Research Article
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Examining the Relationship Between Sportsmanship Understanding and Self-Efficacy Levels in Athletes

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 23 - 33
https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.1489072

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine athletes' sportsmanship understanding and self-efficacy levels in terms of different variables. The sample of the research consisted of 178 student athletes studying at Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Sports Sciences in 2024. In the study, a personal information form, the sportsmanship behavior scale developed by Gümüş et al. (2020) and the self-efficacy scale developed by Riggs, Warka, Babasa, Betancourt and Hooker (1994) and adapted into Turkish by Öcel (2002) were used as data collection tools. Distribution, frequency, t test, anova test and correlation analysis were performed to compare the relevant data. As a result of statistical analysis, while there was no significant difference for all scales according to the participants' gender, type of sport and family income level variables, a significant difference was observed for the variables of nationality and sport year. Additionally, it was determined that there was no significant relationship between sportsmanship and self-efficacy.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı, çalışmanın Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)' in tüm şartlarını ve koşullarını kabul ederek etik görev ve sorumluluklara riayet ettiğimi beyan ederim. Herhangi bir zamanda, çalışmayla ilgili yaptığım bu beyana aykırı bir durumun saptanması durumunda, ortaya çıkacak tüm ahlaki ve hukuki sonuçlara razı olduğumu bildiririm.

