Asırlık İşletmelerin Uzun Ömürlüğüne Dair Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 13, 1 - 20, 25.02.2023

Murat Çubukcu

https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.1149867

Abstract

Çoğu işletme için uzun süre hayatta kalmak önemli bir hedeftir. İşletmelerin yüzyılı aşkın süredir hayatta kalmalarında hangi faktörlerin etkili olduğunun araştırılması önemlidir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, farklı yaklaşım ve bakış açılarını benimseyen teorik ve ampirik çalışmaları birleştirerek işletme ömrü konusundaki literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Bu amaçla yüzyıllık markalar derneği resmî web sitesinde yer alan asırlık işletmeler kasti örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Öncelikle asırlık işletmelerin uzun ömürlülüğüne dair literatür incelemesi yapılmıştır. Ardından araştırma kapsamında 1777-1926 yılları arasında kurulmuş yaşları 96 ila 245 yaşları arasında olan işletmeler dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya dahil işletmelerin resmi internet sitelerinde yer alan misyon, vizyon ifadeleri ve değerleri içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda uzun ömürlü asırlık işletmelerinin misyon, vizyon ifadeleri ve değerlerinde bazı ortak ifadelerin kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Asırlık işletmelerin vizyon, misyon ifadeleri ve değerlerine en çok yansıyan ve kullanılan kavramlar sırasıyla: kalite, yenilikçilik ve global lider dünya markası olmak iken daha sonra sürdürülebilirlik, çevre ve müşteri odaklılık kavramlarının kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Asırlık İşletmeler, Uzun Ömürlülük, Misyon, Vizyon, Değerler.

A Study on the Longevity of Centennial Businesses

Abstract

For most businesses, long-term survival is an important goal. It is important to investigate which factors have been effective in the survival of businesses for more than a century. The main purpose of the study is to contribute to the literature on operational life by combining theoretical and empirical studies that adopt different approaches and perspectives. For this purpose, century-old businesses on the official website of the Centennial Brands Association were selected by deliberate sampling method. First of all, a literature review on the longevity of centuries-old businesses was made. Then, businesses between the ages of 96 and 245, which were established between 1777-1926, were included within the scope of the research. The mission, vision statements and values on the official websites of the companies included in the research were subjected to content analysis. As a result of the research, it has been determined that some common expressions are used in the mission, vision statements and values of long-lasting centennial businesses. While the concepts most reflected and used in the vision, mission statements and values of century-old businesses are respectively: quality, innovation and being a global leader world brand, it has been determined that the concepts of sustainability, environment and customer orientation are used later on.

Keywords

Centennial Businesses, Longevity, Mission, Vision, Values.

