Demans, yaşlanmayla birlikte prevalansı artan ciddi bir sağlık sorunudur ve tüm demans tipleri arasında en sık görüleni olarak Alzheimer hastalığı karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hastalığın evrelerine ve beynin tutulum bölgesine göre farklı klinik tablolar görülmektedir. Hastalık süreci, hasta ve bakım verenin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Hastalık tedavisinde farmakolojik ve farmakolojik olmayan çeşitli tedavi yöntemleri uygulanmakta ve tedavilerin etkinlikleriyle ilgili araştırmalara halen devam edilmektedir. Günümüzde Alzheimer hastalığı tedavisinde egzersiz uygulamaları farmakolojik olmayan önemli bir yaklaşım olarak ele alınmaktadır.
Alzheimer's Association
https://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_stages_of_alzheimers.asp. Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2017.
Arcoverde, C., Deslandes, A., Moraes, H., Almeida, C., Araujo, NB., Vasque PE. (2013). Treadmill training as an augmentation treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 72(3), 190-196.
Aşiret, GD. & Kapucu, S. (2016). The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognition, depression and activities of daily living for patients with Alzheimer disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 29(1), 31-37.
Bossers, WJ., van der Woude LH., Boersma, F., Hortobagyi, T., Scherder EJ., van Heuvelen MJ. (2015). A nine-week-long aerobic and strength training program improves cognitive and motor function in patients with dementia: A randomized, controlled trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 23(11),1106-16.
Cass, SP. (2017). Alzheimer’s disease and exercise: A literature review. Head, Neck and Spine, 1(16), 19-22.
Cheng, ST., Chow, PK., Song, YQ., Yu, ECS., Lam, JHM. (2014). Can leisure activities slow dementia progression in nursing home residents? A cluster-randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics, 26(4), 637-643.
Christofoletti, G., Oliani, MM., Gobbi, S., Stella, F., Gobbi, LTB., Canineu, PR. (2008). A controlled clinical trial on the effects of motor intervention on balance and cognition in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia. Clin Rehabil, 22,618-628.
Deslandes, A. (2013). The Biological Clock Keep Sticking But Exercise May Turn it back. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 71(2), 113-118.
Ferreira, L., Tanaka, K., Ferreira, R., Galduroz, S., Carlos, J., Galduroz, F. (2015). Respiratory training as strategy to prevent cognitive decline in aging: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 593-603.
Guo, X., Waern, M., Sjögren, K., Lissner, L., Bengtsson, C., Björkelund, C. et al. (2007) Midlife respiratory function and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease: a 29-year longitudinal study in women. Neurobiol Aging, 28(3), 343–350.
Guure, CB., Ibrahim, NA., Adam MB., Said SM. (2017). Impact of physical activity on cognitive decline, dementia, and its subtypes: Meta-analysis of prospective studies. BioMed Research International, 2017(2017), 1-13.
Heun, R., Schoepf, D., Potluri, R., Natalwala A. (2013). Alzheimer’s disease and co-morbidity: Increased prevalence and possible risk factors of excess mortality in a naturalistic 7-year follow up. European Psychiatry, 28(1), 40-48.
Hill, KD., LoGiudice, D., Lautenschlager, NT., Said, CM., Doddand, KJ., Suttanon, P. (2009). Effectiveness of Balance Training Exercise in People With Mild to Moderate Severity Alzheimer's Disease: Protocol for a Randomised Trial. BMC Geriatrics, 16, 9-29.
Hoffmann, K., Frederiksen, KS., Sobol, NA., Beyer, N., Vogel, A., Simonsen AH., et al. (2013). Preserving cognition, quality of life, physical health and functional ability in Alzheimer’s disease: The effect of physical exercise (ADEX Trial): Rationale and design. Neuroepidemiology, 41, 198-207.
Hoffman, K., Sobol, NA., Frederiksen, KS., Beyer, N., Vogel, A., Vestergaard, K. et al. (2016). Moderate-to-high intensity physical exercise in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 50, 443-453.
