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A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SUICIDE TOURISM

Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 25 - 36, 30.12.2016

Maşide Gürcü , Muradiye Varol , Betül Başar Kara , Dilaver Tengilimoğlu

Abstract

 

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to enlighten the fact of suicide tourism putting forth the approach of the different disciplines to the suicide tourism. The study consists of three chapters. First of all, euthanasia and assisted suicide topics were dealt with. Later, the approach of the religions to the suicide was explained, and the eastern and western points of views were examined. The last part of the article is on the suicide tourism. Describing the suicide and death tourism, the different applications in different countries were analyzed, and examples of assisted suicidal attempts were presented. Dignitas Organization in Switzerland which is the central point of suicide tourism was evaluated. The future of suicide, and suicidal tourism were interpreted in terms of religion, sociology, health and tourism, and some advices were made.

Key Words: Suicidal Tourism, Death Tourism, Health Tourism, Assisted Suicide, Dignitas Clinic

References

  • References
  • Akbaş M. (2010). Biyoetik Bir Sorun Olarak Ötanazi: Tarihi, Çeşitleri Ve Felsefesi, Felsefe Dünyası, Vol. 1, No 51, pp. 1-15.
  • Alpert, R.(2010). Grief and Rituals Surrounding Death A Jewish Approach, Religion, Death and Dying, Perspectives on Dying and Death, Praeger Perspectives Publishers: California.
  • Andorno, R. (2013). Nonphysician-assisted suicide in Switzerland. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Vol. 22, No. 03, pp. 246-253.
  • Atabek E. ve Değer M. (2000). Tıbbi Deontoloji Konuları, İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Aydoğan F. ve Uygun K. (2011). Kanser Hastalarında Palyatif Tedaviler, Klinik Gelişim, Vol. 24, pp. 4-9.
  • Biggs, H.(2001). Death with Dignity and Law, Oxford: Hart Publishing.
  • Callaghan, S. (2011). Death Tourism: Travelling For Life-Ending Procedures Precedent, Precedent, Vol. 107, pp. 34-39.
  • Connell, J. (2006). Medical Tourism: The Newest of Niches, Tourism Recreation Research, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 99-102.
  • Cowley LT, Ernie Young BA and Raffin TA. (1992). Care of the Dying: An Ethicaland Historical Perspective, Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 1473-82.
  • Doğan, L.(1968). İslam’da Yaşama Hakkı, DİB Dergisi, Vol. 7, pp. 70–71.
  • Dieter B. (2015). Euthanasia, International Encyclopedia of th eSocial – Behavioral Sciences (7th Edition), Elsevier.
  • Dinim, E. (2007). “Pikku’ah Nefesh”, Encyclopedia Judaica, (Ed) Fred Skolnik, (2th Edition), Thomson Gale Press: New York.
  • Durkheim, E. (2011). İntihar, (Ö. Ozankaya, Çev.), Cem Yayınevi: İstanbul.
  • English, V., Romano-Critchley, G., Sheather, J. and Sommerville, A. (2003). How Should Students Learn? Some Continuing Difficulties with Consent, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 118-119.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, (1992, 8 November). Retrieved 06 June 2016, http://www.elca.org/What-We-Believe/Social-İssues/Messages/End-of-LifeDecision.aspx.
  • Flannery, A. (2002). Ötanazi Üzerine Beyanname. (O.Taştan, Çev.) Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 405-412.
  • Foster, C. (2014). Suicide Tourism May Change Attitudes to Assisted Suicide, But Not Through the Courts, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 620.
  • Foulkes, I. (2010, July 2). ‘Dignitas Boss: Healthy Should Have Right to Die’. BBC News, Retrieved 08 June 2016, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10481309.
  • Gauthier, S., Mausbach, J., Reisch, T. and Bartsch, C. (2015). Suicide Tourism: A Pilot Study on The Swiss Phenomenon, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 611-617.
  • Gay-Williams J. (1992). The Wrogfulness of Euthanasia, Munson R. Intervention and Reflection: Basic Issues in Medical Ethics, Wadsworth Publishing Company.
  • Hall, A. (2009, Jan 25). Cashing in on despair? “Suicide clinic Dignitas is a Profit Obsessed Killing Machine, Claims Ex-worker”, The Mail, Retrieved 02 January 2016. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1127413/Cashing-despair-Suicide-clinic-Dignitas-profit-obsessed-killing-machine-claims-ex-worker.html.
  • Hasta Hakları Yönetmeliği, Resmi Gazete: 01.08.1998.
  • İnceoğlu S. (1999). Ölme Hakkı Ötanazi, Ayrıntı Yayım: İstanbul.
  • Kalyoncu, H. (2011). Ölümsüzlük İhtiyacı, İntihar, Ötanazi ve Reenkarnasyon, Boğaziçi Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Keown, D. (2005). End of Life: The Buddhist View, Golsmith College University, London.
