Mechanical and Physical Performance of Portland Cement Composites with Partial Replacements of Metakaolin and Ulexite

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 58 - 69, 30.06.2023

Duygu Yıldırım , Mukhallad Mohammed Mawlood Al-mashhadanı

https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1125482

Abstract

Fabricating green binding materials are gaining a great importance in the construction sector recently. This rising interest is based upon the need for more sustainable and environment-friendly alternatives to conventional cementitious materials by utilizing waste materials and mineral by-products in the binding matrices through partial or complete replacement with Portland cement. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effect of using a boron waste, namely ulexite, along with metakaolin as partial replacements with Portland cement. By this means, flow table, setting time, compressive and flexural strengths, unit weight, water absorption, and porosity tests were carried out on twelve different specimens, including the amount of ulexite of 5% and 7%, metakaolin of 10% and 20%, and amount of superplasticizer additive of 1%. The main conclusions of this work showed that using ulexite and metakaolin up to certain percentages is beneficial in terms of mechanical and physical properties. A further increase in the addition can lead to a decrease in the performance of the matrix.

Keywords

Portland Cement, Boron, Ulexite, Metakaolin, Superplasticizer

References

• Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Boron and compounds. Available from: http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/boron-and-compounds (Accessed: 30.01.2022)
• Meydan, E. Boron compounds with magnetic properties and their application areas in the industry. Journal of scientific perspectives. 3 (2019) 11-20.
• Gezmen, T, Türkel, S. Bor minerali ve uçucu kül içeren harçların mekanik özelliklerinin ve sülfata dayanıklılığının incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylul University-Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science and Engineering. 19 (2017). DOI: 10.21205/deufmd.2017195768
• Industrial Minerals Association North America. What are borates. Available from: https://www.ima-na.org/ (Accessed: 02.02.2022)
• Werheit H., Filipov V., Kuhlmann U., Schwarz U., Armbrüster M., Leithe-Jasper A., Tanaka T., Higashi I., Lundström T., Gurin V.N. Raman effect in icosahedral boron rich solids, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 11 (2010) 1-27.
• Eti Maden. Boron minerals. Available from: https://www.etimaden.gov.tr/en/boron-minerals (Accessed: 02.02.2022)
• Davraz, M. The effects of boron compounds on the properties of cementitious. composites. Special issue of the International Conference on Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering (ICCESEN 2014). 128 (2015). DOI: 10.12693/APhysPolA.128.B-26
• Pehlivanoğlu, H.C., Davraz, M., Kılınçarslan, Ş. Bor bileşiklerinin çimento priz süresine etkisi ve denetlenebilirliği. SDU International Technologic Science. 5 (2013) 39-48.
• ÇİMSA. Mineral katkılar-metakaolin. Available from: https://www.cimsa.com.tr/ca/docs/4FE58AA58E3A4B7B85FA9E4EE011A8/2F1F16CC23ED4D44AF2BAE31D85C1A94.pdf (Accessed 02.02.2022)
• Rasekh, H, Joshaghani, A, Jahandari, S, Aslani, F, Ghodrat, M. In: Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications, 2020, Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering. (2020) 31-63 DOI: doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817369-5.00002-7
• Glavind, M. In: Sustainability of Construction Materials. Sustainability of cement, concrete and cement replacement materials in construction. (2009) DOI: 10.1533/9781845695842.120
• Yazıcı, Ş, Anuk, D, Arel, H.Ş. Metakaolin kullaniminin harçlarin mekanik özellikleri üzerine etkisi. J Fac Eng Arch Selcuk Univ 25 (2010). 2.
• Ashik, M.M., Gomathi, D. Strength properties of concrete using metakaolin. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT). 6 (2017). DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV6IS110063
• Park, K.B, Lin, R.S., Han, Y, Wang, X.Y. Model-based methods to produce greener metakaolin composite concrete. Composite Concrete. Applied Scienes 11 (2021,) DOI: 10.3390/ app112210704
• Uğurlu, A, Özdemir, M, Topçu, İ. Bor içeren kil atıkların çimento içerisinde değerlendirilmesi - evaluation of boron containing clay wastes in cement [Article in Turkish]. Uluslararası Bor Sempozyumu, 23-25 Eylül 2004 Eskişehir Türkiye
• Demirel, B, Nasıroğlu, S. Bor mineralleri ve atıklarının çimentoda kullanılma stratejileri [Article in Turkish]. Science and Engineering Journal of Fırat University 29 (2017) 95-100.
• Targan, Ş., Erdoğan, Y., Olgun, A. Kula Cürufu, Bentonit ve Kolemanit Atıklarının Termik Çimento Üretiminde Değerlendirilmesi”, 1. Uluslararası Bor Sempozyumu, Kütahya, (2002) 259-266.
• Anuk, D. Metakaolin kullanımının çimento harçlarının mekanik ve durabilite özelliklerine etkisi / Effect of metakaolin on the mechanical and durability properties of cement mortars. Master’s Thesis, 2011, İzmir.
• Yenialaca, Ç. Bor ve kullanım alanları. Master’s Thesis. Gazi Universitesi. 2009, Ankara.
• General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey. Üleksit. Available from: https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/bilgi-merkezi/uleksit (Accessed: 12.04.2022)
• Eti Maden. Ulexite. Available from: https://www.etimaden.gov.tr/en/ulexite (Accessed: 12.04.2022)
• Canımkurbey, B. Electrical properties of ulexite by dielectric spectroscopy. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology. 13 (2020) 88-94.
• Piotrowski, T, Glinicka, J, Glinicki, M.A., Prochoń, P. Influence of gadolinium oxide and ulexite on cement hydration and technical properties of mortars for neutron radiation shielding purposes. Construction and Building Materials 195 (2019) 583-589.
• Ucar, N, Calik, A, Emre, M, Akkurt, I. Physical-radiation shielding properties of concrete contains colemanite and ulexite. Indoor and Built Environment 30 (2021) 1420326X2096797. DOI: 10.1177/1420326X 20967974
• Lin, Wei-Ting, Cheng, An. Effect of metakaolin on strength and efflorescence quantity of cement-based composites. The Scientific World Journal. DOI: 10.1155/2013/606524