Thanks

Saygılarımla

References

  • Acuner, A. (2012). Comparing the individuals who performing different ways and examine them by comparing their self confidence and their self-sufficencies according to various variables [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversity.
  • Akoğlu, H., Ayyıldız, E., & Sunay, H. (2019). Investigation of Moral Disengagement in Sport and Sportspersonship Behavior of Athletes Participating in International Sport Organizations. Journal of Sports and Education Science, 6(2).
  • Archer, A. (2017). Sporting supererogation and why it matters. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 44(3), 359–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2017.1368393
  • Aytaç, K. Y., Yetiş, Ü., & Öz, K. A. (2022). Investigation of Self-Efficacy Levels of Sports High School Students According to Some Variables. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 5(Spescial issue 2), 953-965.
  • Azar, A. (2010). N-Service and Pre-Service Secondary Science Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs About Science Teaching. Zonguldak Karaelmas University Journal of Social Sciences, 6(12).
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human Agency in Social Cognitive Theory. American Psychology, 44(9), 1175–1184.
  • Cherry, H., L. (2005). Psychometric Analysis of an Inventory Assessing Mental Toughness. [Published Master's Thesis]. University of Tennessee.
  • Cosma, G. A., Chiracu, A., Stepan, A. R., Gatzel, R., Iancu, A., & Cosma, A. (2021). Sportsmanship and basic psychological needs in sports students. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 13(6), 5.
  • Çağlayan, B., Coşkun, S., & Yılmaz, B. (2021). Relationship Between Sportsmanship Behavior and Communication Skills: A Study on University Student-Athletes. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 5(1), 83-89. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.982984
  • Ebrahim Razaghi, M., Mehrabi, G., & Jalali Farahani, M. (2015). Factor analysis demographic related of sportsmanship in professional and champion athletes. Organizational Behaviour Management In Sport Studies, 2(1), 65-72.
  • Elik, T. (2017). Sportsmen who play football as an amateur their sportsmanship trends and empathic tendencies in The Southeast Anatolia region. [Published Master Thesis]. Istanbul Gelişim University.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
  • Gümüş, H. (2019). Sportspersonship Orientation in X Generation. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 10(17), 738-755. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.524867.
  • Gümüş, H., Saracli, S., Yagmur, R., Isik, O., & Ersoz, Y. (2020). The investigation of sportsmanship behaviors of university students. Revista de Psicología del Deporte -Journal of Sport Psychology, 29(1), 13–20.
  • Kahwa, H., Gargalianos, D., & Yfantidou, G. (2021). Sport as a Tool for International Relations: Case Study of Ugandan Sport Leaders. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 5(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.853864
  • Koçak, Ç. V. (2019). Investigation of The Coaching Self-Efficacy Levels of Coach Candidates. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sports, 17(1), 55-62.
  • Kusan, M., Yilmaz, S., & Cankaya, S. (2024). The effect of moral disengagement in sports on sportsmanship behavior in boxers. Journal of ROL Sport Sciences, 5(1), 125-138.
  • Mclaughlin M. (2020). American Recreation: Sportsmanship and the New Nationalism, 1900–1910. Journal of American Studies. 54(5), 839-869. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021875819000057
  • Nas, H. (2019). Examination of the relationship between sportsmanship, self-efficacy and psychological resilience of high school students [Unpublished Master's Thesis]. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University.
  • Ouyang, Y., Wang, K., Zhang, T., Peng, L., Song, G., & Luo, J. (2020). The influence of sports participation on body image, self-efficacy, and self-esteem in college students. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 499087.
  • Öcel, H. (2002). The Role Of Self Efficacy Collective Efficacy Beliefs and Cohesiveness in Predicting Players Evaluations of Their Teams Past Present Performance and Future Performance Expentancies.[Unpublished Master Thesis]. Hacettepe Üniversity.
  • Özdemir, C. (2015). Determination to self efficacy beliefs of primary education teacher candidates related to teaching of first reading and writing. [Published Master Thesis]. Karadeniz Technical University.
  • Özer, T. (2015). An Analysis Of Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Physical Education and Sport Teacher Candidates and other Teacher Candidates on Teaching Profession. [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Dumlupınar Üniversity.
  • Pan, Y., Yu, X., & Yue, Y. (2024). Anxiety and Sportsmanship in Adolescent Athletes: The Multiple Mediating Effects of Athlete Burnout and Exercise Cognition. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-16.
  • Pehlivan Z, & Konukman F. (2004). Sport in Schools for Improvıng the Concept; Fair-Play. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sports,2 (2). 49-53. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000028.
  • Riggs, M. L., Warka, J., Babasa, B., Betancourt, R., & Hooker, S. (1994). Development and Validation of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Scales for Job-Related Applications. Educational and psychological measurement, 54(3), 793-802.
  • Sabırlı, L. (2024). The effect of the fear of negative evaluation and empathic tendency levels on the sportsmanship orientation of students studying in the faculty of sports sciences. [Unpublished PhD Thesis]. 19 May University.
  • Sáenz Ibáñez, A., Aguado San José, B., & Lanchas Sánchez, I. (2013). Sport as a Means to Promote Sportsmanship: an Educational Program for Schools in Álava. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 111, 55-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2013/1).111.05
  • Sánchez-Alcaraz, B. J., Bejerano-Urrea, A., Valero-Valenzuela, A., Gómez-Mármol, A., & Courel-Ibáñez, J. (2018). Deportividad, disfrute y actitudes hacia la Educación Física de los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria. Ágora Para La Educación Física Y El Deporte, 20(2-3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.24197/aefd.2-3.2018.319-340
  • Sağ, S., Yağdı, M. F. & Güçlü, M. (2024). Psychological Flexibility in Sports: Connections with General Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem. Bozok International Journal of Sport Sciences, 5(1), 214-232.
  • Senemoğlu, N. (2007). Development, learning and teaching: From theory to practice. Gönül Publishing.
  • Sevinç, K., & Kapçak, V. (2021). Investigation of Sports Participation Motivation and Self-Efficacy Levels of Sports Sciences Faculty Students. International Journal of Exercise Psychology, 3(2), 68-78.
  • Sharpe, T., Brown, M. & Crider, K. (1995), The effects of a sportsmanship curriculum intervention on generalized positive social behavior of urban elementary school students. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1995.28-401
  • Sülün, F., Susuz, Y. E., Varol, Y. K., & Çolakoğlu, F. F. (2021). Investigation of Relationship Between Judo Trainers' Sportsmanship Orientation and Personality Characteristics. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 15(2), 285-300.
  • Şen, Ü. (2009). an Evaluation about Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Critical Thinking Attitude’s in Terms of Difference Variable. Journal of World of Turks., 2, 84.
  • Tel M. (2014). Fairplay in Turkish Social Life. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 2(Special Issue 1), pp. 694–704.
  • Tırpan, M. (2016). Investigation of the relationship between innovative and general self-efficacy of students of the School of Physical Education and Sports. [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Ege University.
  • Toçoğlu, S. (2020). The effect of sports science students 'self-efficacy and psychological health on life satisfaction [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Sakarya University of Applied Sciences
  • Tsai, E., & Fung, L. (2005). Sportspersonship in youth basketball and volleyball players. Athletic Insight, 7(2), 37-46.
  • Turan, S. (2020). The predisposition to physical education of high school students attending to school sports and investigation of their sportmenship behaviors in physical education course [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Sakarya University of Applied Sciences
  • Woodman, T. ve Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self confidence upon sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(6), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000101809.
  • Yalçın, Y. G., Tek, T., & Çetin, M. Ç. (2020). Examine the Sportsmanship Orientation of University Students Who Play Sports as Amateurs. The Journal of Turkish Sport Sciences, 3(1), 29-34.
  • Yıldıran, İ. (2005). The Role of Physical Education in Fair Play. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 5,(1),3-16.