  • Leidig, M. and Samuel, H. (2007, 9 Now). “Swiss Suicide Group Operates in Car Parks”, The Telegraph, Retrieved 02 March 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1568874/Swiss-suicide-group-operates-in-car-parks.html.
  • Mahmood, K. (2008). Difference Between Voluntary Active and Voluntary Passive Euthanasia: An Ethico-Legal Perspective, Rawal Medical Journal, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 242-244.
  • Nimbalkar, N. (2007). Euthanasia: The Hindu Perspective, National Seminar on Bio Ethics, Thane: Joshi- Bedekar College.
  • Oduncu, F. S. (2003). Euthanasia: Killing as duecare?, Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, Vol. 153, No. 17-18, pp. 387-391.
  • Ost, S. (2010). The De-Medicalisation of Assisted Dying: Is a Less Medicalised Model The Way Forward?, Medical Law Review, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 497-540.
  • Otani, I. (2010). “Good Manner of Dying” as a Normative Concept: “Autocide,” “Granny Dumping” and Discussions on Euthanasia/Death with Dignity in Japan. International Journal of Japanese Sociology, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 49-63.
  • Öz, O. (2009). Sağlık Turizmi Kapsamında Medikal (Tıbbi) Turizm ve Türkiye’nin Olanakları, Journal of Yasar University, Vol. 4, No. 14, pp. 2257-2279.
  • Özkara E. (2001). Ötanazide Temel Kavramlar ve Güncel Tartışmalar, Seçkin Basımevi: Ankara.
  • Pennings, G. (2002). Reproductive Tourism as Moral Pluralism in Motion, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 337-341.
  • Pakes, F. (2003). Tolerance and Pragmatism in the Netherlands: Euthanasia, Coffee shops and Prostitution in the Purple Years, 1994-2002, Int'l J. Police Sci. & Mgmt, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 217-228.
  • Paralysed Player Killed Himself. (2008, 10 Dec). BBC News, Retrieved 05 December 2015, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hereford/worcs/7774802.stm.
  • Pathak, A., Mangal, H. M., Kyada, H. and Hussain, S. (2009). Death Tourism (Sterbetourism): Destination to Heaven, Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 274-276.
  • Revill J. (2003, 26 Jan). Swissto Stop Entry of ‘mercy death’ Britons. The Guardian,Retrieved 24 April 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/society/2003/jan/26/health.medicineandhealth2.
  • Roberts, C. and Gorman, S. M. (1996). Euthanasia, Contemporary World İssues, Oxford: ABC-CLİO Press.
  • Robinson, R. (2001). Survivors of Suicide Revised Edition, New Pages Books, USA.
  • Safyan, A. R. (2010). Call for International Regulation of the Thriving Industry of Death Tourism, A. Loy. LA Int'l&Comp. L. Rev, Vol. 33, pp. 287-319.
  • SAMW, Swiss Academy of Medical Science: Guidelines: End-of-life-care, Retrieved 08 May 2016, http://www.samw.ch/en/Ethics/Guidelines/Currently-valid-guidelines.html
  • SaundersP. J. (1994). Eutnaisa, Do Not Change Existing Law, British Medical Journal, Vol. 309, No. 6952, pp. 473.
  • Stewart, C., Peisah, C. and Draper, B. (2010). A Test For Mental Capacity to Request Assisted Suicide, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 34-39.
  • Stone, P. R. (2010). Death, Dyingand Dark Tourism in Contemporary Society: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire).
  • Srinivas, R. V. (2009). Exploring the Potential for American Death Tourism, Michigan State University College of Law Journal of Medicine and Law, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 92-122.
  • Switzerland: Zurich Votes to Keep Assisted Suicide. (2011, 15 May). BBC News, Retrieved 06 February 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-13405376.
  • Tan O. and Yerlikaya Ü. (2012). Tıpla İlgili Problemler, İslam Hukuku El Kitabı, (Ed) Galip Türcan, Grafiker Yayınları: Ankara.
  • Terzioğlu A. (1993). Ağrı ve Tıbbi Etik, Hipokrat, Vol, 2, pp. 25-29. Tıbbi Deontoloji Nizamnamesi, Retrieved 23 June 2016 http://www.tkhk.gov.tr/TR,1542/tibbi-deontoloji-nizamnamesi.html
  • Truog R. D. and Berde C. B. (1993). Pain, Euthanasia and Anesthesiologists, Anesthesiology. Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 353-360.
  • Türkmen N. S. (2013). Hemşirelik Açısından Ötanazi, İçinde: Üstün Ç. (Ed) Ötanazi, Ege Üniversitesi Basım: İzmir.
  • Weaver, M. (2009, 14 July). British Conductor Dies with Wife at Assisted Suicide Clinic. The Guardian, Retrieved 04 May 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/society/2009/jul/14/assisted-suicide-conductor-edward-downes.
  • WHO Constitution, Retrieved 04 May 2016, http://www.who.int/about/en/.

Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 25 - 36, 30.12.2016

Maşide Gürcü , Muradiye Varol , Betül Başar Kara , Dilaver Tengilimoğlu

Abstract

References

  • References
  • Akbaş M. (2010). Biyoetik Bir Sorun Olarak Ötanazi: Tarihi, Çeşitleri Ve Felsefesi, Felsefe Dünyası, Vol. 1, No 51, pp. 1-15.
  • Alpert, R.(2010). Grief and Rituals Surrounding Death A Jewish Approach, Religion, Death and Dying, Perspectives on Dying and Death, Praeger Perspectives Publishers: California.
  • Andorno, R. (2013). Nonphysician-assisted suicide in Switzerland. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Vol. 22, No. 03, pp. 246-253.
  • Atabek E. ve Değer M. (2000). Tıbbi Deontoloji Konuları, İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Aydoğan F. ve Uygun K. (2011). Kanser Hastalarında Palyatif Tedaviler, Klinik Gelişim, Vol. 24, pp. 4-9.
  • Biggs, H.(2001). Death with Dignity and Law, Oxford: Hart Publishing.
  • Callaghan, S. (2011). Death Tourism: Travelling For Life-Ending Procedures Precedent, Precedent, Vol. 107, pp. 34-39.
  • Connell, J. (2006). Medical Tourism: The Newest of Niches, Tourism Recreation Research, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 99-102.
  • Cowley LT, Ernie Young BA and Raffin TA. (1992). Care of the Dying: An Ethicaland Historical Perspective, Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 1473-82.
  • Doğan, L.(1968). İslam’da Yaşama Hakkı, DİB Dergisi, Vol. 7, pp. 70–71.
  • Dieter B. (2015). Euthanasia, International Encyclopedia of th eSocial – Behavioral Sciences (7th Edition), Elsevier.
  • Dinim, E. (2007). “Pikku’ah Nefesh”, Encyclopedia Judaica, (Ed) Fred Skolnik, (2th Edition), Thomson Gale Press: New York.
  • Durkheim, E. (2011). İntihar, (Ö. Ozankaya, Çev.), Cem Yayınevi: İstanbul.
  • English, V., Romano-Critchley, G., Sheather, J. and Sommerville, A. (2003). How Should Students Learn? Some Continuing Difficulties with Consent, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 118-119.
  • Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, (1992, 8 November). Retrieved 06 June 2016, http://www.elca.org/What-We-Believe/Social-İssues/Messages/End-of-LifeDecision.aspx.
  • Flannery, A. (2002). Ötanazi Üzerine Beyanname. (O.Taştan, Çev.) Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 405-412.
  • Foster, C. (2014). Suicide Tourism May Change Attitudes to Assisted Suicide, But Not Through the Courts, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 620.
  • Foulkes, I. (2010, July 2). ‘Dignitas Boss: Healthy Should Have Right to Die’. BBC News, Retrieved 08 June 2016, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10481309.
  • Gauthier, S., Mausbach, J., Reisch, T. and Bartsch, C. (2015). Suicide Tourism: A Pilot Study on The Swiss Phenomenon, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 611-617.
  • Gay-Williams J. (1992). The Wrogfulness of Euthanasia, Munson R. Intervention and Reflection: Basic Issues in Medical Ethics, Wadsworth Publishing Company.
  • Hall, A. (2009, Jan 25). Cashing in on despair? “Suicide clinic Dignitas is a Profit Obsessed Killing Machine, Claims Ex-worker”, The Mail, Retrieved 02 January 2016. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1127413/Cashing-despair-Suicide-clinic-Dignitas-profit-obsessed-killing-machine-claims-ex-worker.html.
  • Hasta Hakları Yönetmeliği, Resmi Gazete: 01.08.1998.
  • İnceoğlu S. (1999). Ölme Hakkı Ötanazi, Ayrıntı Yayım: İstanbul.
  • Kalyoncu, H. (2011). Ölümsüzlük İhtiyacı, İntihar, Ötanazi ve Reenkarnasyon, Boğaziçi Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Keown, D. (2005). End of Life: The Buddhist View, Golsmith College University, London.
  • Leidig, M. and Samuel, H. (2007, 9 Now). “Swiss Suicide Group Operates in Car Parks”, The Telegraph, Retrieved 02 March 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1568874/Swiss-suicide-group-operates-in-car-parks.html.
  • Mahmood, K. (2008). Difference Between Voluntary Active and Voluntary Passive Euthanasia: An Ethico-Legal Perspective, Rawal Medical Journal, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 242-244.
  • Nimbalkar, N. (2007). Euthanasia: The Hindu Perspective, National Seminar on Bio Ethics, Thane: Joshi- Bedekar College.
  • Oduncu, F. S. (2003). Euthanasia: Killing as duecare?, Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, Vol. 153, No. 17-18, pp. 387-391.