References

• Ariker, Ç. & Toksoy, A. (2016). Kıdemli aile işletmelerinin sosyal medyada varlığı. 7. Aile İşletmeleri Kongresi Kongre Kitabı İçinde, İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 140- 146.
• Bakoğlu, R., Aşgun, O.B.Y. (2016). The Role of Sustainability in Long Term Survival of Family Business: Henokiens Revisited. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 788-796.
• Bart, C.K., Baetz, M.C. (1998). The Relationship Between Mission Statements and Firm Performance: An Exploratory Study, Journal of Management Studies, 35(6), 823-853.
• Bruderl, J; & Schussler, R. (1990). Organizational Mortality: The Liabilities of newness and Adolescense. Administrative Science Quarterly. 35(4), 530-547.
• Coleman, J. (1988) Social capital in the creation of human capital. American journal of sociology, 94, S95-S120.
• Colli, A., Mats, L. (2014). “Family Business and Business History: An Example of Comparative Research.” Business History 56, no. 1, 37 – 53.
• Collins J; & Porras, J. (1994). Built to last. New York: Harper Collins Publisher.
• Danes, S., Stafford, K., Haynes, G.. and Amarapurkar, S. (2009) Family Capital of Family Firms: Bridging Human, Social, and Financial Capital. Family Business Review, 22, 199-215.
• De Geus, Arie (1997). The Living Company: Habits for Survival in a Turbulent Business World. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.
• De Geus, A. (1999). “Yaşayan Şirket”, İş Dünyasında Büyüme, Öğrenme ve Uzun Ömür, Rota Yayınları.
• Eryılmaz, M. (9 Nisan 2022). Asırlık firmalar(ımız) ve anatomileri üzerine düşünceler. Opinyu Fikir Platformu, https://opinyu.com/mehmeteryilmaz/asirlikfirmalarimiz-ve-anatomileri-uzerine-dusunceler/
• Finkelstein, S; & Hambrick, D. (1996). Strategic Leadership: Top Executives and Their Effects on Organizations. West Publishing Company, Minneapolis/St Paul
• Floren, R., Jansen, S.F. (2011). Lessons from longevity: The twelve oldest family businesses in the Netherlands. 11th Annual IFERA, June-July, Palermo, Italy.
• Friedman, A.L. and Miles, S., (2006) “Stakeholders: Theory and Practice.” Oxford: Oxford University Press. Galadanchi, H.A., Bakar, L.J.A. (2018). A Study of Factors That Support Longevity of Business Enterprises, 20(1), 53-59.
• Galliker, C. (2016). The Secret of Long-Lived Family Businesses. Business Administration at the School of Business, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 1-81.
• Güvemli, Oktay (2018). Türkiye’nin Yaşayan En Eski İşletmesi: Hacı Bekir Şekerleme, Muhasebe ve Finans Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Eylül, 74-104.
• Goto, T. (2006). Longevity of Japanese family firms, In: Poutziouris, P., Smyrnios, K. & Klein, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Family Business. Edward Elgar.
• Goto, T. (2011) Familiness of long-lived firms in Japan and Italy. 2011 IFERA Proceedings
• Goto, T. (2013) Characteristics of long-lived family firms in Switzerland. 2013 IFERA Proceedings
• Goto, T. (2014). Family Business and Its Longevity, Kindai Management Review, Vol. 2, 78-96.
• Hannan, M. T., Freeman, J. (1988). The Ecology of Organizational Mortality: American Labor Unions, 1836-1985. American Journal of Sociology, 25-52.
• Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1989). Organizational ecology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Hannah, L.. (1999). “Marshall’s ‘Trees’ and the Global ‘Forest’: Were ‘Giant Redwoods’ Different?” In Learning by Doing in Markets, Firms and Countries, edited by N. R. Lamoreaux, D. M. G. Raff, and P. Temin. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 253– 294.
• Haugh, H. M., &Talwar, A. (2010). How do corporations embed sustainability across the organization? Academy of Management learning & education, 9(3), 384-396.
• Harrington, H. J. (2006). Process management excellence: The art of excelling in process management (Vol. 1). Paton Professional
• Hofstede, G. (t.b.). Compare countries. https://www.hofstedeinsights.com/fi/product/compare-countries/, Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2022.
• Hogarth, R., Claude, M., Yves, D., Ludo, V.D.H. (1991). Longevity of Business Firms: A Four-stage Framework for Analysis. Fontainebleau: INSEAD.
• Hougaz, L. (2015). Entrepreneurs in Family Business Dynasties, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.
• Iwasaki, N., Makoto, K. (1996). "Sustainability of the Japanese old established companies." Economic Institute of Seijo University 132(3), 130-160.
• Jagoe, A. (1987). Empresas triunfadoras. Bogotá: Legis Serie empresarial
