5, 6 ve 7. Sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler Ortaokul Ders Kitaplarında Ölçme Değerlendirme Unsurlarının İncelenmesi

Year 2024, , 188 - 253, 27.10.2024

Şeymanur Çelik Çetinkaya , Şahin Oruç

https://doi.org/10.53046/ijotem.1537064

Abstract

Ders kitapları en temel eğitim materyalidir. Bu materyalin etkili bir biçimde kullanılması için yaşadığımız çağa hitap etmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda 2004 yılından itibaren ülkemizde uygulanmaya başlanan yapılandırmacı eğitim kapsamında ders kitaplarının içeriği öğrencilerin bilişsel, duyuşsal ve psikomotor becerilerini geliştirecek düzeyde hazırlanmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitaplarının içeriğinde yer alan ölçme ve değerlendirme unsurlarının yapılandırmacı eğitim kapsamında öğrencilerin hangi becerilerine yönelik olduklarını ve kitapların içeriğinde yer alan öğrenme yaklaşımlarına uygun olup olmadığını belirlenmek amaçlanmıştır. Amaç doğrultusunda MEB'in yayınlamış olduğu ve onayladığı 6 farklı ders kitabında yer alan ölçme ve değerlendirme unsurları incelenmiştir. Ders kitaplarının içerisinde yer alan 7 adet öğrenme yaklaşımında yer alan ölçme ve değerlendirme unsurları konuya başlarken hazırlık soruları, metin içerisindeki sorular, metin içerisindeki etkinlikler, metin sonu değerlendirmeler, öz değerlendirme, akran değerlendirme, kavram haritası, ünite sonu değerlendirme soruları, grup öz değerlendirme başlıkları altında sınıflandırılarak incelenmiştir. Ardından sınıflandırılan bu unsurlar yapılandırmacı yaklaşım doğrultusunda ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada bir nitel araştırma deseni olan doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak ders kitaplarının içeriğinde yer alan her öğrenme yaklaşımı ayrı olarak ele alınmış, ölçme ve değerlendirme unsurları tespit edilmiş, yapılandırmacı eğitim doğrultusunda becerilerle ilişkilendirilmiş ardından da genel bir değerlendirme yapılarak her kademedeki iki farklı kitap arasındaki fark ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitaplarında yer alan ölçme ve değerlendirme unsurlarının yapılandırmacı eğitimle olan ilişkileri ortaya konularak alan yazına kaynak oluşturmuştur.

Keywords

Ders kitabı, ölçme, değerlendirme, yapılandırmacı eğitim, beceriler

Examinatıon of Assessment and Evaluation Elements in 5th, 6th and 7th Grade Social Studies Middle School Textbooks

Abstract

Textbooks are the most fundamental educational materials. For these materials to be effectively used, they need to be relevant to the era we live in. In this context, since 2004, the content of textbooks in Turkey has been prepared within the framework of constructivist education, aiming to enhance students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills. This study examines the assessment and evaluation elements within Social Studies textbooks to determine their alignment with constructivist education and the specific skills they target for students. The research analyzes assessment components found in six different textbooks approved by the Ministry of National Education (MEB). Within these textbooks, the assessment elements related to seven learning approaches—such as preparatory questions, in-text questions, activities, end-of-text evaluations, self-assessment, peer assessment, concept maps, end-of-unit assessment questions, and group self-assessment—are classified and studied from a constructivist perspective. Using a qualitative research design, document analysis is employed to identify assessment elements and link them to skills consistent with constructivist education. Finally, a comparative evaluation reveals differences between textbooks at different educational levels, contributing to the literature on the relationship between assessment elements and constructivist education in Social Studies textbooks.

Keywords

Textbook, measurement, evaluation, constructivist education, skills

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