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Afganistan'daki Kadın Çiftçilerin Karşılaştığı Zorluklar ve Fırsatlar

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 15.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1627351

Abstract

Kadınlar, özellikle Afganistan’ın tarım sektöründe, ülkenin kalkınmasında hayati bir rol oynamaktadır. Ancak, bu sektörde karşılaştıkları zorluklar ve fırsatlar hakkında literatürde yeterince araştırma yapılmamış ve kadınların bu alandaki benzersiz deneyimlerini anlamada bir boşluk oluşmuştur. Bu çalışma, Afganistan’ın 16 farklı vilayetinden 81 katılımcıdan elde edilen anket verilerine dayanarak kadın çiftçilerin karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve fırsatları incelemektedir. Sonuçlar, kadınların tarım sektörüne katılımını kısıtlayan önemli engelleri ortaya koymaktadır; bunlar arasında araziye erişimin sınırlı olması (%31), finansal kısıtlamalar (%87), eğitim imkanlarının yetersizliği (%57) ve kurumsal desteğin eksikliği (%83) yer almaktadır. Kültürel ve toplumsal normlar, kadınların rollerini ve karar alma yetkilerini sınırlayarak bu sorunları daha da derinleştirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, çalışma, topluluk temelli çözümler aracılığıyla kadınların güçlendirilmesi için yeni potansiyel yollar ortaya koymaktadır; katılımcıların %69’u kadınların tarımsal faaliyetlere katılmasına ilgi duyduklarını ifade etmiştir. Mikrofinans programları, finansal okuryazarlık kursları, mobil veya topluluk temelli öğrenme çözümleri ve bölgeye özgü programlar diğer potansiyel yollar arasında yer almaktadır. Bulgularımız, sistemik engelleri aşmak, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini teşvik etmek ve kadınların tarım sektöründeki potansiyelini açığa çıkarmak için hedefli ve çok sektörlü çabalara acil bir ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu girişimler, kadınların yaşamlarını büyük ölçüde iyileştirebilir ve Afganistan’ın genel ekonomik büyümesine önemli katkılarda bulunabilir. Çalışma, Afganistan’daki tarım sektöründeki kadınların ciddi zorluklarla karşı karşıya olmasına rağmen, hedefli müdahaleler ve topluluk temelli girişimler yoluyla onları güçlendirmek için önemli fırsatların bulunduğunu sonucuna varmıştır.

References

  • Yahya, M.A., Will the Endeavors of NGOs to Alleviate Poverty Yield Any Enduring Consequences in Afghanistan? A Case Study of ABCO's Intervention. International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS), 2024. 7(7): p. 261-275. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13221519
  • World Bank Open Data, Employment in Agriculture, Female (% of Female Employment) (Modeled ILO Estimate) – Afghanistan. Data page, 2024. Accessed: 20 Jan 2025. Retrieved from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.FE.ZS?contextual=default&end=2022&locations=AF&start=2011&type=shaded&view=chart
  • Osmani, A.A., et al., Mapping Gender Roles in Family Farm Wheat Production in Central Afghanistan: Evaluating Roles, Constraints, and Opportunities. Gendered Perspectives on International Development, 2021. (1): p. 115-138. https://doi.org/10.1353/gpi.2021.0005
  • Khail, M.H. and K.M. Ahmadzai, The Participation of Rural Afghan Women in Small-Scale Dairy Farming. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 2022. 5(2): p. 59-66. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v5i2.379
  • Kamal, R., S. et al., Evaluation of Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Activities (A Case Study in the Rural Area of Malistan District, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan). Ajrsp, 2022. 4(44): p. 16-30 https://doi.org/10.52132/Ajrsp.en.2022.44.2
  • Qanbari, N. and K. Buzirjmehr, Barriers and Challenges of Rural Women in Establishing Small Businesses: A Case Study of Paein Rokh District, Torbat Heydariyeh, in National Conference on Management Strategies for Rural Entrepreneurship Development in Iran. 2017. Iran p. 1-14.
  • Amini, A. and A. Taheri, An Analysis on the Role-Playing of Rural Women’s Economical Activities and Its Determinants: The Case of Simakan Rural District in Jahrom County. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 2017. 12(2): p. 37-51. Accessed: 20 Jan 2025. Retrieved from: http://www.iaeej.ir/article_44283_11e5195078001f346ff35855c9ee6596.pdf
  • Torres, A.T., et al., United Nations Development Fund for Women, Gender and Development Making the Bureaucracy Gender-Responsive: A Sourcebook for Advocates, Planners, and Implementors. 1994, United Nations Fund for Women; National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women; HRSpecialists. Accessed: 20 Jan 2025. Retrieved from: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130282270614625152
  • Isabella, G., Young Women’s Attitudes Toward Agriculture and Women’s New Roles in the Greek Countryside: A First Approach. Journal of Rural Studies, 1999. 15: p. 147-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(98)00054-0
  • Kumbhar, V., Some Critical Issues of Women Entrepreneurship in Rural India. European Academic Research, 2013. 1(2): p. 185-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2043821

