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A Pharmacognostical Comparative Investigation on Valeriana alliariifolia Adams

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 160 - 173, 15.09.2020

Burcu Şen Utsukarçi , Merve Cimsit , Turgut Taşkın , Bahar Gurdal , Oguzhan Bacı , Suleyman Bilgin

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.690926

Abstract

Free radicals are shown as the main reason of many chronic and degenerative diseases. Because of the toxicity and undesirable effects of synthetic antioxidants, finding of new antioxidant natural agents is very important, especially edible plants. As an edible plant, valerian is used for various aims. Also, Valeriana species are known with their antioxidative compounds. In our previous study, some biological activities of Valeriana alliariifolia Adams roots extracts, collected in 2012, and the chemical compositions of active samples were determined. For this study, after 5 years collected plant materials were investigated again to determine and compare the antioxidant activities, the total phenolic contents and the chemical composition profile of the extracts from different plant-parts and to compare obtained results with the previous data. While RWI, RWM1 and RWM1residue were found most active by DPPH method and AHM1 by FRAP method, REM1 showed the highest activity by CUPRAC method. The high activity of AHM1 is parallel to its phenolic content. It can be thought that the difference between the results of our two studies, is due to the change of plant content from year to year and various environmental factors. This is important for achieving standardization in the production of its preparations.

Keywords

Valeriana alliariifolia Antioxidant Total Phenolic Contents Chemical Content Valerenic Acid