Hokkanken, L., Rantala, L., Remes, AM., Harkönen, B., Viramo, P., Winblad I. (2008). Dance and movement therapeutic methods in management of dementia: A randomized, controlled study. J Am Geriatr Soc, 56(4), 771-772.
Holthoff, VA., Marschner, K., Scharf, M., Steding J, Shirin M, Koch, R. (2015). Effects of physical activity training in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia. Results of a pilot RCT study. Plos One, 10(4), 1-11.
Kemoun, G., Thibaud, M., Roumagne, N., Carette, P., Albinet, C., Toussaint, L. (2010). Effects of a physical training programme on cognitive function and walking efficiency in elderly persons with dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 29, 109-114.
Kwak, YS., Um, SY., Son, TG., Kim DJ. (2008). Effect of regular exercise on senile dementia patients. Int J Sports Med, 29, 471-474.
Manabe, T., Mizuukami, K., Akatsu, H., Teramoto, S., Yamaoka, K., Nakamura, S., et al. (2016). Influence of pneumonia complications on the prognosis of patients with autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia. Psychogeriatrics: 16(5), 305-314.
McKhann, GM., Knopman, DS., Chertkow, H., Hyman, BT., Kawas, CH., Klunk, WE., et al. (2011). The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association Workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement, 7 (3), 263-269.
Öhman, H., Savikko, N., Strandberg, T., Kautiainen, H.,Raivio, M., Laakkonen, ML. (2016). Effects of exercise on functional performance and fall rate in subjects with mild or advanced Alzheimer’ disease: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 41, 233-241.
Park, M., Shah, RC., Fogg, LF., Wyatt JK. (2011). Daytime sleepiness in mild Alzheimer’s disease with and without parkinsonian features. Sleep Med, 12, 397-402.
Pathan, SS., Gottesman. RF., Mosley, TH., Knopman, DS., Sharrett, AR., Alonso, A. (2011). Association of lung function with cognitive decline and dementia: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Eur J Neurol, 18, 888–898.
Russ, TC., Starr, JM,, Stamatakis, E., Kivimäki, M., Batty, GD. (2015). Pulmonary function as a risk factor for dementia death: an individual participant meta-analysis of six UK general population cohort studies. J Epidemiol Community Health, 69, 550–556.
Söylemez BA. (2013). Kademeli olarak azalmış stres eşiği modeline göre yapılan girişimlerin demanslı birey ve ailesinin bakım sonuçlarına etkisinin incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Venturelli, M., Scarsini, R., Schena, F. (2011). Six-month walking program changes cognitive and ADL performance in patients with Alzheimer. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 26(5), 381-388.
Vidal, JS., Aspelund, T., Jonsdottir, MK., Jonsson, PV., Harris, TB., Lopez, OL., et al. (2013). Pulmonary function impairment may be an early risk factor for late-life cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc, 61, 79–83.
Woods, D., Craven, R., Whitney, J. (2005). The Effect of Therapeutic Touch on Behavioral Symptoms of Person with Dementia. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 11(1), 66-74.
Yang, Y. & Kwak, YT. (2016). The effects of donepezil on 15-item geriatric depression scale structure in patients with Alzheimer disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra, 6, 437-446.
Yu, F., Kolanowski, A. (2009). Facilitating aerobic exercise training in older adults with Alzheimer disease. Geriatr Nurs, 30, 250-259.
Yu, F., Vock, DM., Barclay, TR. (2017). Executive function: Responses to aerobic exercise in Alzheimer’s disease. Geriatric Nursing, 2017, 1-6.
Year 2018,
Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 39 - 42, 31.05.2018
Alzheimer's Association
https://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_stages_of_alzheimers.asp. Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2017.
Arcoverde, C., Deslandes, A., Moraes, H., Almeida, C., Araujo, NB., Vasque PE. (2013). Treadmill training as an augmentation treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 72(3), 190-196.
