KAMUSAL SANAT VE KÜLTÜR EKSENLİ KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 0 - 0, 31.12.2018

Şebnem Gökçen

Abstract

Kamusal sanatın 1980 sonrası dönemde kamusal alanda salt estetik bir dokunuş olmanın ötesinde sosyal bütünleşme ve mekânsal aidiyet duygusunu artırdığı, kentsel mekânların canlandırılmasına katkıda bulunduğu, yaşam kalitesini yükselttiği, kimlik vererek görünürlük yarattığı, ziyaretçi nüfusu, kültür aktörleri (yaratıcı sınıf) ve yatırımları çektiği ve kültür ekonomisiyle girdi teşkil eden faaliyetleri tamamlayıcı olduğu savunulmaktadır. Bu yönüyle kamusal sanat özellikle kültür eksenli dönüşüm süreçleri için bir deva misyonu taşımaya başlamıştır. Bu makalenin amacı kentlerin yüzünü 21. yüzyıla dönen duruşlarında kamusal sanatın ne şekilde ele alınabileceği ve kültür politikalarının nasıl işlev görebileceğine ilişkin uygulamaları ve ardındaki ilkesel çerçeveyi ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle kamusal sanat olgusunun içeriğini belirli kategoriler çerçevesinde tartışmak, sonrasında farklı zaman ve coğrafyaların üretimi olan kimi örnekler üzerinden kamusal sanatın kentsel tasarım ve planlamadaki rolünü ortaya koymak ve kültür politikaları içerisinde kamusal sanatın kentsel yeniden yapılanma süreçleri ile nasıl ilişkilendirilmekte olduğunu tartışmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bugün kentlerin pazarlanma hedeflerinin kültür ekonomisi ile ilişkilendirilmesi doğrultusunda kamusal sanatın kentsel dönüşüm süreçleri içerisindeki yerine ilişkin tartışmalar “kültür/sanatın üretimi”, “kültür/sanat üreticileri”nin kentteki kalıcılığı ve “kültür/sanat tüketimi”nin kentsel ekonomik girdi boyutu olmak üzere üç temelde tartışılabilir. Burada, kültür/sanat alanlarına ilişkin üretim, tüketim ve yaratıcı işgücünün kültür-eksenli kentsel dönüşüm için esas algoritmayı oluşturduğu söylenebilecektir. Ancak kültür-eksenli kentsel dönüşümün kültür/sanata ve sanatçılara/tasarımcılara atfettiği rol değişkendir ve sanat ve sanatçıların kentlerin yenilenmesinde/dönüşümünde bir dinamo etkisi yaratmaları amaçlı sürece dahil edilmelerine karşın imaj ve kimlik hedefleri ile dönüşen kentsel mekanlardaki yeni düzenin sonrasında yerel sanat gruplarının ekonomik sistem dışı bırakılması söz konusudur. Kamusal sanatın artan önemi ve etkinliği açısından neredeyse küresel ölçekli bir fikir birliği olmasına karşın, ortaya çıkan resim pürüzsüz olmayıp, benimsenen deva misyonunun ardında çözümlenmesi gereken sorun alanlarının bu anlamda farkında olunmalıdır.

Keywords

kamusal sanat, kültür-eksenli kentsel dönüşüm, yaratıcı kent, kültür ekonomisi

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