Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 18 - 31, 31.12.2019
Kevser Yüksel
,
Ali Çekiç
References
- Abdulkader, W. F. A. (2017). The effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in reducing school bullying among a sample of adolescents with learning disabilities. Internaitonal Journal of Educational Sciences, 18 (1)-3, 16-28, doi:10.1080/09751122.2017.1346752
- Ayas, T., Horzum, M. B. (2012). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin sanal zorba ve mağdur olma durumu. İlköğretim Online, 11(2), 369-380.
- Bayram, N. & Saylı, M. (2013). Üniversite öğrencileri arasinda siber zorbalik davranışı. Istanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuasi, 71(1),107-116.
- Brochado, S., Soares, S., & Fraga, S. (2016). A scoping review on studies of cyberbullying prevalence among adolescents. Trauma, Violence ve Abuse, 18, 523-531.
- Büller, F. (2012). Can bullying attitudes in school-aged children be changed using cognitive behavior therapy methods? A Pilot Study. (Doctoral dissertation) Lunds University, Swedish
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel., F. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (Revised 9. Editon). Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statiscial power analysis for the behavioral scienes (2. Edition). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
- Chaux, E.,Velasquez, A. M., Schultze-Krumboltz, A., & Scheithauer, H. (2016). Effects of the cyberbullying prevention program media heroes (Medienhelden) on traditional bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 42, 157-165. doi:10.1002/ab.21637
- Çalık, T., Özbay, Y., Erkan, S., Kurt, T. & Kandemir, M. (2010). Seçim teorisi temelli güvenli okul iklimi oluşturma projesi. Proje No: 106K016, TÜBİTAK
- Dobson, K. S. & Dozois, D. J. A. (2010). Historical and philosophical bases of the cognitive-behavioral therapies. In K. S. Dobson (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies (pp. 3-38). New York: Guilford Press.
- Donat-Bacıoğlu, S. (2014). Şiddet ve saldırganlığın azaltılmasında önleme ve müdahale programlarının etkililiği: Meta-analiz çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(41), 294- 304.
- Erdur-Baker, Ö. & Kavşut, F. (2007). A newface of peerbullying: Cyberbullying. Journal of Euroasian Educational Research, 27, 31-42.
- Erdur-Baker, Ö. & Topçu, Ç. (2013). Siber zorbalık. In M. Kalkan & C. Kaygusuz, (Ed), Internet bağımlılığı sorunlar ve çözümler (pp. 51-73). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
- Eweniyi, G., Adeoye, A., Ayodele, K. O. & Raheem, A. (2013). The effectiveness of two psycho-social behavioural interventions on adolescents’ bullying behaviour among Nigerian adolescents. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 4(2), 246-261.
- Farrington, D. P. & Ttofi, M. M.(2009). School-based programs to reduce bullying and victimization. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2009, 6. doi: 10.4073/csr.2009.6
- George, D. & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (4.Edition). Boston: Allyn ve Bacon.
- Gökkaya, F. & Tekinsav-Sütçü, S. (2014). Çocuklar için zorbalıkla ilgili bilişler ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 16 (Special issue.1), 54-63. doi: 10.5455/apd.174346 2015
- Gökkaya, F. (2015). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde zorbalık eğilimini azaltmaya yönelik bilişsel davranışçı bir müdahale programının geliştirilmesi ve etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi. (Doctoral dissertation) Ege University, İzmir.
- Green, S. B. & Salkind, N. J. (2005). Using SPSS for Windows and macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson / Prentice Hall.
- Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. (2009). Cyberbullying research summary: Emotional and psychological consequences. Retrieved from https://cyberbullying.org/cyberbullying_emotional_consequences.pdf
- Huebner, A. & Morgan, E. (2002). Adolescent bullying. Virginia cooperative extension, Human Development Publication, 350-852. Retrieved from https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-852/350-852.html
- Keppel, G. (1991). Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook (3. Edition). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Research.
- Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but oldwine: a research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(2007), 1777–1791. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.10.005
- Murray-Harvey, R., Skrzypiec, G. & Slee, P. (2012). Effective and ineffective coping with bullying strategies as assessed by informed professionals and their useby victimised students. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 22(1), 122-138.
- Musu-Gillette, L., Hansen, R., Chandler, K. & Tomsnyder, T. (2015). Measuring student safety: Bullying rates at school. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/blogs/nces/post/measuring-student-safety-bullying-rates-at-school
- Newman-Carlson, D. & Horne, A. M. (2004). Bully busters: A psychoeducational intervention for reducing bullying behavior in middle school students. Journal of Counseling ve Development, 82, 259-267.
- Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school (Long-Term out comes for the victims and an effective school-based intervention program). In L. R., Huesmann (Ed), Aggressive behavior current perspectives (pp. 97-130). Boston: Springer.
- Olweus, D. (2004). The Olweus bullying prevention programme: Design and implementation issues and a new national initiative in Norway. In P. K. Smith, D. Pepler, & K. Rigby (Eds.), Bullying in Schools: How Successful Can Interventions Be? (pp. 13-36). New York: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511584466.003
- Olweus, D. (2011). Bullying at school and later criminality: Findings from three Swedish community samples of males. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 21, 151–156.
- Paez, G. (2016). Cyberbullying among adolescents: A general strain theory perspective. Journal of School Violence, 17 (1), 74-85. doi:10.1080/15388220.2016.1220317
- Robinson, T. R., Smith, S. W., Miller, M. D. & Brownell, M. T. (1999). Cognitive behavior modification of hyperactivity-impulsivity and aggression: A meta-analysis of school-based studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91( 2), 195-203.
- Sukhodolsky, G. D., Kassinove, H. & Gorman, S. B. (2004). Cognitive-Behavioral therapy for anger in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 9(3), 247–270.
- Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277-287. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014
- Topçu, Ç., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). The revised cyberbullying inventory (RCBI): Validity and reliability Studies. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 660–664. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.161
- Willard, N. E. (2007). Cyberbullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social aggression, threats, and distress. Illinois: Research Press.
- Wölfer, R., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Zagorscak, P., Jakel, A., Göbel, K. & Scheithauer, H. (2014). Prevention 2.0: Targeting cyberbullying @ school. Prevention Science, 15,879–887. doi: 10.1007/s11121-013-0438-y
- Ybarra, M. & Mitchell, K. (2007). Prevalence and frequency of internet harassment instigation: Implications for adolescent health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 189-195.
The Effect of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Based Cyberbullying Prevention Program
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 18 - 31, 31.12.2019
Kevser Yüksel
,
Ali Çekiç
Abstract
A school-based program of cognitive behavioral therapy was evaluated in a randomized control study of 158 secondary school students ages 12-14 years. The program was delivered for 40 minutes, for 5 weeks. Students completed questionnaires assessing their's cyber bullying behaviours and cognitions immediately before and following the 5-week period. Experimental and control groups were compared with t-test, intra-group comparisons were performed by covariance analysis. Additionally, focus group interviews were conducted with 12 students in the experimental group and the effectiveness of the psychoeducation program was evaluated in depth. It has been concluded that the cognitive behavioral cyberbullying prevention program had a positive effect on cyberbullying behaviors. Additionally qualitative data showed that prevention program reached its aim to cope with cyberbullying. For future works, it is recommended to disseminate prevention programs for a more effective fight against cyberbullying and to include other parties such as families and schools into such programs.
References
- Abdulkader, W. F. A. (2017). The effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in reducing school bullying among a sample of adolescents with learning disabilities. Internaitonal Journal of Educational Sciences, 18 (1)-3, 16-28, doi:10.1080/09751122.2017.1346752
- Ayas, T., Horzum, M. B. (2012). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin sanal zorba ve mağdur olma durumu. İlköğretim Online, 11(2), 369-380.
- Bayram, N. & Saylı, M. (2013). Üniversite öğrencileri arasinda siber zorbalik davranışı. Istanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuasi, 71(1),107-116.
- Brochado, S., Soares, S., & Fraga, S. (2016). A scoping review on studies of cyberbullying prevalence among adolescents. Trauma, Violence ve Abuse, 18, 523-531.
- Büller, F. (2012). Can bullying attitudes in school-aged children be changed using cognitive behavior therapy methods? A Pilot Study. (Doctoral dissertation) Lunds University, Swedish
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel., F. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (Revised 9. Editon). Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statiscial power analysis for the behavioral scienes (2. Edition). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
- Chaux, E.,Velasquez, A. M., Schultze-Krumboltz, A., & Scheithauer, H. (2016). Effects of the cyberbullying prevention program media heroes (Medienhelden) on traditional bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 42, 157-165. doi:10.1002/ab.21637
- Çalık, T., Özbay, Y., Erkan, S., Kurt, T. & Kandemir, M. (2010). Seçim teorisi temelli güvenli okul iklimi oluşturma projesi. Proje No: 106K016, TÜBİTAK
- Dobson, K. S. & Dozois, D. J. A. (2010). Historical and philosophical bases of the cognitive-behavioral therapies. In K. S. Dobson (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies (pp. 3-38). New York: Guilford Press.
