ASSESSMENT OF CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS BY USING CROPWAT FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE (AKHISAR-MANISA, TURKEY)

Year 2022, Volume: 1 Issue: 5, 5 - 20, 20.06.2022

Fulya Aydın-kandemir , Dursun Yıldız

Abstract

This study was planned to assess the optimum water requirements of chosen crops and contribute to sustainable water management in Manisa-Akhisar Beyoba Region, which makes agricultural production with groundwater. A severe regional hydrological and agricultural drought for the past two years in this region has led to more use of groundwater. This resulted in a rapid decrease in groundwater levels. This study created a guide on the optimum water requirement of the crops to be grown for the sustainable use of groundwater in the region.

Keywords

optimum water requirement, sustainable water use, CROPWAT, CLIMWAT, FAO, climate change, agriculture

Thanks

We would like to thank the General Director of Central Union of Turkey’s Irrigation Cooperatives A. Halis Uysal and the Managers of Beyoba Village Irrigation Cooperative for their patient help and for providing data for this study effort.

References

• Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
• Aydin, F., Erlat, E. & Türkeş, M. (2020) Impact of climate variability on the surface of Lake Tuz (Turkey), 1985–2016. Regional Environmental Change 20, 68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01656-z.
• Azevedo, P.V., de Souza, C.B., da Silva, B.B., da Silva, V.P. (2007) Water requirements of pineapple crop grown in a tropical environment, Brazil. Agricultural Water Management, 88, 201–208.
• Bhattarai, D.P., Shakya, N.M. (2020). Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Major Crops in Kankai Irrigation System in Eastern Nepal. GSJ: Volume 8, Issue 8, ISSN 2320-9186.
• Bokke, A.S., Shoro K.E. (2020). Impact of effective rainfall on net irrigation water requirement: The case of Ethiopia. Water Science. Vol. 34, No. 1, 155–163 https://doi.org/10.1080/11104929.2020.1749780
• Clarke, D., Smith, M., El-Askari, K. (2001). CropWat for Windows: User Guide, University of Southampton: Southampton, UK. CROPWAT Software, FAO, Land and Water Division (2022). Available online: http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/cropwat/en/ (Accessed on 20 January 2022).
• FAO (1992) CROPWAT, a computer program for irrigation planning and management by M. Smith. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 26. Rome.
• Eco Farming Daily (2022). Soil Requirements for Growing Corn. “https://www.ecofarmingdaily.com/grow-crops/grow-corn/soil-requirements/”. Accessed on 11 May 2022.
• Ewaid, S.H., Abed, S.A., Al-Ansari, N. (2019). Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedules for Some Major Crops in Southern Iraq. Water, 11, 756, doi:10.3390/w11040756.
• Göçmez, G., İşçioğlu, A. (2004). Konya Kapalı Havzası’nda Yeraltı Suyu Seviye Değişimleri (In Turkish). Yeraltı suyunun Kullanımı, Problemler ve Çözüm Yolları. 22–24 Aralık. Konya, Turkey, pp 9–18
• Gunes, M.S., Yildiz, D., Yildiz, D. (2016). Agricultural Groundwater Management in Turkey. Technical Report. Hydropolitics Association.
• NASA (2022). Expert Group- Growing Wheat. “https://gpm.nasa.gov/education/sites/default/files/lesson_plan_files/water-for-wheaties/AG_MS_GrowingWheat.pdf”. Accessed on 11 May 2022.
• Rajput, T. B. S., & Patel, N. (2006). Determination of the optimal date for sowing of wheat in canal irrigated areas using FAO CROPWAT model. Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi, India.
• Schwartz, F.W. & Zhang, H. (2003). Fundamentals of Groundwater. John Wiley & Sons
• Siebert, S., Burke, J., Faures, J. M., Frenken, K., Hoogeveen, J., Döll, P., & Portmann, F. T. (2010). Groundwater use for irrigation–a global inventory. Hydrology and earth system sciences, 14(10), 1863-1880.
• Smith, M. (1996). CROPWAT: A Computer Program for Irrigation Planning and Management. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No: 46, Rome.
• Smith, M., Kivumbi, D., Heng, L.K. (2002) Use of the FAO CROPWAT model in deficit irrigation studies. In Deficit Irrigation Practices, FAO: Rome, Italy.
• Sommelier Choice Award (2022). Soil Types That Matter For Grape Growing. “https://sommelierschoiceawards.com/en/blog/insights-1/soil-types-that-matter-for-grape-growing-164.htm”. Accessed on 11 May 2022.
• Tigkas, D., Vangelis, H., Tsakiris, G. (2016). Introducing a modified Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDIe) incorporating effective precipitation. Procedia Engineering 162: 332 – 339.
• TSU (2022). Grape Farming Calendar [Turkish], “https://www.turktob.org.tr/tr/bagcilik-tarim-takvimi/4999”. Accessed on 10 May 2022.
• USDA SCS (1970). Irrigation water requirements. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Tech. Rel. No. 21, 88p.
• USDA IPAD (2022). Crop Calendars for Middle East (Iran, Iraq, Syria) and Turkey, “https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/rssiws/al/crop_calendar/metu.aspx”. Accessed on 10 May 2022.
• Valenzuela, H., Smith, J. (2002). Barley. Sustainable Agriculture Green Manure Crops, Aug. 2002, SA-GM-3.
• Vu, S.H., Watanabe, H., Takagi, K. (2005). Application of FAO-56 for evaluating evapotranspiration in simulation of pollutant runoff from paddy rice field in Japan. Agricultural Water Management 76(3):195-210pp.
• Yarami, N., Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A., Sepaskhah, A.R., Zand-Parsa, S. (2011). Determination of the potential evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for saffron using a water-balance lysimeter. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. Volume 57, https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2010.485985.
• Wikifarmer (2022). Cotton Growing Conditions. “https://wikifarmer.com/cotton-growing-conditions/”. Accessed on 10 May 2022.