Sporcularda Sportmenlik Anlayış ve Öz Yeterlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 23 - 33
https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.1489072

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı sporcuların sportmenlik anlayış ve özyeterlik düzeylerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2024 yılı Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde eğitim gören 178 sporcu öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu, Gümüş ve arkadaşları (2020) tarafından geliştirilen sportmenlik davranışı ölçeği ve Riggs, Warka, Babasa, Betancourt ve Hooker (1994) tarafından geliştirilip, Türkçe uyarlaması ise Öcel (2002) tarafından yapılan öz yeterlilik ölçeği kullanılmıştır. İlgili verilerin karşılaştırılmasında dağılım, frekans, t testi, anova testi ve kolerasyon analizi yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler sonucunda katılımcıların cinsiyet, spor türü ve aile gelir düzeyi değişkenlerine göre tüm ölçekler için anlamlı fark görülmezken, millilik ve spor yılı değişkenleri için anlamlı farklılık gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca sportmenlik ve öz yeterlik arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Acuner, A. (2012). Comparing the individuals who performing different ways and examine them by comparing their self confidence and their self-sufficencies according to various variables [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversity.
  • Akoğlu, H., Ayyıldız, E., & Sunay, H. (2019). Investigation of Moral Disengagement in Sport and Sportspersonship Behavior of Athletes Participating in International Sport Organizations. Journal of Sports and Education Science, 6(2).
  • Archer, A. (2017). Sporting supererogation and why it matters. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 44(3), 359–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2017.1368393
  • Aytaç, K. Y., Yetiş, Ü., & Öz, K. A. (2022). Investigation of Self-Efficacy Levels of Sports High School Students According to Some Variables. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 5(Spescial issue 2), 953-965.
  • Azar, A. (2010). N-Service and Pre-Service Secondary Science Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs About Science Teaching. Zonguldak Karaelmas University Journal of Social Sciences, 6(12).
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human Agency in Social Cognitive Theory. American Psychology, 44(9), 1175–1184.
  • Cherry, H., L. (2005). Psychometric Analysis of an Inventory Assessing Mental Toughness. [Published Master's Thesis]. University of Tennessee.
  • Cosma, G. A., Chiracu, A., Stepan, A. R., Gatzel, R., Iancu, A., & Cosma, A. (2021). Sportsmanship and basic psychological needs in sports students. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 13(6), 5.
  • Çağlayan, B., Coşkun, S., & Yılmaz, B. (2021). Relationship Between Sportsmanship Behavior and Communication Skills: A Study on University Student-Athletes. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 5(1), 83-89. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.982984
  • Ebrahim Razaghi, M., Mehrabi, G., & Jalali Farahani, M. (2015). Factor analysis demographic related of sportsmanship in professional and champion athletes. Organizational Behaviour Management In Sport Studies, 2(1), 65-72.
  • Elik, T. (2017). Sportsmen who play football as an amateur their sportsmanship trends and empathic tendencies in The Southeast Anatolia region. [Published Master Thesis]. Istanbul Gelişim University.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
  • Gümüş, H. (2019). Sportspersonship Orientation in X Generation. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 10(17), 738-755. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.524867.
  • Gümüş, H., Saracli, S., Yagmur, R., Isik, O., & Ersoz, Y. (2020). The investigation of sportsmanship behaviors of university students. Revista de Psicología del Deporte -Journal of Sport Psychology, 29(1), 13–20.
  • Kahwa, H., Gargalianos, D., & Yfantidou, G. (2021). Sport as a Tool for International Relations: Case Study of Ugandan Sport Leaders. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 5(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.853864
  • Koçak, Ç. V. (2019). Investigation of The Coaching Self-Efficacy Levels of Coach Candidates. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sports, 17(1), 55-62.
  • Kusan, M., Yilmaz, S., & Cankaya, S. (2024). The effect of moral disengagement in sports on sportsmanship behavior in boxers. Journal of ROL Sport Sciences, 5(1), 125-138.
  • Mclaughlin M. (2020). American Recreation: Sportsmanship and the New Nationalism, 1900–1910. Journal of American Studies. 54(5), 839-869. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021875819000057
  • Nas, H. (2019). Examination of the relationship between sportsmanship, self-efficacy and psychological resilience of high school students [Unpublished Master's Thesis]. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University.
  • Ouyang, Y., Wang, K., Zhang, T., Peng, L., Song, G., & Luo, J. (2020). The influence of sports participation on body image, self-efficacy, and self-esteem in college students. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 499087.
  • Öcel, H. (2002). The Role Of Self Efficacy Collective Efficacy Beliefs and Cohesiveness in Predicting Players Evaluations of Their Teams Past Present Performance and Future Performance Expentancies.[Unpublished Master Thesis]. Hacettepe Üniversity.
