Climate Change as a Human Security Issue for Indigenous Peoples of Arctic

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1 (Arktik Özel Sayısı), 156 - 179, 19.04.2021

Güneş Ersoy , Ceren Uysal Oğuz

Abstract

With the increase of the “new” security threats after the Cold War such as environmental problems, poverty, ethnic conflicts and migration, the human security approach that accepts the individual as a referent object has started to gain more attention. Climate change is one of the most serious problems that the planet and the humanity are facing in the 21st century. The negative effects of climate change are more evident and rapid in the Arctic region where the traditional lifestyles of the indigenous peoples suffer from melting glaciers and rising temperatures. In this study, the effects of climate change on indigenous peoples of the Arctic are examined from the human security perspective. The human security approach could provide a normative framework for building mechanisms where indigenous peoples involve more in climate change mitigation and adaptation mechanisms. Human security; with its different dimensions such as economic security, food security, health security, personal security, community security, political security and environmental security could provide a guideline for solving the problems arising from the vulnerability of the indigenous peoples of Arctic whose rights are violated by unequal and unjust practices of the states.

Keywords

Human Security, Climate Change, Arctic, Indigenous Peoples

Arktik Yerli Halkları için İnsan Güvenliği Sorunu Olarak İklim Değişikliği

Abstract

Soğuk Savaş sonrası çevre sorunları, yoksulluk, etnik çatışmalar, göç gibi “yeni” güvenlik tehditlerinin artmasıyla birlikte bireyi referans nesnesi olarak kabul eden insan güvenliği yaklaşımı da ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. 21. yüzyılda gezegenin ve insanlığın karşı karşıya olduğu en ciddi sorunlardan biri olan iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerinin en fazla gözlemlendiği bölgelerden biri Arktika’dır. Arktika yerli halklarının geleneksel yaşam tarzları iklim değişikliğinin eriyen buzullar, artan sıcaklıklar gibi yıkıcı etkilerinden büyük zarar görmektedir. Bu çalışmada insan faaliyetleri sonucu ortaya çıkan iklim değişikliğinin Arktika Bölgesi’nde yaşayan yerli halklar üzerindeki etkileri insan güvenliği perspektifinden incelenmektedir. Yerli halkların iklim değişikliği azaltım ve uyum çalışmalarında daha etkin rol oynayabilecekleri mekanizmaların inşası için insan güvenliği yaklaşımı normatif bir çerçeve sunabilir. İnsan güvenliğinin; ekonomik güvenlik, gıda güvenliği, sağlık güvenliği, kişisel güvenlik, topluluk güvenliği, siyasi güvenlik ve çevre güvenliği olarak tanımlanan her bir boyutu Arktika yerlilerinin iklim değişikliği karşısındaki savunmasızlıklarından ve halihazırda sınırları içerisinde yaşadıkları devletlerin eşitsiz uygulamalarından ve hak ihlallerinden kaynaklanan sorunlarının çözümü için yol gösterici olabilir.

Keywords

İnsan Güvenliği, İklim Değişikliği, Arktika, Yerli Halklar

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