- Donat-Bacıoğlu, S. (2014). Şiddet ve saldırganlığın azaltılmasında önleme ve müdahale programlarının etkililiği: Meta-analiz çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(41), 294- 304.
- Erdur-Baker, Ö. & Kavşut, F. (2007). A newface of peerbullying: Cyberbullying. Journal of Euroasian Educational Research, 27, 31-42.
- Erdur-Baker, Ö. & Topçu, Ç. (2013). Siber zorbalık. In M. Kalkan & C. Kaygusuz, (Ed), Internet bağımlılığı sorunlar ve çözümler (pp. 51-73). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
- Eweniyi, G., Adeoye, A., Ayodele, K. O. & Raheem, A. (2013). The effectiveness of two psycho-social behavioural interventions on adolescents’ bullying behaviour among Nigerian adolescents. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 4(2), 246-261.
- Farrington, D. P. & Ttofi, M. M.(2009). School-based programs to reduce bullying and victimization. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2009, 6. doi: 10.4073/csr.2009.6
- George, D. & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (4.Edition). Boston: Allyn ve Bacon.
- Gökkaya, F. & Tekinsav-Sütçü, S. (2014). Çocuklar için zorbalıkla ilgili bilişler ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 16 (Special issue.1), 54-63. doi: 10.5455/apd.174346 2015
- Gökkaya, F. (2015). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde zorbalık eğilimini azaltmaya yönelik bilişsel davranışçı bir müdahale programının geliştirilmesi ve etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi. (Doctoral dissertation) Ege University, İzmir.
- Green, S. B. & Salkind, N. J. (2005). Using SPSS for Windows and macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson / Prentice Hall.
- Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. (2009). Cyberbullying research summary: Emotional and psychological consequences. Retrieved from https://cyberbullying.org/cyberbullying_emotional_consequences.pdf
- Huebner, A. & Morgan, E. (2002). Adolescent bullying. Virginia cooperative extension, Human Development Publication, 350-852. Retrieved from https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-852/350-852.html
- Keppel, G. (1991). Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook (3. Edition). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Research.
- Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but oldwine: a research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(2007), 1777–1791. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.10.005
- Murray-Harvey, R., Skrzypiec, G. & Slee, P. (2012). Effective and ineffective coping with bullying strategies as assessed by informed professionals and their useby victimised students. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 22(1), 122-138.
- Musu-Gillette, L., Hansen, R., Chandler, K. & Tomsnyder, T. (2015). Measuring student safety: Bullying rates at school. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/blogs/nces/post/measuring-student-safety-bullying-rates-at-school
- Newman-Carlson, D. & Horne, A. M. (2004). Bully busters: A psychoeducational intervention for reducing bullying behavior in middle school students. Journal of Counseling ve Development, 82, 259-267.
- Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school (Long-Term out comes for the victims and an effective school-based intervention program). In L. R., Huesmann (Ed), Aggressive behavior current perspectives (pp. 97-130). Boston: Springer.
- Olweus, D. (2004). The Olweus bullying prevention programme: Design and implementation issues and a new national initiative in Norway. In P. K. Smith, D. Pepler, & K. Rigby (Eds.), Bullying in Schools: How Successful Can Interventions Be? (pp. 13-36). New York: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511584466.003
- Olweus, D. (2011). Bullying at school and later criminality: Findings from three Swedish community samples of males. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 21, 151–156.
- Paez, G. (2016). Cyberbullying among adolescents: A general strain theory perspective. Journal of School Violence, 17 (1), 74-85. doi:10.1080/15388220.2016.1220317
- Robinson, T. R., Smith, S. W., Miller, M. D. & Brownell, M. T. (1999). Cognitive behavior modification of hyperactivity-impulsivity and aggression: A meta-analysis of school-based studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91( 2), 195-203.
- Sukhodolsky, G. D., Kassinove, H. & Gorman, S. B. (2004). Cognitive-Behavioral therapy for anger in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 9(3), 247–270.
- Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277-287. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014
- Topçu, Ç., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). The revised cyberbullying inventory (RCBI): Validity and reliability Studies. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 660–664. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.161
- Willard, N. E. (2007). Cyberbullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social aggression, threats, and distress. Illinois: Research Press.
- Wölfer, R., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Zagorscak, P., Jakel, A., Göbel, K. & Scheithauer, H. (2014). Prevention 2.0: Targeting cyberbullying @ school. Prevention Science, 15,879–887. doi: 10.1007/s11121-013-0438-y
- Ybarra, M. & Mitchell, K. (2007). Prevalence and frequency of internet harassment instigation: Implications for adolescent health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 189-195.