References

  • Sokmen, B.B., Ugras, S., Sarikaya, H.Y., Ugras, H.I., Yanardag, R. (2013). Antibacterial, Antiurease, and Antioxidant Activities of Some Arylidene Barbiturates. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 171, 2030-2039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0486-6
  • Shahidi, F., Editor. (2015). Handbook of Antioxidants for Food Preservation; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, pp. 1–14.
  • Basma, A.A., Zakaria, Z., Latha, L.Y., Sasidharan, S. (2011). Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of the Methanol Extracts of Euphorbia hirta L. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 4, 386-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60109-0
  • Davis, P.H., Editor. (1972). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 4; Edinburgh University Press, UK, pp. 551-558.
  • Davis, P.H., Editor. (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10. Supplement I; Edinburgh University Press, UK, pp. 155.
  • Guner, A., Ozhatay, N., Ekim, T., Baser, K.H.C., Editors. (2008). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11; Edinburgh University Press, UK, pp. 147.
  • Taherpour, A.A., Maroofi, H., Bajelani, O., Larijani, K. (2010). Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Valeriana alliariifolia Adams of Iran. Natural Product Research, 24, 973-978. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902900010
  • Guner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babac, M.T., Editors. (2012). List of Turkish Flora (vascular plants) - Turkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarli Bitkiler); Nezahat Gokyigit Botanik Bahcesi ve Flora Arastirmalari Dernegi Yayini, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 322-325.
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Turkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Nobel Tip Kitapevleri Ltd Sti, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 252-153.
  • Bos, R., Woerdenbag, H.J., van Putten, F.M.S., Hendriks, H., Scheffer, J.J.C. (1998). Seasonal Variation of the Essential Oil, Valerenic Acid and Derivatives, and Valepotriates in Valeriana officinalis Roots and Rhizomes, and the Selection of Plants Suitable for Phytomedicines. Planta Medica, 64, 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957392
  • Wang, Y., Jin, L., Yu, S., Shi, Q., Gu, Y., Kiyota, H. (2010). Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Valeriana. Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry, 7, 161-172. https://doi.org/10.2174/157019310791065537
  • Sen, B., Mat, A. (2015). Chemical and Medicinal Evaluations of the Valeriana Species in Turkey. Journal of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 45, 267-276.
  • Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Wu, S., He, Y., Dai, Z., Ma, S., Liu, B. (2017). Studies of the Structure-Antioxidant Activity Relationships and Antioxidant Activity Mechanism of Iridoid Valepotriates and their Degradation Products. PLoS ONE, 12, e0189198. https://doi.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189198
  • Karadeniz, A., Cinbilgel, I., Gun, S.S., Cetin, A. (2015). Antioxidant Activity of Some Turkish Medicinal Plants. Natural Product Research, 29, 2308-2312. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1005618
  • Jugran, A.K., Bhatt, I.D., Rawal, R.S. (2015). Identification of ISSR Markers Associated with Valerenic Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity in Valeriana jatamansi Jones in the West Himalaya. Molecular Breeding, 35:73, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0241-5
  • Batra, S., Kumar, A., Sharma, A. (2016). Authentication of Morphologically Similar Rhizome Drugs Based on TLC Fingerprint Profiles and Valerenic Acid Content. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(8), 3428-3431. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(8).3428-31
  • Jugran, A.K., Bahukhandi, A., Bhatt, I.D., Rawal, R.S., Nandi, S.K. (2015). Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage Preventive Activity of Selected Valeriana Species from West Himalaya. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 87, 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-015-0559-0
  • Katsarova, M., Dimitrova, S., Lukanov, L., Sadakov, F, Denev, P, Plotnikov, E, Kndilarov, I., Kostadinova, I. (2017). Antioxidant Activity and Nontoxicity of Extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Мelissa officinalis, Crataegus monogyna, Hypericum perforatum, Serratula coronatа and Combinations Antistress 1 and Antistress 2. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 49, Special Issue G, 93-98.
  • Jain, V., Dutta, R., Maheshwari, D.T., Meena, D.K., Misra, K., Yogendra, Kumar, M.S. (2018). Valeriana wallichii Extract Inhibits tert-BOOH Induced Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity. Frontiers in Bioscience, 10, 469-480.
  • Oz-Aydın, S., Dirmenci, T., Tumen, G., Baser, K.H.C. (2006). Plants Used as Analgesic in the Folk Medicine of Turkey. Proceedings of the IVth International Congress of Ethnobotany (ICEB, 2005), Istanbul, Turkey, 21-26 August 2005; Ertug, Z.F., Eds; Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Fakir, H., Korkmaz, M., Guller, B. (2009). Medicinal Plant Diversity of Western Mediterrenean Region in Turkey. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 3, 33-43.
  • Ozgokce, F., Ozcelik, H. (2004). Ethnobotanical Aspects of Some Anatolia, Turkey. Economic Botany, 58, 697-704.
  • Kaya, D.A. (2006). Çukurova bölgesinde farklı sıra arası ve hasat zamanlarında kediotu (Valeriana officinalis L.) bitkisinin verim ve uçucu yağ kalitesinin araştırılması. PhD Thesis, Cukurova University, Adana.
  • Ozbay, O., Aslan, S., Kartal, M., Kurucu, S., Bos, R., Woerdenbag, H.J., Kayser, O. (2009). Preliminary Examination of the Composition of the Essential Oil from the Roots and Rhizomes of Valeriana alpestris Stev. Growing in Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21, 555-557. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700243
  • Aslan, S., Kartal, M., Kurucu, S., Kuiper, J.M., Kruizinga, W.H., Bos, R., Woerdenbag, H.J., Kayser, O. (2009). Composition of the Essential Oil from Roots and Rhizomes of Valeriana phu L. Growing Wild in Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21, 437-440. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700212
  • Bardakci, H., Demirci, B., Yesilada, E., Kirmizibekmez, H., Baser, K.H.C. (2012). Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of the Subterranean Parts of Valeriana alliariifolia. Records of Natural Products, 6, 89-92.
  • Ebrahimzadeh, H., Radjabian, T., Tousi, A.E., Nikham, V., Mozaffarian, V. (2008). Evaluation of Some Iranian Wild Species from Valerianaceae as Commercial Sources of Valepotriates. Journal of Biological Sciences, 8, 549-555. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2008.549.555
  • Samaneh, E.T., Tayebeh, R., Hassan, E., Vahid, N. (2010). Composition of Essential Oils in Subterranean Organs of Three Species of Valeriana L. Natural Product Research, 24, 1834-1842. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.482051
  • Sen-Utsukarci, B., Taskin, T., Goger, F., Tabanca, N., Estep, A.S., Kessler, S. M., Akbal-Dagistan, O., Bardaci, H., Kurkcuoglu, M., Becnel, J., Kiemer, A.M., Mat, A. (2019). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and İnsecticidal Potential of Valeriana alliariifolia in Turkey. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 70, 207-218. https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3273
  • Baytop, B. (1980). Farmakognozi, Volume I, 3. Edition; Istanbul Universitesi Yayinlari, Baha Matbaası, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 206-207.
  • Hassan, E., Tayebeh, R., Samaneh, E.T., Zeinalabedin, B.S., Vahid, N., Mehdi, Z. (2008). Quantification of Valerenic Acid and its Derivatives in Some Species of Valeriana L. and Centranthus longiflorus Stev. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 195-200, https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.195.200
  • Taskin, T., Cam, M.E., Taskin, D., Rayaman, E. (2019). In vitro and in vivo Biological Activities and Phenolic Characterization of Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii var. skorpilii. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 13, 536-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9967-1
  • Fu, W., Chen, J., Cai, Y., Lei, Y., Chen, L., Pei, L., Zhou, D., Liang, X., Ruan, J. (2010). Antioxidant, Free Radical Scavenging, Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Potential of the Extract from Parathelypteris nipponica (Franch.et Sav.) Ching. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 130, 521-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.039
  • Benzie, I.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: the FRAP Assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
  • Apak, R., Guclu, K., Ozyurek, M., Karademir, S.E. (2004). Novel Total Antioxidant Capacity Index for Dietary Polyphenols and Vitamins C and E, using their Cupric Ion Reducing Capability in the Presence of Neocuproine: CUPRAC Method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 7970-7981. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
  • Wagner, H., Bladt, S., Editors. (2009). Plant Drug Analysis, 2. edition, 2. printing; Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, pp. 341-347.
  • Caudal, D., Guinobert, I., Lafoux, Bardot, V., Cotte, C., Ripoche, I., Chalard, P., Huchet, C. (2018). Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Effect of a Standardized Extract of Valeriana officinalis L. after Acute Administration in Mice. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8, 335-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.06.011
  • Jugran, A.K., Bahukhandi, A., Dhyani, P., Bhatt, I.D., Rawal, R.S., Nandi, S.K. (2016). Impact of Altitudes and Habitats on Valerenic Acid, Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Tannins, and Antioxidant Activity of Valeriana jatamansi. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 179, 911-926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2039-2