  • Özdemir, C. (2015). Determination to self efficacy beliefs of primary education teacher candidates related to teaching of first reading and writing. [Published Master Thesis]. Karadeniz Technical University.
  • Özer, T. (2015). An Analysis Of Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Physical Education and Sport Teacher Candidates and other Teacher Candidates on Teaching Profession. [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Dumlupınar Üniversity.
  • Pan, Y., Yu, X., & Yue, Y. (2024). Anxiety and Sportsmanship in Adolescent Athletes: The Multiple Mediating Effects of Athlete Burnout and Exercise Cognition. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-16.
  • Pehlivan Z, & Konukman F. (2004). Sport in Schools for Improvıng the Concept; Fair-Play. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sports,2 (2). 49-53. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000028.
  • Riggs, M. L., Warka, J., Babasa, B., Betancourt, R., & Hooker, S. (1994). Development and Validation of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Scales for Job-Related Applications. Educational and psychological measurement, 54(3), 793-802.
  • Sabırlı, L. (2024). The effect of the fear of negative evaluation and empathic tendency levels on the sportsmanship orientation of students studying in the faculty of sports sciences. [Unpublished PhD Thesis]. 19 May University.
  • Sáenz Ibáñez, A., Aguado San José, B., & Lanchas Sánchez, I. (2013). Sport as a Means to Promote Sportsmanship: an Educational Program for Schools in Álava. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 111, 55-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2013/1).111.05
  • Sánchez-Alcaraz, B. J., Bejerano-Urrea, A., Valero-Valenzuela, A., Gómez-Mármol, A., & Courel-Ibáñez, J. (2018). Deportividad, disfrute y actitudes hacia la Educación Física de los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria. Ágora Para La Educación Física Y El Deporte, 20(2-3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.24197/aefd.2-3.2018.319-340
  • Sağ, S., Yağdı, M. F. & Güçlü, M. (2024). Psychological Flexibility in Sports: Connections with General Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem. Bozok International Journal of Sport Sciences, 5(1), 214-232.
  • Senemoğlu, N. (2007). Development, learning and teaching: From theory to practice. Gönül Publishing.
  • Sevinç, K., & Kapçak, V. (2021). Investigation of Sports Participation Motivation and Self-Efficacy Levels of Sports Sciences Faculty Students. International Journal of Exercise Psychology, 3(2), 68-78.
  • Sharpe, T., Brown, M. & Crider, K. (1995), The effects of a sportsmanship curriculum intervention on generalized positive social behavior of urban elementary school students. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1995.28-401
  • Sülün, F., Susuz, Y. E., Varol, Y. K., & Çolakoğlu, F. F. (2021). Investigation of Relationship Between Judo Trainers' Sportsmanship Orientation and Personality Characteristics. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 15(2), 285-300.
  • Şen, Ü. (2009). an Evaluation about Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Critical Thinking Attitude’s in Terms of Difference Variable. Journal of World of Turks., 2, 84.
  • Tel M. (2014). Fairplay in Turkish Social Life. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 2(Special Issue 1), pp. 694–704.
  • Tırpan, M. (2016). Investigation of the relationship between innovative and general self-efficacy of students of the School of Physical Education and Sports. [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Ege University.
  • Toçoğlu, S. (2020). The effect of sports science students 'self-efficacy and psychological health on life satisfaction [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Sakarya University of Applied Sciences
  • Tsai, E., & Fung, L. (2005). Sportspersonship in youth basketball and volleyball players. Athletic Insight, 7(2), 37-46.
  • Turan, S. (2020). The predisposition to physical education of high school students attending to school sports and investigation of their sportmenship behaviors in physical education course [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Sakarya University of Applied Sciences
  • Woodman, T. ve Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self confidence upon sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(6), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000101809.
  • Yalçın, Y. G., Tek, T., & Çetin, M. Ç. (2020). Examine the Sportsmanship Orientation of University Students Who Play Sports as Amateurs. The Journal of Turkish Sport Sciences, 3(1), 29-34.
  • Yıldıran, İ. (2005). The Role of Physical Education in Fair Play. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 5,(1),3-16.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sport and Exercise Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Turan Çetinkaya 0000-0001-6363-5300

Early Pub Date August 23, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date May 23, 2024
Acceptance Date August 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çetinkaya, T. (2024). Examining the Relationship Between Sportsmanship Understanding and Self-Efficacy Levels in Athletes. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 8(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.1489072