Challenges and Opportunities for Women Farmers in Afghanistan

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 15.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1627351

Abstract

Women play a crucial role in the country's development, particularly in Afghanistan’s agricultural industry, where they face numerous challenges and opportunities in Afghanistan. However, this topic has not been extensively investigated in the literature, leaving a gap in understanding the unique experiences of women in this sector. This study examines the challenges and opportunities faced by women farmers in Afghanistan, drawing on survey data from 81 participants across 16 provinces. Results indicate significant barriers to women’s participation in the agriculture industry, including restricted access to land (31), financial constraints (87%), limited training opportunities (57%), and insufficient institutional support (83%). Cultural and social norms further impede these concerns by limiting women's roles and decision-making abilities. Despite these challenges, the study conceives anew of potential avenues for empowerment through community-based solutions, evidenced by 69% of respondents interested in joining women's agricultural activities. Other potential avenues could be microfinance programs, financial literacy courses, mobile or community-based learning solutions, and region-specific programs. Our findings highlight a pressing need for targeted and multi-sectoral efforts to overcome systemic barriers, promote gender equality, and release the potentials of women in agriculture. These initiatives could greatly enhance the lives of women and contribute towards Afghanistan’s larger economic growth. This study concludes that while women in Afghanistan’s agricultural sector face significant challenges, there are substantial opportunities to empower them through targeted interventions and community-based initiatives.

References

  • Yahya, M.A., Will the Endeavors of NGOs to Alleviate Poverty Yield Any Enduring Consequences in Afghanistan? A Case Study of ABCO's Intervention. International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS), 2024. 7(7): p. 261-275. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13221519
  • World Bank Open Data, Employment in Agriculture, Female (% of Female Employment) (Modeled ILO Estimate) – Afghanistan. Data page, 2024. Accessed: 20 Jan 2025. Retrieved from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.FE.ZS?contextual=default&end=2022&locations=AF&start=2011&type=shaded&view=chart
  • Osmani, A.A., et al., Mapping Gender Roles in Family Farm Wheat Production in Central Afghanistan: Evaluating Roles, Constraints, and Opportunities. Gendered Perspectives on International Development, 2021. (1): p. 115-138. https://doi.org/10.1353/gpi.2021.0005
  • Khail, M.H. and K.M. Ahmadzai, The Participation of Rural Afghan Women in Small-Scale Dairy Farming. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 2022. 5(2): p. 59-66. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v5i2.379
  • Kamal, R., S. et al., Evaluation of Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Activities (A Case Study in the Rural Area of Malistan District, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan). Ajrsp, 2022. 4(44): p. 16-30 https://doi.org/10.52132/Ajrsp.en.2022.44.2
  • Qanbari, N. and K. Buzirjmehr, Barriers and Challenges of Rural Women in Establishing Small Businesses: A Case Study of Paein Rokh District, Torbat Heydariyeh, in National Conference on Management Strategies for Rural Entrepreneurship Development in Iran. 2017. Iran p. 1-14.
  • Amini, A. and A. Taheri, An Analysis on the Role-Playing of Rural Women’s Economical Activities and Its Determinants: The Case of Simakan Rural District in Jahrom County. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 2017. 12(2): p. 37-51. Accessed: 20 Jan 2025. Retrieved from: http://www.iaeej.ir/article_44283_11e5195078001f346ff35855c9ee6596.pdf
  • Torres, A.T., et al., United Nations Development Fund for Women, Gender and Development Making the Bureaucracy Gender-Responsive: A Sourcebook for Advocates, Planners, and Implementors. 1994, United Nations Fund for Women; National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women; HRSpecialists. Accessed: 20 Jan 2025. Retrieved from: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130282270614625152
  • Isabella, G., Young Women’s Attitudes Toward Agriculture and Women’s New Roles in the Greek Countryside: A First Approach. Journal of Rural Studies, 1999. 15: p. 147-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(98)00054-0
  • Kumbhar, V., Some Critical Issues of Women Entrepreneurship in Rural India. European Academic Research, 2013. 1(2): p. 185-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2043821
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Asooda Afshar 0009-0006-2985-0983

Mina Hakimi 0009-0005-3154-6852

Farzaneh Razmju 0009-0008-2445-7714

Bahram Yaqooby 0009-0002-8347-2769

Mir Abdullatif Yahya 0000-0002-3699-2983

Early Pub Date April 15, 2025
Publication Date April 15, 2025
Submission Date January 27, 2025
Acceptance Date February 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Afshar A, Hakimi M, Razmju F, Yaqooby B, Yahya MA (April 1, 2025) Challenges and Opportunities for Women Farmers in Afghanistan. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 8 1 1–9.



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