A Pharmacognostical Comparative Investigation on Valeriana alliariifolia Adams

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 160 - 173, 15.09.2020

Burcu Şen Utsukarçi , Merve Cimsit , Turgut Taşkın , Bahar Gurdal , Oguzhan Bacı , Suleyman Bilgin

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.690926

Abstract

Free radicals are shown as the main reason of many chronic and degenerative diseases. Because of the toxicity and undesirable effects of synthetic antioxidants, finding of new antioxidant natural agents is very important, especially edible plants. As an edible plant, valerian is used for various aims. Also, Valeriana species are known with their antioxidative compounds. In our previous study, some biological activities of Valeriana alliariifolia Adams roots extracts, collected in 2012, and the chemical compositions of active samples were determined. For this study, after 5 years collected plant materials were investigated again to determine and compare the antioxidant activities, the total phenolic contents and the chemical composition profile of the extracts from different plant-parts and to compare obtained results with the previous data. While RWI, RWM1 and RWM1residue were found most active by DPPH method and AHM1 by FRAP method, REM1 showed the highest activity by CUPRAC method. The high activity of AHM1 is parallel to its phenolic content. It can be thought that the difference between the results of our two studies, is due to the change of plant content from year to year and various environmental factors. This is important for achieving standardization in the production of its preparations.

Keywords

Valeriana alliariifolia Antioxidant Total Phenolic Contents Chemical Content Valerenic Acid

