time series analysis. Canadian Review of Sociology, 16(1), 96-104.
  • Gavrilova, E., & Campaniello, N. (2015). Uncovering the Gender Participation Gap in the Crime Market. IZA Discussion Paper.
  • Gould, E. D., Weinberg, B. A., & Mustard, D. B. (2002). Crime rates and local labor market opportunities in the United States: 1979–1997. Review of Economics and statistics, 84(1), 45-61.
  • Grogger, J. (1998). Market wages and youth crime. Journal of labor Economics, 16(4), 756-791.
  • Gujarati, D.N.&Porter D.C. (2012), Temel Ekonometri, (Ü.Şenesen ve G.G.Şenesen, Çev.), İstanbul:Literatür Yayınları:656.
  • Heimer, K. (2000). Changes in the gender gap in crime and women's economic marginalization. Criminal Justice(1), 427-483.
  • Heiskanen, M., & Lietonen, A. (2016). Crime and gender. Helsinki: HEUNI.
  • Hsieh, M. L., & Schwartz, J. (2018). Female violence and gender gap trends in Taiwan: offender-behavioral changes or net-widening enforcement explanations? Feminist criminology, 13(1), 28-58.
  • Hunnicutt, G., & Broidy, L. M. (2004). Liberation and Economic Marginalization: A Reformulation and Test of (Formerly?) Competing Models. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 41(2), 130-155.
  • Islam, M. J., Banarjee, S., & Khatun, N. (2014). Theories of Female Criminality: A criminological analysis. International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, 7(1), 1-8.
  • Lauritsen, J. L., Heimer, K., & Lynch, J. P. (2009). Trends in the gender gap in violent offending: New evidence from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Criminology, 47(2), 361-399.
  • Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, W. (1898). The Female Offender. New York: D. Appleton and Company.
  • Philips, P.,C.,B., and Peron, P., (1998), Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika, 1998-75(2), ss.335-346.
  • Pollak, O. (1950). The Criminality of Women. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Puhrmann, A. (2015). Gender and General Strain Theory: An Examination of the Role of Gendered Strains and Negative Emotions on Crime. Open Access Dissertations .
  • Reckdenwald, A., & Parker, K. F. (2008). The influence of gender inequality and marginalization on types of female offending. Homicide Studies, 12(2), 208-226.
  • Sevüktekin M, & Çınar M, (2017), Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi, Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık, 577-579
  • Simpson, S. S. (1989). Feminist Theory, Crime, and Justice. Criminology, 27(4), 605-631.
  • Small, K. (2000). Female crime in the United States, 1963–1998: An update. Gender Issues, 18(3), 75-90.
  • Steffensmeier, D. (1993). National trends in female arrests, 1960–1990: Assessment and recommendations for research. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9(4), 411-441.
  • Steffensmeier, D., & Streifel, C. (1992). Time-series analysis of the female percentage of arrests for property crimes, 1960–1985: A test of alternative explanations. Justice Quarterly, 9(1), 77-103.
  • Steffensmeier, D., Schwartz, J., Zhong, H., & Ackerman, J. (2005). An Assessment of Recent Trends in Girls’ Violence Using Diverse Longitudinal Sources: Is the Gender Gap Closing? Criminology, 43(2), 355-406.
  • TÜİK, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=kategorist (Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2018).
  • Steffensmeier, D., Zhong, H., Ackerman, J., Schwartz, J., & Agha, S. (2006). Gender Gap Trends for ViolentCrimes, 1980 to 2003. Feminist Criminology, 1(1), 72-98.
  • Sutherland, E. H., Cressey, D. R., & Luckenbill, D. F. (1992). Principles of criminology. AltaMira Press.
  • Walklate, S. (2007). Understanding criminology: Current theoretical debates. McGraw-Hill Education (UK), 2007. UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org (Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2018).