  • Ost, S. (2010). The De-Medicalisation of Assisted Dying: Is a Less Medicalised Model The Way Forward?, Medical Law Review, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 497-540.
  • Otani, I. (2010). “Good Manner of Dying” as a Normative Concept: “Autocide,” “Granny Dumping” and Discussions on Euthanasia/Death with Dignity in Japan. International Journal of Japanese Sociology, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 49-63.
  • Öz, O. (2009). Sağlık Turizmi Kapsamında Medikal (Tıbbi) Turizm ve Türkiye’nin Olanakları, Journal of Yasar University, Vol. 4, No. 14, pp. 2257-2279.
  • Özkara E. (2001). Ötanazide Temel Kavramlar ve Güncel Tartışmalar, Seçkin Basımevi: Ankara.
  • Pennings, G. (2002). Reproductive Tourism as Moral Pluralism in Motion, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 337-341.
  • Pakes, F. (2003). Tolerance and Pragmatism in the Netherlands: Euthanasia, Coffee shops and Prostitution in the Purple Years, 1994-2002, Int'l J. Police Sci. & Mgmt, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 217-228.
  • Paralysed Player Killed Himself. (2008, 10 Dec). BBC News, Retrieved 05 December 2015, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hereford/worcs/7774802.stm.
  • Pathak, A., Mangal, H. M., Kyada, H. and Hussain, S. (2009). Death Tourism (Sterbetourism): Destination to Heaven, Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 274-276.
  • Revill J. (2003, 26 Jan). Swissto Stop Entry of ‘mercy death’ Britons. The Guardian,Retrieved 24 April 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/society/2003/jan/26/health.medicineandhealth2.
  • Roberts, C. and Gorman, S. M. (1996). Euthanasia, Contemporary World İssues, Oxford: ABC-CLİO Press.
  • Robinson, R. (2001). Survivors of Suicide Revised Edition, New Pages Books, USA.
  • Safyan, A. R. (2010). Call for International Regulation of the Thriving Industry of Death Tourism, A. Loy. LA Int'l&Comp. L. Rev, Vol. 33, pp. 287-319.
  • SAMW, Swiss Academy of Medical Science: Guidelines: End-of-life-care, Retrieved 08 May 2016, http://www.samw.ch/en/Ethics/Guidelines/Currently-valid-guidelines.html
  • SaundersP. J. (1994). Eutnaisa, Do Not Change Existing Law, British Medical Journal, Vol. 309, No. 6952, pp. 473.
  • Stewart, C., Peisah, C. and Draper, B. (2010). A Test For Mental Capacity to Request Assisted Suicide, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 34-39.
  • Stone, P. R. (2010). Death, Dyingand Dark Tourism in Contemporary Society: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire).
  • Srinivas, R. V. (2009). Exploring the Potential for American Death Tourism, Michigan State University College of Law Journal of Medicine and Law, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 92-122.
  • Switzerland: Zurich Votes to Keep Assisted Suicide. (2011, 15 May). BBC News, Retrieved 06 February 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-13405376.
  • Tan O. and Yerlikaya Ü. (2012). Tıpla İlgili Problemler, İslam Hukuku El Kitabı, (Ed) Galip Türcan, Grafiker Yayınları: Ankara.
  • Terzioğlu A. (1993). Ağrı ve Tıbbi Etik, Hipokrat, Vol, 2, pp. 25-29. Tıbbi Deontoloji Nizamnamesi, Retrieved 23 June 2016 http://www.tkhk.gov.tr/TR,1542/tibbi-deontoloji-nizamnamesi.html
  • Truog R. D. and Berde C. B. (1993). Pain, Euthanasia and Anesthesiologists, Anesthesiology. Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 353-360.
  • Türkmen N. S. (2013). Hemşirelik Açısından Ötanazi, İçinde: Üstün Ç. (Ed) Ötanazi, Ege Üniversitesi Basım: İzmir.
  • Weaver, M. (2009, 14 July). British Conductor Dies with Wife at Assisted Suicide Clinic. The Guardian, Retrieved 04 May 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/society/2009/jul/14/assisted-suicide-conductor-edward-downes.
  • WHO Constitution, Retrieved 04 May 2016, http://www.who.int/about/en/.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Maşide Gürcü

Muradiye Varol

Betül Başar Kara

Dilaver Tengilimoğlu

Publication Date December 30, 2016
Submission Date October 11, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 1 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Gürcü, M., Varol, M., Başar Kara, B., Tengilimoğlu, D. (2016). A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SUICIDE TOURISM. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 1(3), 25-36.
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