• Kang, M.Y. (2022). What Makes Companies to Survive over a Century? The Case of Dongwha Pharmaceutical in the Republic of Korea. Sustainability, 14(946), 1-11.
• Koçel, T. (2012). Uzun Ömürlü-Köklü İşletme Ödül Töreni. 5. Aile İşletmeleri Kongresi Kongre Kitabı içinde, İstanbul: Kültür Üniversitesi.
• Koiranen, M. (2002). Over 100 Years of Age But Still Entrepreneurially Active in Business: Exploring the Values and Family Characteristics of Old Finnish Family Firms. Family Business Review, vol. XV, no. 3, September, 177-188.
• Lee, K. S.,Lim, W. S.ve Lim,G. H.(2000). Succession and Survival Of Family Business, Academy of Management Review,28(4), 57-666.
• Littunen, H. (2000). Networks and local environmental characteristics in the survival of new firms. Small Business Economics, 15(1), 59-71.
• Mayfield, M., Mayfield, J. Stephens, D. (2007). The relationship of generic strategy typing and organizational longevity. Competitive Review: An International Business Journal, Vol. 17 No. 1/2, 94-108.
• Mitleton-Kelly, E. (2006). A complexity approach to co-creating an innovative environment. World Futures, 62(3), 223-239.
• Nahapiet, J. & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2): 242-267.
• Napolitano, M.R., Marino, V., Ojala, J. (2015). In search of an integrated framework of business longevity. Business History, 57(7), 955-969.
• Palmberg, K. (2009). Complex adaptive systems as metaphors for organizational management. The Learning Organization, 16(6), 483-498.
• Pawlowski, C. W. (2000). Comments on the use of propositional logic to examine sustainability concepts. Ecological modelling, 127(2), 207-219.
• Peng, M.W. (2002). Towards an institution-based view of business strategy. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(2/3), 251–267.
• Rodríguez, H.A.R., Rojas, M.N.M. (2008). Longevidad Empresarial (Business Longevity). Centro de Estudios Empresariales para la Perdurabilidad – CEEP, Grupo de investigación en Perdurabilidad Empresarial, Universidad del Rosario, Documento de investigación No. 43, Colombia.
• Sharma, Kamal, Dixit, M.R. (2017). Live Long and Prosper: The Search for Business Longevity, Strategic Direction, 33(11), 1-3.
• Shimizu, T. (2002). The Longevity of the Japanese Big Businesses. Annals of Business Administrative Science, 1(3): 39-46.
• Simon, H. (1996). Hidden champions: Lessons from 500 of the world's best unknown companies, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
• Sorenson, R., Bierman, L. (2009) Family Capital, Family Business, and Free Enterprise. Family Business Review, 22 (3).
• Starkey, K., Tempest, S. (1996). The Secrets of Corporate Longevity: A Critical Review. Human Relations, 49(9), 1213-1225.
• Suarez, F. F., & Utterback, J. M. (1995). Dominant designs and the survival of firms. Strategic Management Journal, 16, 415-430.
• Morais-Storz, M., Platou, R.S. and Norheim, K.B. (2018), “Innovation and metamorphosis towards strategic resilience”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, available at: https:// doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2016-0369
• Sull, D. (2005). Why good companies go bad and how great managers remake them. Harvard Business School Press
• TenHaken, V., Cohen, E. (2007). Survival Behaviors Of 100-Year-Old West Michigan Retail And Service Companies. Journal of Business & Economics Research, 5(8), 73-78.
• TenHaken, V. (2008). Lessons Learned From Comparing Survival Behaviors Of Very Old Japanese And American Companies. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 7(1), 67-74.
• TenHaken, V., Rumsey, K. & Sale, A. (2011). “Effects of Size, Industry and Type of Ownership on Business Firm Longevity,” GBATA Readings Book, ISBN: 1-932917-07-1, pages 945-951.
• TenHaken, V.R., Kanda, M., Gakuin, M. (2015). Building Endurance: Common Practises of Companies in Business More Than One Hundred Years, Global Business and Technology Association 17th Annual Conference, Portugal.
• Waterman, R. H., Peters, T. J., & Phillips, J. R. (1980). Structure is not organization. Business horizons, 23(3), 14-26.
• Yaka, R. (2021). Şirketlerin Ömrüne Dair Doğrular ve Yanlışlar, 19 Mayıs Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 35-55.
• Yamaoka, Y., Oe, H. (2021). Business strategies of companies with a longevity of 300 years or longer in Japan: a concept model. International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy, 14(4), 283-295.
• Yokozawa, T. and Goto, T. (2004) Some Characteristics of Japanese Long-lived Firms and their Financial Performance, Proceedings of the 15th FBN-IFERA Academic Research Conference.
• https://www.dunya.com/ekonomi/turk-sirketlerin-ortalama-yasam-suresi-34-yil-haberi-225223