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 106 - 122, 15.04.2020

Nadira Seyidova , İmren Alakuş

Abstract

References

  • Andraszczyk, W. (2017). The criminal activity of women in selected criminological theories–cultural gender contexts. Resocjalizacja Polska, 79-86.
  • Austin, R. L. (1982). Women's liberation and increases in minor, major, and occupational offenses. Criminology, 20(3-4), 407-430.
  • Baldwin, J. I. (1983). The effects of women's liberation and socialization on delinquency and crime. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 90-111.
  • Box, S., & Hale, C. (1983). Liberation and Female Criminality in England and Wales. The British Journal of Criminology, 35-49.
  • Box, S., & Hale, C. (1984). Liberation/emancipation, economic marginalization, or less chivalry: The relevance of three theoretical arguments to female crime patterns in England and Wales, 1951–1980. Criminology, 22(4), 473-497.
  • Chesney, L. M. (1986). " Women and Crime": The Female Offender. Signs: journal of Women in Culture and Society, 12(1), 78-96.
  • Dalton, K. (1964). The Influence of Menstruation on Health and Disease. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 262-264.
  • Daly, K., & Lind, M. C. (1988). Feminism and criminology. Justice Quarterly, 5(4), 497-538.
  • Dickey D.A. ve Fuller W.A., (1981), Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root, Econometrica, Vol.49, ss.1057.
  • Fox, J., & Hartnagel, T. F. (1979). Changing social roles and female crime in Canada: a time series analysis. Canadian Review of Sociology, 16(1), 96-104.
  • Gavrilova, E., & Campaniello, N. (2015). Uncovering the Gender Participation Gap in the Crime Market. IZA Discussion Paper.
  • Gould, E. D., Weinberg, B. A., & Mustard, D. B. (2002). Crime rates and local labor market opportunities in the United States: 1979–1997. Review of Economics and statistics, 84(1), 45-61.
  • Grogger, J. (1998). Market wages and youth crime. Journal of labor Economics, 16(4), 756-791.
  • Gujarati, D.N.&Porter D.C. (2012), Temel Ekonometri, (Ü.Şenesen ve G.G.Şenesen, Çev.), İstanbul:Literatür Yayınları:656.
  • Heimer, K. (2000). Changes in the gender gap in crime and women's economic marginalization. Criminal Justice(1), 427-483.
  • Heiskanen, M., & Lietonen, A. (2016). Crime and gender. Helsinki: HEUNI.
  • Hsieh, M. L., & Schwartz, J. (2018). Female violence and gender gap trends in Taiwan: offender-behavioral changes or net-widening enforcement explanations? Feminist criminology, 13(1), 28-58.
  • Hunnicutt, G., & Broidy, L. M. (2004). Liberation and Economic Marginalization: A Reformulation and Test of (Formerly?) Competing Models. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 41(2), 130-155.
  • Islam, M. J., Banarjee, S., & Khatun, N. (2014). Theories of Female Criminality: A criminological analysis. International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, 7(1), 1-8.
  • Lauritsen, J. L., Heimer, K., & Lynch, J. P. (2009). Trends in the gender gap in violent offending: New evidence from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Criminology, 47(2), 361-399.
  • Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, W. (1898). The Female Offender. New York: D. Appleton and Company.
  • Philips, P.,C.,B., and Peron, P., (1998), Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika, 1998-75(2), ss.335-346.
  • Pollak, O. (1950). The Criminality of Women. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Puhrmann, A. (2015). Gender and General Strain Theory: An Examination of the Role of Gendered Strains and Negative Emotions on Crime. Open Access Dissertations .
  • Reckdenwald, A., & Parker, K. F. (2008). The influence of gender inequality and marginalization on types of female offending. Homicide Studies, 12(2), 208-226.
  • Sevüktekin M, & Çınar M, (2017), Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi, Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık, 577-579
  • Simpson, S. S. (1989). Feminist Theory, Crime, and Justice. Criminology, 27(4), 605-631.
  • Small, K. (2000). Female crime in the United States, 1963–1998: An update. Gender Issues, 18(3), 75-90.
  • Steffensmeier, D. (1993). National trends in female arrests, 1960–1990: Assessment and recommendations for research. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9(4), 411-441.
  • Steffensmeier, D., & Streifel, C. (1992). Time-series analysis of the female percentage of arrests for property crimes, 1960–1985: A test of alternative explanations. Justice Quarterly, 9(1), 77-103.
  • Steffensmeier, D., Schwartz, J., Zhong, H., & Ackerman, J. (2005). An Assessment of Recent Trends in Girls’ Violence Using Diverse Longitudinal Sources: Is the Gender Gap Closing? Criminology, 43(2), 355-406.
  • TÜİK, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=kategorist (Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2018).
  • Steffensmeier, D., Zhong, H., Ackerman, J., Schwartz, J., & Agha, S. (2006). Gender Gap Trends for ViolentCrimes, 1980 to 2003. Feminist Criminology, 1(1), 72-98.
  • Sutherland, E. H., Cressey, D. R., & Luckenbill, D. F. (1992). Principles of criminology. AltaMira Press.
  • Walklate, S. (2007). Understanding criminology: Current theoretical debates. McGraw-Hill Education (UK), 2007. UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org (Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2018).
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nadira Seyidova 0000-0002-2375-8426

İmren Alakuş 0000-0001-8349-180X

Publication Date April 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Seyidova, N., & Alakuş, İ. (2020). LİBERASYON VE EKONOMİK MARJİNALLEŞME HİPOTEZLERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ KADIN SANIK SAYISINDAKİ DEĞİŞİM: EKONOMETRİK BİR İNCELEME. Uluslararası Ekonomi Siyaset İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 106-122.
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