References

  • Sokmen, B.B., Ugras, S., Sarikaya, H.Y., Ugras, H.I., Yanardag, R. (2013). Antibacterial, Antiurease, and Antioxidant Activities of Some Arylidene Barbiturates. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 171, 2030-2039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0486-6
  • Shahidi, F., Editor. (2015). Handbook of Antioxidants for Food Preservation; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, pp. 1–14.
  • Basma, A.A., Zakaria, Z., Latha, L.Y., Sasidharan, S. (2011). Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of the Methanol Extracts of Euphorbia hirta L. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 4, 386-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60109-0
  • Davis, P.H., Editor. (1972). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 4; Edinburgh University Press, UK, pp. 551-558.
  • Davis, P.H., Editor. (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10. Supplement I; Edinburgh University Press, UK, pp. 155.
  • Guner, A., Ozhatay, N., Ekim, T., Baser, K.H.C., Editors. (2008). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11; Edinburgh University Press, UK, pp. 147.
  • Taherpour, A.A., Maroofi, H., Bajelani, O., Larijani, K. (2010). Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Valeriana alliariifolia Adams of Iran. Natural Product Research, 24, 973-978. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902900010
  • Guner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babac, M.T., Editors. (2012). List of Turkish Flora (vascular plants) - Turkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarli Bitkiler); Nezahat Gokyigit Botanik Bahcesi ve Flora Arastirmalari Dernegi Yayini, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 322-325.
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Turkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Nobel Tip Kitapevleri Ltd Sti, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 252-153.
  • Bos, R., Woerdenbag, H.J., van Putten, F.M.S., Hendriks, H., Scheffer, J.J.C. (1998). Seasonal Variation of the Essential Oil, Valerenic Acid and Derivatives, and Valepotriates in Valeriana officinalis Roots and Rhizomes, and the Selection of Plants Suitable for Phytomedicines. Planta Medica, 64, 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957392
  • Wang, Y., Jin, L., Yu, S., Shi, Q., Gu, Y., Kiyota, H. (2010). Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Valeriana. Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry, 7, 161-172. https://doi.org/10.2174/157019310791065537
  • Sen, B., Mat, A. (2015). Chemical and Medicinal Evaluations of the Valeriana Species in Turkey. Journal of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 45, 267-276.
  • Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Wu, S., He, Y., Dai, Z., Ma, S., Liu, B. (2017). Studies of the Structure-Antioxidant Activity Relationships and Antioxidant Activity Mechanism of Iridoid Valepotriates and their Degradation Products. PLoS ONE, 12, e0189198. https://doi.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189198
  • Karadeniz, A., Cinbilgel, I., Gun, S.S., Cetin, A. (2015). Antioxidant Activity of Some Turkish Medicinal Plants. Natural Product Research, 29, 2308-2312. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1005618
  • Jugran, A.K., Bhatt, I.D., Rawal, R.S. (2015). Identification of ISSR Markers Associated with Valerenic Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity in Valeriana jatamansi Jones in the West Himalaya. Molecular Breeding, 35:73, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0241-5
  • Batra, S., Kumar, A., Sharma, A. (2016). Authentication of Morphologically Similar Rhizome Drugs Based on TLC Fingerprint Profiles and Valerenic Acid Content. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(8), 3428-3431. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(8).3428-31
  • Jugran, A.K., Bahukhandi, A., Bhatt, I.D., Rawal, R.S., Nandi, S.K. (2015). Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage Preventive Activity of Selected Valeriana Species from West Himalaya. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 87, 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-015-0559-0
  • Katsarova, M., Dimitrova, S., Lukanov, L., Sadakov, F, Denev, P, Plotnikov, E, Kndilarov, I., Kostadinova, I. (2017). Antioxidant Activity and Nontoxicity of Extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Мelissa officinalis, Crataegus monogyna, Hypericum perforatum, Serratula coronatа and Combinations Antistress 1 and Antistress 2. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 49, Special Issue G, 93-98.
  • Jain, V., Dutta, R., Maheshwari, D.T., Meena, D.K., Misra, K., Yogendra, Kumar, M.S. (2018). Valeriana wallichii Extract Inhibits tert-BOOH Induced Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity. Frontiers in Bioscience, 10, 469-480.
  • Oz-Aydın, S., Dirmenci, T., Tumen, G., Baser, K.H.C. (2006). Plants Used as Analgesic in the Folk Medicine of Turkey. Proceedings of the IVth International Congress of Ethnobotany (ICEB, 2005), Istanbul, Turkey, 21-26 August 2005; Ertug, Z.F., Eds; Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Fakir, H., Korkmaz, M., Guller, B. (2009). Medicinal Plant Diversity of Western Mediterrenean Region in Turkey. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 3, 33-43.
  • Ozgokce, F., Ozcelik, H. (2004). Ethnobotanical Aspects of Some Anatolia, Turkey. Economic Botany, 58, 697-704.