Aşiret, GD. & Kapucu, S. (2016). The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognition, depression and activities of daily living for patients with Alzheimer disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 29(1), 31-37.
Bossers, WJ., van der Woude LH., Boersma, F., Hortobagyi, T., Scherder EJ., van Heuvelen MJ. (2015). A nine-week-long aerobic and strength training program improves cognitive and motor function in patients with dementia: A randomized, controlled trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 23(11),1106-16.
Cass, SP. (2017). Alzheimer’s disease and exercise: A literature review. Head, Neck and Spine, 1(16), 19-22.
Cheng, ST., Chow, PK., Song, YQ., Yu, ECS., Lam, JHM. (2014). Can leisure activities slow dementia progression in nursing home residents? A cluster-randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics, 26(4), 637-643.
Christofoletti, G., Oliani, MM., Gobbi, S., Stella, F., Gobbi, LTB., Canineu, PR. (2008). A controlled clinical trial on the effects of motor intervention on balance and cognition in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia. Clin Rehabil, 22,618-628.
Deslandes, A. (2013). The Biological Clock Keep Sticking But Exercise May Turn it back. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 71(2), 113-118.
Ferreira, L., Tanaka, K., Ferreira, R., Galduroz, S., Carlos, J., Galduroz, F. (2015). Respiratory training as strategy to prevent cognitive decline in aging: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 593-603.
Guo, X., Waern, M., Sjögren, K., Lissner, L., Bengtsson, C., Björkelund, C. et al. (2007) Midlife respiratory function and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease: a 29-year longitudinal study in women. Neurobiol Aging, 28(3), 343–350.
Guure, CB., Ibrahim, NA., Adam MB., Said SM. (2017). Impact of physical activity on cognitive decline, dementia, and its subtypes: Meta-analysis of prospective studies. BioMed Research International, 2017(2017), 1-13.
Heun, R., Schoepf, D., Potluri, R., Natalwala A. (2013). Alzheimer’s disease and co-morbidity: Increased prevalence and possible risk factors of excess mortality in a naturalistic 7-year follow up. European Psychiatry, 28(1), 40-48.
Hill, KD., LoGiudice, D., Lautenschlager, NT., Said, CM., Doddand, KJ., Suttanon, P. (2009). Effectiveness of Balance Training Exercise in People With Mild to Moderate Severity Alzheimer's Disease: Protocol for a Randomised Trial. BMC Geriatrics, 16, 9-29.
Hoffmann, K., Frederiksen, KS., Sobol, NA., Beyer, N., Vogel, A., Simonsen AH., et al. (2013). Preserving cognition, quality of life, physical health and functional ability in Alzheimer’s disease: The effect of physical exercise (ADEX Trial): Rationale and design. Neuroepidemiology, 41, 198-207.
Hoffman, K., Sobol, NA., Frederiksen, KS., Beyer, N., Vogel, A., Vestergaard, K. et al. (2016). Moderate-to-high intensity physical exercise in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 50, 443-453.
Hokkanken, L., Rantala, L., Remes, AM., Harkönen, B., Viramo, P., Winblad I. (2008). Dance and movement therapeutic methods in management of dementia: A randomized, controlled study. J Am Geriatr Soc, 56(4), 771-772.
Holthoff, VA., Marschner, K., Scharf, M., Steding J, Shirin M, Koch, R. (2015). Effects of physical activity training in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia. Results of a pilot RCT study. Plos One, 10(4), 1-11.
Kemoun, G., Thibaud, M., Roumagne, N., Carette, P., Albinet, C., Toussaint, L. (2010). Effects of a physical training programme on cognitive function and walking efficiency in elderly persons with dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 29, 109-114.
Kwak, YS., Um, SY., Son, TG., Kim DJ. (2008). Effect of regular exercise on senile dementia patients. Int J Sports Med, 29, 471-474.