  • Kaya, D.A. (2006). Çukurova bölgesinde farklı sıra arası ve hasat zamanlarında kediotu (Valeriana officinalis L.) bitkisinin verim ve uçucu yağ kalitesinin araştırılması. PhD Thesis, Cukurova University, Adana.
  • Ozbay, O., Aslan, S., Kartal, M., Kurucu, S., Bos, R., Woerdenbag, H.J., Kayser, O. (2009). Preliminary Examination of the Composition of the Essential Oil from the Roots and Rhizomes of Valeriana alpestris Stev. Growing in Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21, 555-557. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700243
  • Aslan, S., Kartal, M., Kurucu, S., Kuiper, J.M., Kruizinga, W.H., Bos, R., Woerdenbag, H.J., Kayser, O. (2009). Composition of the Essential Oil from Roots and Rhizomes of Valeriana phu L. Growing Wild in Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21, 437-440. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700212
  • Bardakci, H., Demirci, B., Yesilada, E., Kirmizibekmez, H., Baser, K.H.C. (2012). Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of the Subterranean Parts of Valeriana alliariifolia. Records of Natural Products, 6, 89-92.
  • Ebrahimzadeh, H., Radjabian, T., Tousi, A.E., Nikham, V., Mozaffarian, V. (2008). Evaluation of Some Iranian Wild Species from Valerianaceae as Commercial Sources of Valepotriates. Journal of Biological Sciences, 8, 549-555. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2008.549.555
  • Samaneh, E.T., Tayebeh, R., Hassan, E., Vahid, N. (2010). Composition of Essential Oils in Subterranean Organs of Three Species of Valeriana L. Natural Product Research, 24, 1834-1842. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.482051
  • Sen-Utsukarci, B., Taskin, T., Goger, F., Tabanca, N., Estep, A.S., Kessler, S. M., Akbal-Dagistan, O., Bardaci, H., Kurkcuoglu, M., Becnel, J., Kiemer, A.M., Mat, A. (2019). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and İnsecticidal Potential of Valeriana alliariifolia in Turkey. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 70, 207-218. https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3273
  • Baytop, B. (1980). Farmakognozi, Volume I, 3. Edition; Istanbul Universitesi Yayinlari, Baha Matbaası, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 206-207.
  • Hassan, E., Tayebeh, R., Samaneh, E.T., Zeinalabedin, B.S., Vahid, N., Mehdi, Z. (2008). Quantification of Valerenic Acid and its Derivatives in Some Species of Valeriana L. and Centranthus longiflorus Stev. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 195-200, https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.195.200
  • Taskin, T., Cam, M.E., Taskin, D., Rayaman, E. (2019). In vitro and in vivo Biological Activities and Phenolic Characterization of Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii var. skorpilii. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 13, 536-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9967-1
  • Fu, W., Chen, J., Cai, Y., Lei, Y., Chen, L., Pei, L., Zhou, D., Liang, X., Ruan, J. (2010). Antioxidant, Free Radical Scavenging, Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Potential of the Extract from Parathelypteris nipponica (Franch.et Sav.) Ching. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 130, 521-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.039
  • Benzie, I.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: the FRAP Assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
  • Apak, R., Guclu, K., Ozyurek, M., Karademir, S.E. (2004). Novel Total Antioxidant Capacity Index for Dietary Polyphenols and Vitamins C and E, using their Cupric Ion Reducing Capability in the Presence of Neocuproine: CUPRAC Method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 7970-7981. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
  • Wagner, H., Bladt, S., Editors. (2009). Plant Drug Analysis, 2. edition, 2. printing; Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, pp. 341-347.
  • Caudal, D., Guinobert, I., Lafoux, Bardot, V., Cotte, C., Ripoche, I., Chalard, P., Huchet, C. (2018). Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Effect of a Standardized Extract of Valeriana officinalis L. after Acute Administration in Mice. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8, 335-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.06.011
  • Jugran, A.K., Bahukhandi, A., Dhyani, P., Bhatt, I.D., Rawal, R.S., Nandi, S.K. (2016). Impact of Altitudes and Habitats on Valerenic Acid, Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Tannins, and Antioxidant Activity of Valeriana jatamansi. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 179, 911-926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2039-2
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burcu Şen Utsukarçi 0000-0002-2720-9686

Merve Cimsit 0000-0002-7561-5953

Turgut Taşkın 0000-0001-8475-6478

Bahar Gurdal 0000-0003-4009-100X

Oguzhan Bacı 0000-0002-0972-4844

Suleyman Bilgin 0000-0003-1707-0243

Publication Date September 15, 2020
Submission Date February 18, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Şen Utsukarçi, B., Cimsit, M., Taşkın, T., Gurdal, B., et al. (2020). A Pharmacognostical Comparative Investigation on Valeriana alliariifolia Adams. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 7(3), 160-173. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.690926
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

e-ISSN: 2148-6905