Manabe, T., Mizuukami, K., Akatsu, H., Teramoto, S., Yamaoka, K., Nakamura, S., et al. (2016). Influence of pneumonia complications on the prognosis of patients with autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia. Psychogeriatrics: 16(5), 305-314.
McKhann, GM., Knopman, DS., Chertkow, H., Hyman, BT., Kawas, CH., Klunk, WE., et al. (2011). The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association Workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement, 7 (3), 263-269.
Öhman, H., Savikko, N., Strandberg, T., Kautiainen, H.,Raivio, M., Laakkonen, ML. (2016). Effects of exercise on functional performance and fall rate in subjects with mild or advanced Alzheimer’ disease: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 41, 233-241.
Park, M., Shah, RC., Fogg, LF., Wyatt JK. (2011). Daytime sleepiness in mild Alzheimer’s disease with and without parkinsonian features. Sleep Med, 12, 397-402.
Pathan, SS., Gottesman. RF., Mosley, TH., Knopman, DS., Sharrett, AR., Alonso, A. (2011). Association of lung function with cognitive decline and dementia: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Eur J Neurol, 18, 888–898.
Russ, TC., Starr, JM,, Stamatakis, E., Kivimäki, M., Batty, GD. (2015). Pulmonary function as a risk factor for dementia death: an individual participant meta-analysis of six UK general population cohort studies. J Epidemiol Community Health, 69, 550–556.
Söylemez BA. (2013). Kademeli olarak azalmış stres eşiği modeline göre yapılan girişimlerin demanslı birey ve ailesinin bakım sonuçlarına etkisinin incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Venturelli, M., Scarsini, R., Schena, F. (2011). Six-month walking program changes cognitive and ADL performance in patients with Alzheimer. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 26(5), 381-388.
Vidal, JS., Aspelund, T., Jonsdottir, MK., Jonsson, PV., Harris, TB., Lopez, OL., et al. (2013). Pulmonary function impairment may be an early risk factor for late-life cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc, 61, 79–83.
Woods, D., Craven, R., Whitney, J. (2005). The Effect of Therapeutic Touch on Behavioral Symptoms of Person with Dementia. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 11(1), 66-74.
Yang, Y. & Kwak, YT. (2016). The effects of donepezil on 15-item geriatric depression scale structure in patients with Alzheimer disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra, 6, 437-446.
Yu, F., Kolanowski, A. (2009). Facilitating aerobic exercise training in older adults with Alzheimer disease. Geriatr Nurs, 30, 250-259.
Yu, F., Vock, DM., Barclay, TR. (2017). Executive function: Responses to aerobic exercise in Alzheimer’s disease. Geriatric Nursing, 2017, 1-6.
Keleş, E., & Özalevli, S. (2018). Alzheimer Hastalığı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 39-42.
AMA
Keleş E, Özalevli S. Alzheimer Hastalığı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları. İKÇÜSBFD. May 2018;3(2):39-42.
Chicago
Keleş, Elvan, and Sevgi Özalevli. “Alzheimer Hastalığı Ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 3, no. 2 (May 2018): 39-42.
EndNote
Keleş E, Özalevli S (May 1, 2018) Alzheimer Hastalığı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 3 2 39–42.
IEEE
E. Keleş and S. Özalevli, “Alzheimer Hastalığı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları”, İKÇÜSBFD, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 39–42, 2018.
ISNAD
Keleş, Elvan - Özalevli, Sevgi. “Alzheimer Hastalığı Ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 3/2 (May 2018), 39-42.
JAMA
Keleş E, Özalevli S. Alzheimer Hastalığı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları. İKÇÜSBFD. 2018;3:39–42.
MLA
Keleş, Elvan and Sevgi Özalevli. “Alzheimer Hastalığı Ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 2, 2018, pp. 39-42.
Vancouver
Keleş E, Özalevli S. Alzheimer Hastalığı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları. İKÇÜSBFD. 2018;3(2):39-42.